Richard A Lazenby
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 138423 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Richard A Lazenby |
| NOMBRES | Richard A |
| APELLIDO | Lazenby |
| FIRMA | LAZENBY R A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Northern British Columbia |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 16 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 128 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 16 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1985 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2016 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Trabecular architecture in the thumb of Pan and Homo
OBJECTIVES: Humans display an 85-95% cross-cultural right-hand bias in skilled tasks, which is considered a derived behavior because such a high frequency is not reported in wild non-human primates. Handedness is generally considered to be an evolutionary byproduct of selection for manual dexterity and augmented visuo-cognitive capabilities within the context of complex stone tool manufacture/use. Testing this hypothesis requires an understanding…
Cortical bone mass and geometry
Age change in bone strength is systemically controlled and homeostatic, but change in bone mass may vary with limb-specific mechanical environment, particularly in females. However, the distribution of within-individual divergence between femur and metacarpal values suggests that idiosyncratic factors, rather than age, have the strongest influence on intraskeletal divergence. Attempts to reconstruct skeletal ageing in past populations may benefit…
Metacarpal trabecular architecture variation in the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )
Trabecular architecture was assessed by 3D micro‐computed tomography from spherical volumes of interest located within the head and base of metacarpals (MC) 1, 2, and 5 from n = 19 adult common chimpanzees. Two subspecies, West African Pan troglodytes verus from the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire ( n = 12) and Central African P. t. troglodytes from Cameroon ( n = 7), were studied. For the combined sample, the metacarpal head is distinguished by greate…
Scaling VOI size in 3D μCT studies of trabecular bone
For comparative 3D μCT studies of trabecular bone, the use of a volume of interest (VOI) scaled to body size may avoid over‐sampling the trabecular mass in smaller versus larger‐bodied taxa and comparison of regions that are not functionally homologous (Fajardo and Müller: Am J Phys Anthropol 115 ( 2001 ) 327–336), though the influence on quantitative analyses using scaled versus nonscaled VOIs remains poorly characterized. We compare trabecular …
Articular constraint, handedness, and directional asymmetry in the human second metacarpal
Prediction of cross‐sectional geometry from metacarpal radiogrammetry
Regression models have been developed to adjust algebraic estimates of second metacarpal cortical bone geometry to actual values (as determined through invasive analysis). These models, derived from an archaeological sample of European origin, have high efficacy in predicting actual values but have not been validated on non‐European samples. This paper reports a validation study for these models applied to a historic/proto‐historic sample of Inui…
Population variation in second metacarpal sexual size dimorphism
This paper contrasts levels of sexual size dimorphism in second metacarpal osteometric and geometric morphology in two bioculturally distinctive populations: 19th century Euro‐Canadian settlers, and proto/historic central Canadian Inuit. Significant within‐group sexual size dimorphism is found for all variables, though few show significant interpopulation differences. However, in every case the Euro‐Canadian sample is more dimorphic than the Inui…
Osteometric variation in the Inuit second metacarpal
Bergmann's and Allen's Rules predict a relationship between climate and morphology as a thermoregulatory adaptation. These ecogeographic principles predict/explain change in the ratio of body surface area to body mass in hot and cold climates. With regard to Allen's Rule we would expect short and relatively broad limb proportions. Such adaptation should be observable in skeletal architecture. This paper provides a test of Allen's Rule using osteo…
Second metacarpal cross-sectional geometry
Radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal has long served as a measure of normal and abnormal bone growth and aging, functional asymmetry, and fracture risk in osteoporosis. The method relies on algebraic interpretation (circular or elliptical models) of uni- or biplanar radiographic images. This paper tests the conformance of these models with actual measures of metacarpal geometric variation in a sample of 356 bones from an historic archaeologica…
