Hisao Baba
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 137900 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Hisao Baba |
| NOMBRES | Hisao |
| APELLIDO | Baba |
| FIRMA | BABA H |
| AFILIACIONES | National Museum of Nature and Science |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 357 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1976 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Precautions of estimating the brain volume from measurements on the living head
An integrated study of the human skeletal remains discovered in Escalon Cave, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines
We examined fragmentary human skeletal remains from Escalon Cave near Surigao City, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines, with respect to the morphology of bones and teeth, radiocarbon dating, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. These remains contained parts of the left temporal bone, the right humerus, the right femur, the upper right first and second premolars, and the first molar. They are presumed to belong to an early-middle adult ma…
Homo erectus calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications
Ngawi 1 is an undated but well-preserved Homo erectus calvaria from Java. Previous craniometric and morphological studies have shown its similarities to late Javanese H. erectus from Ngandong as well as Sambungmacan (Sm 1 [and Sm 3]). Some researchers emphasize their morphological homogeneity, and suggest that this 'Ngandong/Sambungmacan/Ngawi group' is morphologically distinct from H. erectus from the Early Pleistocene of Sangiran and Trinil, po…
Descriptions of the dental remains of Homo floresiensis
Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during 2002–2004 at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These differe…
Teaching human evolution
初等中等教育の限られた授業時間の中で,生徒たちに人類学および人類進化の本質を理解させ,現在と未来の私たちのあるべき姿を考えるヒントを与えられるような試案を提示した。具体的には,教えるべき理解の要点,教える際の注意点,簡易なストーリー説明,「人間らしさ」を示す最新の研究結果によるトピックを簡略に述べた
Cranial Morphology and Variation of the Earliest Indonesian Hominids
Human skeletal remains from the Tochibara rock-shelter site (Earliest Jomon, Nagano pref., Central Japan), and re-evaluation of the characteristics of the Earliest Jomon people
長野県南佐久郡北相木村の縄文時代早期の地層(8300から8600 BP(未較正))から,12体の人骨(男性4体,女性4体の成人8体,および性別不明の幼児4体)が,1965年から1968年にかけての信州大学医学部解剖学教室を中心とする発掘で出土した。数少ない縄文時代早期人骨として貴重なもので,今回の研究は,これらの人骨の形態を報告し,従来明らかにされている縄文時代早期人骨の特徴を再検討するものである。顔高が低い,大腿骨の柱状性が著しい,歯の摩耗が顕著である,など一般的な縄文人の特徴を示すとともに,早前期人に一般的な「華奢」な特徴も示す。脳頭蓋は大きいが下顎骨は小さく,下顎体は早期人の中でもっとも薄い。下顎骨の筋突起は低いが前方に強く張り出している。上肢は華奢だが,下肢は縄文時代中後晩期人と同様に頑丈である。他の縄文時代早前期人と比較検討した結果,縄文時代早期人の特徴は,従来まとめられているものの若干の改定を含めて,次のように再確認された。1)顔面頭蓋が低い。2)下顎は小さいが,筋突起が前方…
Late Pleistocene modern human mandibles from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, Japan
The Late Pleistocene modern human skeletal remains from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, are important because of their exceptional completeness. This paper presents the first detailed morphological description of the five mandibular specimens from Minatogawa, which probably belong to two male and two female individuals (two of the five specimens likely belong to the same male individual). Intensive metric and non-metric comparisons with the…
New reconstruction and morphological description of a Homo erectus cranium
Craniofacial morphology of Homo floresiensis
New insights on the excavation and chronological status of the Late Pleistocene Minatogawa human fossils from Okinawa Prefecture
港川フィッシャー遺跡からは個体骨4体分を含む「港川人骨」が知られている。人骨と共に採集された木炭片から18250 ± 650 BPと16600 ± 300 BPの未較正14C年代測定値が得られているが,出土情報の詳細が出版されていなかったことから,人骨と年代値との関係は定かでなかった。そこで,今回,現存する調査記録と出土情報を確認・分析し,特に,大山盛保と渡辺直経らによる1970年の「港川人骨」の発掘・採集について可能な限り明らかにした。東京大学に保管されてきた港川フィッシャー遺跡出土の動物骨と人骨に関連して,従来から,番号付きの資料カードが作成されており,出土グリッド,採取年月日,人骨片の部位などが記されている。これらの詳細情報と大山盛保による手記と図,および渡辺直経の記述は互いに整合性が高く,以下のことを確認することができた。1)港川2号・3号・4号人骨は,主として,渡辺が沖縄訪問中の1970年8月21日~23日の間にグリッドA2/A3~C4の範囲から採取・発掘されたものである。2)…
Posterior deformational plagiocephaly properly explains the cranial asymmetries in LB1
Brief communication
