T Widlok
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1375 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | T Widlok |
| NOMBRES | T |
| APELLIDO | Widlok |
| FIRMA | WIDLOK T |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Cologne |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4427-413X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 46 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 203 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 45 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1992 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Butter, Inge
Upscaling a sharing approach
Parallels between person-to-person sharing and centrally institutionalized forms of redistribution have been noted repeatedly but also need to be assessed critically. When sharing is defined as the allocation of economic goods without calculating returns we may ask whether this also includes redistributive large-scale institutions such as forms of public pooling, crowd-based digital platforms or taxation. Can sharing be upscaled to institutional …
Hide and Seek a Share
Hiding and sharing things can go together. Haiǁom and other San hunter-gatherers in southern Africa are considered to be a group in which there is a lot of sharing. At the same time, hiding what could be shared is not rare. The ethnographic situation that I explore in this contribution is that of hiding tobacco and other consumables. What happens when Haiǁom divide their tobacco into two pouches, one for sharing with others and one that is kept h…
Ethics of Sharing - Gesamtausgabe/Complete Issue
Thihs file contains the complete issue "Ethics of Sharing
Alan Barnard (1949-2022)
James Woodburn (1934-2022)
Original Power Pointing
Governance by domination is easy to 'read' for political theory, but what about modes of governance that operate without centralised institutions? Such modes of governance are exemplified in the social relations of San in southern Africa. They rely on deictic practices (most fundamentally, pointing and being pointed at) that remain largely under the analytic radar of political theory. This contribution shows how such practices structure social in…
The Anthropology of Moralities
Anthropologists have been keenly aware of the tension between cultural relativism and absolute norms, and nowhere has this been more acute than with regards to moral values. Can we study the Other’s morality without applying our own normative judgments? How do social anthropologists keep both the distance required by science and the empathy required for the analysis of lived experiences? The plurality of moralities has not received an explicit an…
Bringing Ethnography Home? Costs and Benefits of Methodological Traffic across Disciplines
Ethnographic Practice in the Present
In its assessment of the current "state of play" of ethnographic practice in social anthropology, this volume explores the challenges that changing social forms and changing understandings of "the field" pose to contemporary ethnographic methods. These challenges include the implications of the remarkable impact social anthropology is having on neighboring disciplines such as history, sociology, cultural studies, human geography and linguistics, …
Seasonality and schismogenesis
For a socio-cultural anthropology of contemporary hunter-gatherers, The Dawn of Everything (Graeber & Wengrow 2021) provides both good and bad news. It is good news in that it underlines the relevance of hunter-gatherer research for the here and now - beyond early humans and questions of origins. It is bad news insofar as the book proposes that the study of 'hunter-gatherer societies' is not a useful way to carve out a field of research and that …
Sharing
Sharing is a particularly versatile and widespread human practice that features in all domains of life, including religion and politics, family life, and economics. It has a long ethnographic record but it is only recently that it has reached centre stage in social theory and in public awareness. However, not everything that is called ‘sharing’ qualifies as such in a comparative and more technical sense. This entry seeks to distinguish sharing fr…
Sharing
Sharing adds a paradox to the question of transfer and value: Why do people share what they value even though they cannot count on a return? This contribution breaks with the conventional assumption that practices of sharing are simple prestages of more complex reciprocal gift-exchange or commodity transactions. Instead I consider sharing to be a complex social phenomenon that makes rather specific requirements in regard to bodily copresence, rel…
African Time
The notion that Africans lack a sense of future was extensively debated following John Mbiti's African Religions and Philosophy (1969) and has since entered the scholarly and popular discourse as a fixed topos which we label #African time ('Europeans have watches, Africans have time'). The most recent references to the topos are found in future vision reports of many African states and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that assert and demand …
Hunting and gathering
Hunting and gathering constitute the oldest human mode of making a living, and the only one for which there is an uninterrupted record from human origins to the present. Correspondingly, there has been a lot of anthropological attention devoted to hunting and gathering with an initial confidence that one could directly observe human nature by studying hunter-gatherers. More recently, however, anthropologists have grown cautious not to draw analog…
Obituary of James Woodburn 1934-2022
Woodburn's last research visit to Hadza country was in 2017.Few anthropologists have maintained active research with the same group for 59 years.In 1958, as a young Cambridge anthropologist, James arrived in Hadza country with no idea where the people were nor what language they spoke.Meeting two Italian brothers seeking to earn enough money by hunting elephants for passage to America, James soon met the Hadza when they saw the vultures flying ov…