Second metacarpal midshaft geometry in an historic cemetery sample
Study of bone mass at the second metacarpal midshaft has contributed to our understanding of skeletal growth and aging within and between populations and has relied extensively on noninvasive techniques and in particular radiogrammetric data. This study reports age, sex, and side variation in size and shape data acquired from direct measurement of cross-sections obtained from a large (n = 356), homogeneous skeletal sample. Correlation analysis an…
Second metacarpal midshaft geometry in an historic cemetery sample
Study of bone mass at the second metacarpal midshaft has contributed to our understanding of skeletal growth and aging within and between populations and has relied extensively on noninvasive techniques and in particular radiogrammetric data. This study reports age, sex, and side variation in size and shape data acquired from direct measurement of cross-sections obtained from a large (n = 356), homogeneous skeletal sample. Correlation analysis an…
Bone loss, traditional diet, and cold adaptation in Arctic populations
North American Inuit and Inupiat (“Eskimo”) populations have been described as having a lower bone mass relative to Caucasians as a consequence of their traditional high-protein “acid-ash” diet. However, this bone buffering mechanism has also been implicated as a risk factor for osteoporosis in industrialized Caucasian populations, and one recent study has found a positive association between dietary protein, and bone mass in premenopausal women.…
Non‐circular geometry and radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal
Traditional radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal mid‐shaft reconstructs cortical cross‐sectional geometry from mediolateral (ML) linear dimensions based on a circular model. However, comparison of antero‐posterior (AP) versus mediolateral radiographic dimensions in a sample of paired metacarpals shows that AP total and medullary widths typically exceed ML widths by 5% to 10%. As well, in 13% of males and 25% of females, the two metacarpals are…
Continuing periosteal apposition II
It is generally presumed that compensation for the reduction of bone strength by progressive endosteal bone loss in adults is provided by continuing periosteal apposition (CPA) of new lamellar bone. However, the appropriate magnitude of compensatory bone growth, and the parameters that operate to determine that magnitude, are unknown. This paper examines the mechanical compensation hypothesis in a series of right‐circular tubular bone analogues. …
Continuing periosteal apposition I
Continuing periosteal apposition (CPA) of small amounts of new lamellar bone, leading to absolutely larger size, has been identified in a number of adult cranial and postcranial bones. This paper reviews 42 studies published since 1964 that have found both significant and nonsignificant age‐related change in various skeletal size dimensions, e.g., length, diameter, width, and area. Also considered are four hypotheses that have, or may be, postula…
Salmon and Malnutrition on the Northwest Coast
Continuing periosteal apposition II
It is generally presumed that compensation for the reduction of bone strength by progressive endosteal bone loss in adults is provided by continuing periosteal apposition (CPA) of new lamellar bone. However, the appropriate magnitude of compensatory bone growth, and the parameters that operate to determine that magnitude, are unknown. This paper examines the mechanical compensation hypothesis in a series of right‐circular tubular bone analogues. …
Scaling VOI size in 3D μCT studies of trabecular bone
For comparative 3D μCT studies of trabecular bone, the use of a volume of interest (VOI) scaled to body size may avoid over‐sampling the trabecular mass in smaller versus larger‐bodied taxa and comparison of regions that are not functionally homologous (Fajardo and Müller: Am J Phys Anthropol 115 ( 2001 ) 327–336), though the influence on quantitative analyses using scaled versus nonscaled VOIs remains poorly characterized. We compare trabecular …
Continuing periosteal apposition I
Continuing periosteal apposition (CPA) of small amounts of new lamellar bone, leading to absolutely larger size, has been identified in a number of adult cranial and postcranial bones. This paper reviews 42 studies published since 1964 that have found both significant and nonsignificant age‐related change in various skeletal size dimensions, e.g., length, diameter, width, and area. Also considered are four hypotheses that have, or may be, postula…
Articular constraint, handedness, and directional asymmetry in the human second metacarpal
Metacarpal trabecular architecture variation in the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )
Trabecular architecture was assessed by 3D micro‐computed tomography from spherical volumes of interest located within the head and base of metacarpals (MC) 1, 2, and 5 from n = 19 adult common chimpanzees. Two subspecies, West African Pan troglodytes verus from the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire ( n = 12) and Central African P. t. troglodytes from Cameroon ( n = 7), were studied. For the combined sample, the metacarpal head is distinguished by greate…
Trabecular architecture in the thumb of Pan and Homo
OBJECTIVES: Humans display an 85-95% cross-cultural right-hand bias in skilled tasks, which is considered a derived behavior because such a high frequency is not reported in wild non-human primates. Handedness is generally considered to be an evolutionary byproduct of selection for manual dexterity and augmented visuo-cognitive capabilities within the context of complex stone tool manufacture/use. Testing this hypothesis requires an understanding…
Salmon and Malnutrition on the Northwest Coast
Population variation in second metacarpal sexual size dimorphism
This paper contrasts levels of sexual size dimorphism in second metacarpal osteometric and geometric morphology in two bioculturally distinctive populations: 19th century Euro‐Canadian settlers, and proto/historic central Canadian Inuit. Significant within‐group sexual size dimorphism is found for all variables, though few show significant interpopulation differences. However, in every case the Euro‐Canadian sample is more dimorphic than the Inui…
Non‐circular geometry and radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal
Traditional radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal mid‐shaft reconstructs cortical cross‐sectional geometry from mediolateral (ML) linear dimensions based on a circular model. However, comparison of antero‐posterior (AP) versus mediolateral radiographic dimensions in a sample of paired metacarpals shows that AP total and medullary widths typically exceed ML widths by 5% to 10%. As well, in 13% of males and 25% of females, the two metacarpals are…
Salmon and Malnutrition on the Northwest Coast
Continuing periosteal apposition II
It is generally presumed that compensation for the reduction of bone strength by progressive endosteal bone loss in adults is provided by continuing periosteal apposition (CPA) of new lamellar bone. However, the appropriate magnitude of compensatory bone growth, and the parameters that operate to determine that magnitude, are unknown. This paper examines the mechanical compensation hypothesis in a series of right‐circular tubular bone analogues. …
Continuing periosteal apposition I
Continuing periosteal apposition (CPA) of small amounts of new lamellar bone, leading to absolutely larger size, has been identified in a number of adult cranial and postcranial bones. This paper reviews 42 studies published since 1964 that have found both significant and nonsignificant age‐related change in various skeletal size dimensions, e.g., length, diameter, width, and area. Also considered are four hypotheses that have, or may be, postula…
Non‐circular geometry and radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal
Traditional radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal mid‐shaft reconstructs cortical cross‐sectional geometry from mediolateral (ML) linear dimensions based on a circular model. However, comparison of antero‐posterior (AP) versus mediolateral radiographic dimensions in a sample of paired metacarpals shows that AP total and medullary widths typically exceed ML widths by 5% to 10%. As well, in 13% of males and 25% of females, the two metacarpals are…
Bone loss, traditional diet, and cold adaptation in Arctic populations
North American Inuit and Inupiat (“Eskimo”) populations have been described as having a lower bone mass relative to Caucasians as a consequence of their traditional high-protein “acid-ash” diet. However, this bone buffering mechanism has also been implicated as a risk factor for osteoporosis in industrialized Caucasian populations, and one recent study has found a positive association between dietary protein, and bone mass in premenopausal women.…
Second metacarpal cross-sectional geometry
Radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal has long served as a measure of normal and abnormal bone growth and aging, functional asymmetry, and fracture risk in osteoporosis. The method relies on algebraic interpretation (circular or elliptical models) of uni- or biplanar radiographic images. This paper tests the conformance of these models with actual measures of metacarpal geometric variation in a sample of 356 bones from an historic archaeologica…
Second metacarpal midshaft geometry in an historic cemetery sample