If the holotype of Homo floresiensis , LB1, suffered from a severe developmental pathology, this could undermine its status as the holotype of a new species. One of the proposed pathological indicators that still remains untested is asymmetric distortion in the skull of LB1 (Jacob et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 13421–13426). Here, we present evidence that LB1 exhibits antemortem craniofacial deformities that are consistent with posteri…
Significance of Teaching Human Nature in Schools
小中高の生徒たちは,ヒトの成長期間が長いのは多くを学習するためであることを具体的に認識してはいない。個体成長曲線で知られるように,幼児期に急速な脳の成長があり,思春期以降に性的成熟がある。身体全体は,児童期に長い成長遅滞があり,その間に教育効果が上がるようになっている。教育の要素をこのような成長パターンに当てはめてみると,脳成長と身体成長とのズレは知育のため,身体成長と性的成熟のズレは徳育のためである。この二つのズレを実際の教育・学習によって適切に充填しないと,まともな自己実現は出来ない。このように手間はかかるが最終的に優れた適応力を発揮するライフヒストリーこそ人間性の中核であり,それが人類進化の過程でいかに獲得されたかを普及させるのは,人類学研究者の責務であろう
A new Homo erectus molar from Sangiran
Education of Physical Anthropology in Primary, Juniour High and High Schools in Japan
A Dwarf Child Skeleton from Youda Minamippara Site
神奈川県藤沢市用田に所在する用田南原遺跡において,近世の土坑墓から小人症(侏儒)を示す4才前後の幼児人骨が出土した。本人骨は,保存状態はやや不良であるが,全身各部に渡って保存されているため,ある程度正確な観察と診断が可能であった。本幼児の四肢骨は著しく短く,長骨における軟骨形成の異常による長軸成長障害があったことは明らかである。椎骨は全体的に小さく,歯突起の低形成や腰椎の楔状椎化も認められた。顔面頭蓋には,保存されている部分に関する限り変形が見られなかった。このような形態的特徴や死亡年齢から判断すると,本人骨の症状は軟骨無形成症よりもむしろ先天性脊椎骨端異形成症に該当する可能性が高い。先天性脊椎骨端異形成症は比較的稀な疾患であり,古人骨においては世界でも1例しか報告されていない。日本においては,これまでに古人骨の小人症の報告例はなく,本人骨は初の報告例であるとともに,軟骨無形成症との鑑別などの点において,極めて興味深い古病理学的症例である
Taxonomic affinities and evolutionary history of the early Pleistocene hominids of Java
Temporal changes, within‐group variation, and phylogenetic positions of the Early Pleistocene Javanese hominids remain unclear. Recent debate focused on the age of the oldest Javanese hominids, but the argument so far includes little morphological basis for the fossils. To approach these questions, we analyzed a comprehensive dentognathic sample from Sangiran, which includes most of the existing hominid mandibles and teeth from the Early Pleistoc…
Hominid Mandibular Remains from Sangiran
Eight hominid mandibular and associated dental remains discovered between 1952–1986 from the Early Pleistocene deposits of Sangiran, Central Java, are described. Although the specimens are surface finds, their original stratigraphic positions can be reasonably inferred on the basis of coincidental sources of information. These specimens significantly increase the dento‐gnathic sample available for intensive morphological investigation of the earl…
Frontal bone fragment ofHomo erectus from Sangiran, Java
Homo erectus Calvarium from the Pleistocene of Java
A Homo erectus calvarium [Sambungmacan 4 (Sm 4)] was recovered from Pleistocene sediments at Sambungmacan in central Java. Micro–computed tomography analysis shows a modern human–like cranial base flexion associated with a low platycephalic vault, implying that the evolution of human cranial globularity was independent of cranial base flexion. The overall morphology of Sm 4 is intermediate between that of earlier and later Javanese Homo erectus ;…
Preliminary Observation of a New Cranium of Homo erectus (Tjg-1993.05) from Sangiran, Central Jawa
In May of 1993, a new well-preserved hominid skull was recovered from the Bapang (Kabuh) Formation of the Sangiran region, Central Jawa. In this paper, we provisionally describe the skull and compare it with Homo erectus crania from Jawa and China. The new skull possesses a series of characteristic features of Asian H. erectus in overall size and shape of the vault, the expression of various ectocranial structures, and other details. Among three …
A new hominid incisor from Sangiran, Central Java
Minatogawa Hominid Fossils and the Evolution of Late Pleistocene Humans in East Asia
In order to understand the origins of Japanese people, this paper deals with the skull morphology of Late Pleistocene human fossils in Eastern Asia. After the Minatogawa 1 skull, the most complete Japanese Pleistocene fossil human skull now available, is described, a functional interpretation of the evidence is presented. The Minatogawa 1 skull exhibits many archaic features, which mainly relate to masticatory adaptation. When the Minatogawa 1 sk…
Food in mammals, primetes, and humans