Forum
Anxieties about species extinction, habitat loss, and climate change attributed to the uninhibited commodification of nature-the "massive anthropogenic erosion of biodiversity"-are a theme of our times, marking the Anthropocene. 1 Some of the most acute and severe expressions of ecological guilt and "endangerment sensibilities," expressed in the media and the social and cultural sciences alike, revolve around the waning of "wild" fauna, flora, an…
The Situationality of Human-Animal Relations
Riding, hunting, fishing, bullfighting: Human-animal relations are diverse. This anthology presents various case studies of situations in which humans and animals come into contact and asks for the anthropological and philosophical implications of such encounters. The contributions by renowned scholars such as Albert Piette and Kazuyoshi Sugawara present multidisciplinary methodological reflections on concepts such as embodiment, emplacement, or …
Sharing
Sharing plays a major role in the current rhetoric of imagining alternatives to a world dominated by commodity exchange. The social practice of sharing as described in the ethnographic record has a distinctive profile whereby others are allowed access to something of value without specific obligations of return transfers. As such, sharing can be clearly distinguished from other forms of social transactions such as gift exchange, reciprocity, pool…
Seeking Common Cause between Cognitive Science and Ethnography
Alternative logics have been invoked periodically to explain the systematically different modes of thought of the subjects of ethnography: one logic for ‘us’ and another for ‘them’. Recently anthropologists have cast doubt on the tenability of such an explanation of difference. In cognitive science, [Stenning and van Lambalgen, 2008] proposed that with the modern development of multiple logics, at least several logics are required for making sens…
Hunter-gatherer situations
The universal hunter
Commercial hunters in southern Africa often claim that they have immediate and privileged access to the culture of indigenous hunter-gatherer groups because they share the same subsistence pursuit. In this contribution I challenge these claims on two accounts. First, I highlight that hunting was part and parcel of many different social groups in southern Africa and I outline some of the historical shifts that have occurred to ‘hunting’ as the his…
Hunter-gatherer situations
With CHAGS 11 hunter-gatherer studies are likely to enter a phase of institutional consolidation and stability since there is now an international organization that ensures continuity of the conference series and by launching its own journal – also continuity in terms of a multidisciplinary scholarly forum. However, many challenges to the field persist, above all the disempowered life that many contemporary hunting and gathering people are forced…
Linealogy
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Moving between camps
This article provides an outline of a theory of hunter-gatherer mobility that synthesizes a diversity of existing ways of explaining forager mobility. The three approaches considered in detail are Optimal Foraging Theory, Decision Tree Modelling and Decision Making Pragmatics. The strengths and weaknesses of these approaches are summarized and examples from hunter-gatherer ethnography are given, in particular with reference to field research with…
Sharing
Sharing adds a paradox to the question of transfer and value: Why do people share what they value even though they cannot count on a return? This contribution breaks with the conventional assumption that practices of sharing are simple prestages of more complex reciprocal gift-exchange or commodity transactions. Instead I consider sharing to be a complex social phenomenon that makes rather specific requirements in regard to bodily copresence, rel…
Sharing by Default
The establishment of moral relativism does not exhaust anthropological comparisons of how people strive for a good life. In this article I suggest that comparative research into ethical systems and moralities can be productively complemented by an anthropology of virtue. Experiences from post-Cold War settings and ethnographic examples from Australia and Namibia illustrate my attempt to outline such an anthropological theory of virtue based on re…
Orientation in the Wild
Les competences en matiere d'orientation des chasseurs-cueilleurs d'Afrique du Sud, denommes collectivement Bushmen ou San, continuent a mystifier les observateurs. Tandis que les non-specialistes ont tendance a attribuer les competences exceptionnelles des San au domaine de l'instinct, les anthropologues ont ete en desaccord sur la question pour autant qu'ils se basaient sur des modeles differents adoptes de la psychologie. Il y a plus d'une dec…
Contextual areas” of early Homo sapiens and their significance for human dispersal from Africa into Eurasia between 200 ka and 70 ka
Hunter-gatherer situations
With CHAGS 11 hunter-gatherer studies are likely to enter a phase of institutional consolidation and stability since there is now an international organization that ensures continuity of the conference series and by launching its own journal – also continuity in terms of a multidisciplinary scholarly forum. However, many challenges to the field persist, above all the disempowered life that many contemporary hunting and gathering people are forced…
Potentials and Limitations of Mobile Eye Tracking in Visitor Studies
The main goal of this article is to demonstrate the potentials and limitations of mobile eye tracking (MET) in visitor studies and other social science research. We provide empirical examples of MET research in the context of a comparative study of two exhibitions at two museums in Germany. The article underlines the potentials of MET in combination with other methods and in comparison with conventional forms of observation and interviewing. On t…
Mapping Spatial and Social Permeability
Hunting and gathering