Study of bone mass at the second metacarpal midshaft has contributed to our understanding of skeletal growth and aging within and between populations and has relied extensively on noninvasive techniques and in particular radiogrammetric data. This study reports age, sex, and side variation in size and shape data acquired from direct measurement of cross-sections obtained from a large (n = 356), homogeneous skeletal sample. Correlation analysis an…
Second metacarpal midshaft geometry in an historic cemetery sample
Study of bone mass at the second metacarpal midshaft has contributed to our understanding of skeletal growth and aging within and between populations and has relied extensively on noninvasive techniques and in particular radiogrammetric data. This study reports age, sex, and side variation in size and shape data acquired from direct measurement of cross-sections obtained from a large (n = 356), homogeneous skeletal sample. Correlation analysis an…
Osteometric variation in the Inuit second metacarpal
Bergmann's and Allen's Rules predict a relationship between climate and morphology as a thermoregulatory adaptation. These ecogeographic principles predict/explain change in the ratio of body surface area to body mass in hot and cold climates. With regard to Allen's Rule we would expect short and relatively broad limb proportions. Such adaptation should be observable in skeletal architecture. This paper provides a test of Allen's Rule using osteo…
Prediction of cross‐sectional geometry from metacarpal radiogrammetry
Regression models have been developed to adjust algebraic estimates of second metacarpal cortical bone geometry to actual values (as determined through invasive analysis). These models, derived from an archaeological sample of European origin, have high efficacy in predicting actual values but have not been validated on non‐European samples. This paper reports a validation study for these models applied to a historic/proto‐historic sample of Inui…
Population variation in second metacarpal sexual size dimorphism
This paper contrasts levels of sexual size dimorphism in second metacarpal osteometric and geometric morphology in two bioculturally distinctive populations: 19th century Euro‐Canadian settlers, and proto/historic central Canadian Inuit. Significant within‐group sexual size dimorphism is found for all variables, though few show significant interpopulation differences. However, in every case the Euro‐Canadian sample is more dimorphic than the Inui…
Articular constraint, handedness, and directional asymmetry in the human second metacarpal
Cortical bone mass and geometry
Age change in bone strength is systemically controlled and homeostatic, but change in bone mass may vary with limb-specific mechanical environment, particularly in females. However, the distribution of within-individual divergence between femur and metacarpal values suggests that idiosyncratic factors, rather than age, have the strongest influence on intraskeletal divergence. Attempts to reconstruct skeletal ageing in past populations may benefit…
Metacarpal trabecular architecture variation in the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes )
Trabecular architecture was assessed by 3D micro‐computed tomography from spherical volumes of interest located within the head and base of metacarpals (MC) 1, 2, and 5 from n = 19 adult common chimpanzees. Two subspecies, West African Pan troglodytes verus from the Taï Forest, Côte d'Ivoire ( n = 12) and Central African P. t. troglodytes from Cameroon ( n = 7), were studied. For the combined sample, the metacarpal head is distinguished by greate…
Scaling VOI size in 3D μCT studies of trabecular bone
For comparative 3D μCT studies of trabecular bone, the use of a volume of interest (VOI) scaled to body size may avoid over‐sampling the trabecular mass in smaller versus larger‐bodied taxa and comparison of regions that are not functionally homologous (Fajardo and Müller: Am J Phys Anthropol 115 ( 2001 ) 327–336), though the influence on quantitative analyses using scaled versus nonscaled VOIs remains poorly characterized. We compare trabecular …
Trabecular architecture in the thumb of Pan and Homo
OBJECTIVES: Humans display an 85-95% cross-cultural right-hand bias in skilled tasks, which is considered a derived behavior because such a high frequency is not reported in wild non-human primates. Handedness is generally considered to be an evolutionary byproduct of selection for manual dexterity and augmented visuo-cognitive capabilities within the context of complex stone tool manufacture/use. Testing this hypothesis requires an understanding…
Medicine (11 obras) · Anatomy (9 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (9 obras) · Biology (8 obras) · Mathematics (8 obras) · Anatomy (7 obras) · Geography (6 obras) · Morphological variations and asymmetry (6 obras) · Orthodontics (6 obras) · Orthodontics (5 obras)