ヒトの足の構造を理解するために、陸上哺乳類のロコモーション適応の歴史を比較機能形態学的に分析した。その結果、ヒトの足は第1指の巨大な点で樹上適応の歴史を示すものの、現時点では抗重力的な構造を持ち、速歩に適応しているとみなすことができる
Taxonomic affinities and evolutionary history of the early Pleistocene hominids of Java
Temporal changes, within‐group variation, and phylogenetic positions of the Early Pleistocene Javanese hominids remain unclear. Recent debate focused on the age of the oldest Javanese hominids, but the argument so far includes little morphological basis for the fossils. To approach these questions, we analyzed a comprehensive dentognathic sample from Sangiran, which includes most of the existing hominid mandibles and teeth from the Early Pleistoc…
Hominid Mandibular Remains from Sangiran
Eight hominid mandibular and associated dental remains discovered between 1952–1986 from the Early Pleistocene deposits of Sangiran, Central Java, are described. Although the specimens are surface finds, their original stratigraphic positions can be reasonably inferred on the basis of coincidental sources of information. These specimens significantly increase the dento‐gnathic sample available for intensive morphological investigation of the earl…
Craniofacial morphology of Homo floresiensis
Late Pleistocene modern human mandibles from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, Japan
The Late Pleistocene modern human skeletal remains from the Minatogawa Fissure site, Okinawa, are important because of their exceptional completeness. This paper presents the first detailed morphological description of the five mandibular specimens from Minatogawa, which probably belong to two male and two female individuals (two of the five specimens likely belong to the same male individual). Intensive metric and non-metric comparisons with the…
Minatogawa Hominid Fossils and the Evolution of Late Pleistocene Humans in East Asia
In order to understand the origins of Japanese people, this paper deals with the skull morphology of Late Pleistocene human fossils in Eastern Asia. After the Minatogawa 1 skull, the most complete Japanese Pleistocene fossil human skull now available, is described, a functional interpretation of the evidence is presented. The Minatogawa 1 skull exhibits many archaic features, which mainly relate to masticatory adaptation. When the Minatogawa 1 sk…
New reconstruction and morphological description of a Homo erectus cranium
Descriptions of the dental remains of Homo floresiensis
Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during 2002–2004 at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These differe…
Preliminary Observation of a New Cranium of Homo erectus (Tjg-1993.05) from Sangiran, Central Jawa
In May of 1993, a new well-preserved hominid skull was recovered from the Bapang (Kabuh) Formation of the Sangiran region, Central Jawa. In this paper, we provisionally describe the skull and compare it with Homo erectus crania from Jawa and China. The new skull possesses a series of characteristic features of Asian H. erectus in overall size and shape of the vault, the expression of various ectocranial structures, and other details. Among three …
Homo erectus calvaria from Ngawi (Java) and its evolutionary implications
Ngawi 1 is an undated but well-preserved Homo erectus calvaria from Java. Previous craniometric and morphological studies have shown its similarities to late Javanese H. erectus from Ngandong as well as Sambungmacan (Sm 1 [and Sm 3]). Some researchers emphasize their morphological homogeneity, and suggest that this 'Ngandong/Sambungmacan/Ngawi group' is morphologically distinct from H. erectus from the Early Pleistocene of Sangiran and Trinil, po…
Brief communication
If the holotype of Homo floresiensis , LB1, suffered from a severe developmental pathology, this could undermine its status as the holotype of a new species. One of the proposed pathological indicators that still remains untested is asymmetric distortion in the skull of LB1 (Jacob et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 13421–13426). Here, we present evidence that LB1 exhibits antemortem craniofacial deformities that are consistent with posteri…
A new hominid incisor from Sangiran, Central Java
Posterior deformational plagiocephaly properly explains the cranial asymmetries in LB1