Hunting and gathering constitute the oldest human mode of making a living, and the only one for which there is an uninterrupted record from human origins to the present. Correspondingly, there has been a lot of anthropological attention devoted to hunting and gathering with an initial confidence that one could directly observe human nature by studying hunter-gatherers. More recently, however, anthropologists have grown cautious not to draw analog…
Landscape unbounded
Original Power Pointing
Governance by domination is easy to 'read' for political theory, but what about modes of governance that operate without centralised institutions? Such modes of governance are exemplified in the social relations of San in southern Africa. They rely on deictic practices (most fundamentally, pointing and being pointed at) that remain largely under the analytic radar of political theory. This contribution shows how such practices structure social in…
The universal hunter
Commercial hunters in southern Africa often claim that they have immediate and privileged access to the culture of indigenous hunter-gatherer groups because they share the same subsistence pursuit. In this contribution I challenge these claims on two accounts. First, I highlight that hunting was part and parcel of many different social groups in southern Africa and I outline some of the historical shifts that have occurred to ‘hunting’ as the his…
Living on Mangetti
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Ethnographic Practice in the Present
In its assessment of the current "state of play" of ethnographic practice in social anthropology, this volume explores the challenges that changing social forms and changing understandings of "the field" pose to contemporary ethnographic methods. These challenges include the implications of the remarkable impact social anthropology is having on neighboring disciplines such as history, sociology, cultural studies, human geography and linguistics, …
African Time
The notion that Africans lack a sense of future was extensively debated following John Mbiti's African Religions and Philosophy (1969) and has since entered the scholarly and popular discourse as a fixed topos which we label #African time ('Europeans have watches, Africans have time'). The most recent references to the topos are found in future vision reports of many African states and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that assert and demand …
Sharing
Sharing is a particularly versatile and widespread human practice that features in all domains of life, including religion and politics, family life, and economics. It has a long ethnographic record but it is only recently that it has reached centre stage in social theory and in public awareness. However, not everything that is called ‘sharing’ qualifies as such in a comparative and more technical sense. This entry seeks to distinguish sharing fr…
Moving between camps
This article provides an outline of a theory of hunter-gatherer mobility that synthesizes a diversity of existing ways of explaining forager mobility. The three approaches considered in detail are Optimal Foraging Theory, Decision Tree Modelling and Decision Making Pragmatics. The strengths and weaknesses of these approaches are summarized and examples from hunter-gatherer ethnography are given, in particular with reference to field research with…
Agency, time, and causality
Cognitive Scientists interested in causal cognition increasingly search for evidence from non-WEIRD people but find only very few cross-cultural studies that specifically target causal cognition. This article suggests how information about causality can be retrieved from ethnographic monographs, specifically from ethnographies that discuss agency and concepts of time. Many apparent cultural differences with regard to causal cognition dissolve whe…
Seasonality and schismogenesis
For a socio-cultural anthropology of contemporary hunter-gatherers, The Dawn of Everything (Graeber & Wengrow 2021) provides both good and bad news. It is good news in that it underlines the relevance of hunter-gatherer research for the here and now - beyond early humans and questions of origins. It is bad news insofar as the book proposes that the study of 'hunter-gatherer societies' is not a useful way to carve out a field of research and that …
Seeking Common Cause between Cognitive Science and Ethnography
Alternative logics have been invoked periodically to explain the systematically different modes of thought of the subjects of ethnography: one logic for ‘us’ and another for ‘them’. Recently anthropologists have cast doubt on the tenability of such an explanation of difference. In cognitive science, [Stenning and van Lambalgen, 2008] proposed that with the modern development of multiple logics, at least several logics are required for making sens…
Practice, politics and ideology of the ‘travelling business’ in Aboriginal religion
The Kua
Foragers in Context
Orientation in the Wild
Les competences en matiere d'orientation des chasseurs-cueilleurs d'Afrique du Sud, denommes collectivement Bushmen ou San, continuent a mystifier les observateurs. Tandis que les non-specialistes ont tendance a attribuer les competences exceptionnelles des San au domaine de l'instinct, les anthropologues ont ete en desaccord sur la question pour autant qu'ils se basaient sur des modeles differents adoptes de la psychologie. Il y a plus d'une dec…
Looking Backward while Moving Forward
Mapping Spatial and Social Permeability
Living On Mangetti
The Haiom ‘Bushmen’ of northern Namibia are still a gathering people, living not only on mangetti [nuts] and other wild foods but also on the by-products of the cattle industry on the mangetti farms. Namibian independence in 1990 with its new options has created a dilemma which may result in a loss of autonomous modes of social organization. The personal quality of their social relations relies on a high degree of individual autonomy, cultural di…
The Long Walk IV - Hunter-Gatherers and Anthropology