Morphological Investigation of Innominate Bones from Pleistocene in Japan with Special Reference to the Akashi Man
All the human male innominate bones seemingly from the Pleistocene age were morphologically investigated based on the recent advances in knowledge. New measurement methods were applied to these innominates as well as the available fossil innomimate casts and Recent Japanese innominates for comparison. For this measurement and observation new casts were made from all the fossils and restored so as to presume the whole form of the ilium. Some of th…
A new Homo erectus molar from Sangiran
New insights on the excavation and chronological status of the Late Pleistocene Minatogawa human fossils from Okinawa Prefecture
港川フィッシャー遺跡からは個体骨4体分を含む「港川人骨」が知られている。人骨と共に採集された木炭片から18250 ± 650 BPと16600 ± 300 BPの未較正14C年代測定値が得られているが,出土情報の詳細が出版されていなかったことから,人骨と年代値との関係は定かでなかった。そこで,今回,現存する調査記録と出土情報を確認・分析し,特に,大山盛保と渡辺直経らによる1970年の「港川人骨」の発掘・採集について可能な限り明らかにした。東京大学に保管されてきた港川フィッシャー遺跡出土の動物骨と人骨に関連して,従来から,番号付きの資料カードが作成されており,出土グリッド,採取年月日,人骨片の部位などが記されている。これらの詳細情報と大山盛保による手記と図,および渡辺直経の記述は互いに整合性が高く,以下のことを確認することができた。1)港川2号・3号・4号人骨は,主として,渡辺が沖縄訪問中の1970年8月21日~23日の間にグリッドA2/A3~C4の範囲から採取・発掘されたものである。2)…
Discovery of Fossil Homo sapiens from Cho chen in Taiwan
Right and left parietal fragments were found on the river floor of Chai-liao river in Cho-chen, Taiwan. They are considered to be derived from the gravel bed between Tainan formation (middle Holocene) and Kicho formation (middle Villafrancian). They are well fossilized with density of 2.58 (right parietal fragment), brown coloured, lustrous and slightly weathered. The right parietal fragment is thought to have belonged to a young individual, by i…
Significance of Teaching Human Nature in Schools
小中高の生徒たちは,ヒトの成長期間が長いのは多くを学習するためであることを具体的に認識してはいない。個体成長曲線で知られるように,幼児期に急速な脳の成長があり,思春期以降に性的成熟がある。身体全体は,児童期に長い成長遅滞があり,その間に教育効果が上がるようになっている。教育の要素をこのような成長パターンに当てはめてみると,脳成長と身体成長とのズレは知育のため,身体成長と性的成熟のズレは徳育のためである。この二つのズレを実際の教育・学習によって適切に充填しないと,まともな自己実現は出来ない。このように手間はかかるが最終的に優れた適応力を発揮するライフヒストリーこそ人間性の中核であり,それが人類進化の過程でいかに獲得されたかを普及させるのは,人類学研究者の責務であろう
Discovery of Fossil Homo sapiens from Cho chen in Taiwan
Right and left parietal fragments were found on the river floor of Chai-liao river in Cho-chen, Taiwan. They are considered to be derived from the gravel bed between Tainan formation (middle Holocene) and Kicho formation (middle Villafrancian). They are well fossilized with density of 2.58 (right parietal fragment), brown coloured, lustrous and slightly weathered. The right parietal fragment is thought to have belonged to a young individual, by i…
Morphological Investigation of Innominate Bones from Pleistocene in Japan with Special Reference to the Akashi Man
All the human male innominate bones seemingly from the Pleistocene age were morphologically investigated based on the recent advances in knowledge. New measurement methods were applied to these innominates as well as the available fossil innomimate casts and Recent Japanese innominates for comparison. For this measurement and observation new casts were made from all the fossils and restored so as to presume the whole form of the ilium. Some of th…
A Case of Abnormal Temporomandibular Joint and Dental Attrition in Protohistoric Female Skeleton from Tozukayama Mound in Yonezawa, Northern Japan
In 1982, a female skeleton was excavated from protohistoric scallop-shaped (small square front with circular rear) mound. This skeleton generally shows typical characters as those from the same age (BABA et al., 1983). There, however, can be seen abnormal temporomandibular joint and dental attrition.The articular surface of the mandibular fossa is extended postero-inferiorly onto the tympanic plate (Plate I, Fig. I-B). A corresponding facet is se…
An Evidence of Right-handedness found in a Protohistoric (Kofun Age) Skeletal Remain
In 1980, a young male skeletal remain was unearthed in a Protohistoric grave in Mibu, Tochigi Prefecture, East Japan (Fig. 1). The bones show commonly robust structure in compare with his moderate stature.A unilateral hypertrophy of the clavicle was seen in this skeleton, that is, the right clavicle is much thicker than the left (Fig. 2, 3) and those of the average Japanese males for comparison (Table 1). On the other hand, the left one is slight…
Reply to the Criticism 2 by Yoshioka concerned with the Akashi innominate
B. ENDO and the author had concluded that the morphological characters of the Akashi innominate were modern in every repect (cf. Fig. 5), in a previous report dealing with the Pleistocene innominates in Japan (ENDO and BABA 1982). Later on, NAORA (1983) and YOSHIOKA (1983) criticized our conclusions. We replied that their arguments were based on various misunderstandings (ENDO and BABA 1984).Recently, YOSHIOKA (1984) again criticized our previous…
Commentary on the Critical Views Concerned with the Akashi Man
In 1982, we published a paper dealing with the morphology of the human innominate bones from the Pleistocene in Japan (ENDO and BABA, 1982). As a part of the results of our investigation, it was concluded that the Akashi innominate is morphologically very modern unlike other specimens and that it must be of a Holocene Sapiens. Recently, NAORA (1983) and YOSHIOKA (1983) criticized these conclusions from various viewpoints.However, as far as the mo…
Examination of Nonmetrical Characters of the Form of Innominate Bones from Pleistocene in Japan
The nonmetrical characters of the principal items defined in this study are observed and described on five innominates discovered from the Pleistocene deposits in Japan. They are compared with various fossil innominate casts and recent Japanese innominates. The character of each item is expressed by thesuccessive categories also defined in this study to enable objective comparisons and nonparametric statistics, which will be shown in Part II. The…
Morphological Data on the Skeleton of a Giant Sumo Wrestler, the Late Mr. Dewagatake
Craniometrical and osteometrical data on the skeleton of a sumo wrestler with gigantism are listed in tables. Photographs and radiographs of bones are also shown in plates
Examination of nonmetrical characters of the form of innominate bones from Pleistocene in Japan. Part II. Nonparametric statistical analysis
In order to examine the characteristics and the evolutionary stage of innominates from Pleistocene in Japan, the nonmetrical characters of Japanese Pleistocene innominates and of various other innominates ranging from the Australopithecus to the Recent Sapiens stage were observed and classified into successive categories for each item in Part I. The characteristics of Japanese Pleistocene innominates were already clarified in Part I. In this part…
Morphological Study on the Skeleton of a Giant Sumo Wrestler, the Late Mr. Dewagatake
The Skeleton of a giant sumo wrestler, the late Mr. B. Dewagatake (1901-1950), who suffered from gigantism (205cm in maximum stature) with adenoma of the anterior lobe of pituitary gland, was craniologically and osteologically examined.Despite the normal endocranial capacity of 1550ml, the calvaria, as a whole, is extremely large in size, especially in sagittal and transversal directions, but it remains almost normal in vertical (Fig. 1).Bones of…
An Infant Skeleton from Usuiso Shell-mounds in Jomon Period
This is the first full description of an infant Jomon (Neolithic) skeleton, which was excavated in 1982 from the Usuiso shell-mounds site in Fukushima Prefecture, northeast Japan. Archeologically the shellmounds are presumed to be formed mainly in the Latest Jomon period.The age of this skeleton was estimated at about 10 years based on the sequence of permanent tooth eruption. Its sex is unknown. Compared to the average adult, the relative sizes …
Food in mammals, primetes, and humans
ヒトの足の構造を理解するために、陸上哺乳類のロコモーション適応の歴史を比較機能形態学的に分析した。その結果、ヒトの足は第1指の巨大な点で樹上適応の歴史を示すものの、現時点では抗重力的な構造を持ち、速歩に適応しているとみなすことができる
Minatogawa Hominid Fossils and the Evolution of Late Pleistocene Humans in East Asia
In order to understand the origins of Japanese people, this paper deals with the skull morphology of Late Pleistocene human fossils in Eastern Asia. After the Minatogawa 1 skull, the most complete Japanese Pleistocene fossil human skull now available, is described, a functional interpretation of the evidence is presented. The Minatogawa 1 skull exhibits many archaic features, which mainly relate to masticatory adaptation. When the Minatogawa 1 sk…