This interview took place at James Woodburn's home in Cambridge, England, on 30 March 2001, where James has now retired from teaching at the London School of Economics and Political Science. However, on the same day as the interview James drove down to Brighton to attend the ASA conference on `Rights, Claims and Entitlements' held at the University of Sussex. In June 2001 a symposium on `Property and Equality' was held in his honour at the new Ma…
Space and the 'other'
Anthropological work on the life of the hunter-gatherers in the Kalahari has captured the attention of a number of disciplines concerned to understand the human condition. This chapter shows how newly focused ethnography of southern African foragers can contribute to explorations into the anthropology of social experience and to developing fields of interdisciplinary research. Johannes Fabian concluded that neither time nor space is adequately in…
Living on Mangetti
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Sharing by Default
The establishment of moral relativism does not exhaust anthropological comparisons of how people strive for a good life. In this article I suggest that comparative research into ethical systems and moralities can be productively complemented by an anthropology of virtue. Experiences from post-Cold War settings and ethnographic examples from Australia and Namibia illustrate my attempt to outline such an anthropological theory of virtue based on re…
Theoretical Shifts in the Anthropology of Desert Hunter‐Gatherers
This chapter contains section titled: Introduction: Hunter-Gatherer Studies and Anthropological Theory Entering the Field - Leaving the Desert Research Approaches and Comparative Theory A Reflecting Mode of Research An Inflecting Mode of Research Conclusion: Future Shifts References
Speeter-Blaudszun, Sonja
Anthropos , Seite 640 - 640
The temporal dilemma of death
L’un des dilemmes que la mort crée pour les endeuillés concerne le temps. Hertz a montré que la coupure de liens sociaux demande que des rituels puissent étendre le départ d’une personne décédée. Selon Rappaport, les rituels sont aussi un moyen de « numériser » le processus analogique prolongé de pourriture du corps et d’oubli. Dans cet article, j’étudie comment ce dilemme temporel est résolu par des rituels mortuaires dans le nord-ouest de l’Aus…
Landscape unbounded
Good or bad, my heritage
The post-colonial constitutions of Namibia (1990) and of South Africa (1996) in principle allow for ‘indigenous’ or ‘customary’ law within the framework set by constitutional law. Developments in recent years, in particular in the course of debates surrounding the reform of inheritance laws, highlight the problems of integrating customary law with the newly established liberal law of the state. Arguing from an anthropological perspective, this co…
Space and the ‘other’
Potentials and Limitations of Mobile Eye Tracking in Visitor Studies
The main goal of this article is to demonstrate the potentials and limitations of mobile eye tracking (MET) in visitor studies and other social science research. We provide empirical examples of MET research in the context of a comparative study of two exhibitions at two museums in Germany. The article underlines the potentials of MET in combination with other methods and in comparison with conventional forms of observation and interviewing. On t…
Contextual areas” of early Homo sapiens and their significance for human dispersal from Africa into Eurasia between 200 ka and 70 ka
Analogical Problems with Digital Data
Current initiatives of digitally archiving ethnographic and linguistic data promise considerable advantages with regard to longevity and accessibility. This article discusses these ‘digital promises’ in the context of projects funded by recent research programs on endangered languages and cultures. It is argued that far from being merely a new technological tool for preserving data, digital archiving has considerable impact on the ways in which k…
Agency, time, and causality
Cognitive Scientists interested in causal cognition increasingly search for evidence from non-WEIRD people but find only very few cross-cultural studies that specifically target causal cognition. This article suggests how information about causality can be retrieved from ethnographic monographs, specifically from ethnographies that discuss agency and concepts of time. Many apparent cultural differences with regard to causal cognition dissolve whe…
Moving between camps
This article provides an outline of a theory of hunter-gatherer mobility that synthesizes a diversity of existing ways of explaining forager mobility. The three approaches considered in detail are Optimal Foraging Theory, Decision Tree Modelling and Decision Making Pragmatics. The strengths and weaknesses of these approaches are summarized and examples from hunter-gatherer ethnography are given, in particular with reference to field research with…
Hunter-gatherer situations
The universal hunter
Commercial hunters in southern Africa often claim that they have immediate and privileged access to the culture of indigenous hunter-gatherer groups because they share the same subsistence pursuit. In this contribution I challenge these claims on two accounts. First, I highlight that hunting was part and parcel of many different social groups in southern Africa and I outline some of the historical shifts that have occurred to ‘hunting’ as the his…
Hunter-gatherer situations
With CHAGS 11 hunter-gatherer studies are likely to enter a phase of institutional consolidation and stability since there is now an international organization that ensures continuity of the conference series and by launching its own journal – also continuity in terms of a multidisciplinary scholarly forum. However, many challenges to the field persist, above all the disempowered life that many contemporary hunting and gathering people are forced…
Sociology (31 obras) · Geography (17 obras) · Anthropology (14 obras) · Computer Science (13 obras) · Ethnography (13 obras) · Political science (13 obras) · Anthropological Studies and Insights (12 obras) · Philosophy (12 obras) · Epistemology (10 obras) · Archaeology (9 obras)