A new hominid incisor from Sangiran, Central Java
Preliminary Observation of a New Cranium of Homo erectus (Tjg-1993.05) from Sangiran, Central Jawa
In May of 1993, a new well-preserved hominid skull was recovered from the Bapang (Kabuh) Formation of the Sangiran region, Central Jawa. In this paper, we provisionally describe the skull and compare it with Homo erectus crania from Jawa and China. The new skull possesses a series of characteristic features of Asian H. erectus in overall size and shape of the vault, the expression of various ectocranial structures, and other details. Among three …
Homo erectus Calvarium from the Pleistocene of Java
A Homo erectus calvarium [Sambungmacan 4 (Sm 4)] was recovered from Pleistocene sediments at Sambungmacan in central Java. Micro–computed tomography analysis shows a modern human–like cranial base flexion associated with a low platycephalic vault, implying that the evolution of human cranial globularity was independent of cranial base flexion. The overall morphology of Sm 4 is intermediate between that of earlier and later Javanese Homo erectus ;…
Frontal bone fragment ofHomo erectus from Sangiran, Java
Taxonomic affinities and evolutionary history of the early Pleistocene hominids of Java
Temporal changes, within‐group variation, and phylogenetic positions of the Early Pleistocene Javanese hominids remain unclear. Recent debate focused on the age of the oldest Javanese hominids, but the argument so far includes little morphological basis for the fossils. To approach these questions, we analyzed a comprehensive dentognathic sample from Sangiran, which includes most of the existing hominid mandibles and teeth from the Early Pleistoc…
Hominid Mandibular Remains from Sangiran
Eight hominid mandibular and associated dental remains discovered between 1952–1986 from the Early Pleistocene deposits of Sangiran, Central Java, are described. Although the specimens are surface finds, their original stratigraphic positions can be reasonably inferred on the basis of coincidental sources of information. These specimens significantly increase the dento‐gnathic sample available for intensive morphological investigation of the earl…
A Dwarf Child Skeleton from Youda Minamippara Site
神奈川県藤沢市用田に所在する用田南原遺跡において,近世の土坑墓から小人症(侏儒)を示す4才前後の幼児人骨が出土した。本人骨は,保存状態はやや不良であるが,全身各部に渡って保存されているため,ある程度正確な観察と診断が可能であった。本幼児の四肢骨は著しく短く,長骨における軟骨形成の異常による長軸成長障害があったことは明らかである。椎骨は全体的に小さく,歯突起の低形成や腰椎の楔状椎化も認められた。顔面頭蓋には,保存されている部分に関する限り変形が見られなかった。このような形態的特徴や死亡年齢から判断すると,本人骨の症状は軟骨無形成症よりもむしろ先天性脊椎骨端異形成症に該当する可能性が高い。先天性脊椎骨端異形成症は比較的稀な疾患であり,古人骨においては世界でも1例しか報告されていない。日本においては,これまでに古人骨の小人症の報告例はなく,本人骨は初の報告例であるとともに,軟骨無形成症との鑑別などの点において,極めて興味深い古病理学的症例である
A new Homo erectus molar from Sangiran
Education of Physical Anthropology in Primary, Juniour High and High Schools in Japan
Significance of Teaching Human Nature in Schools
小中高の生徒たちは,ヒトの成長期間が長いのは多くを学習するためであることを具体的に認識してはいない。個体成長曲線で知られるように,幼児期に急速な脳の成長があり,思春期以降に性的成熟がある。身体全体は,児童期に長い成長遅滞があり,その間に教育効果が上がるようになっている。教育の要素をこのような成長パターンに当てはめてみると,脳成長と身体成長とのズレは知育のため,身体成長と性的成熟のズレは徳育のためである。この二つのズレを実際の教育・学習によって適切に充填しないと,まともな自己実現は出来ない。このように手間はかかるが最終的に優れた適応力を発揮するライフヒストリーこそ人間性の中核であり,それが人類進化の過程でいかに獲得されたかを普及させるのは,人類学研究者の責務であろう
Brief communication
If the holotype of Homo floresiensis , LB1, suffered from a severe developmental pathology, this could undermine its status as the holotype of a new species. One of the proposed pathological indicators that still remains untested is asymmetric distortion in the skull of LB1 (Jacob et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 (2006) 13421–13426). Here, we present evidence that LB1 exhibits antemortem craniofacial deformities that are consistent with posteri…
Posterior deformational plagiocephaly properly explains the cranial asymmetries in LB1
Biology (25 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (21 obras) · Geography (20 obras) · Paleontology (20 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (20 obras) · Archaeology (17 obras) · Pleistocene (17 obras) · Anatomy (15 obras) · Anatomy (13 obras) · Evolutionary biology (13 obras)