Sofia Gruskin
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1446016 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Sofia Gruskin |
| NOMBRES | Sofia |
| APELLIDO | Gruskin |
| FIRMA | GRUSKIN S |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Southern California |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2418-011X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 79 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 293 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 76 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1994 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Equity in decline
box Equity in a world of declining resources poses unique challenges and requires rethinking traditional models of fairness and resource distribution
Human Rights at the Intersections
At a time when states are increasingly hostile to the international rights regime, human rights activists have turned to non-state and sub-state actors to begin the implementation of human rights law. This complicates the conventional analysis of relationships between local actors, global norms, and cosmopolitanism. The contributions in this open access collection examine the “lived realities of human rights” and critically engage with debates on…
Reimagining human rights in global health
Background Data suggest that immunomodulation induced by DNA hypomethylating agents can sensitize tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We conducted a phase 1 dose-escalation trial (NCT02998567) of guadecitabine and pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. We hypothesized that guadecitabine will overcome pembrolizumab resistance. Methods Patients received guadecitabine (45 mg/m 2 or 30 mg/m 2 , administered subcutaneously on days 1…
Equity without human rights
As of 24 June, about 22.35% of the world population have been vaccinated against COVID-19. This represents a range from a low of 2.48% in Africa to a high of 39.01% in Europe and 41.43% in North America.1 Many have lamented the need to address these gaps and have vociferously called for ensuring vaccine equity. The question must be asked: if the goal is for all people to be vaccinated, will equity alone get us there? Over and above simply the ava…
Global health and human rights for a postpandemic world
> Historically, pandemics have forced humans to break with the past and imagine their world anew. This one is no different. It is a portal, a gateway between one world and the next. > > – Arundhati Roy1 Inspired by these words, we try to imagine ‘another world’; one which puts everyone’s health and human rights at the centre. For us to do that, we need to start with introspection about the world we wish to leave behind and ask ourselves some toug…
Expanding the role of paralegals
BACKGROUND: All around the world, the paralegal program prepares members of marginalized communities to face the legal system. Having a common background with their clients and being capable of conducting flexible work, paralegals' role moves beyond enlarging the beneficiaries of legal aid to addressing intersectional issues around health-related rights. This study assesses the health and other impacts of paralegals recruited by Lembaga Bantuan H…
A Call for (Renewed) Commitment to Sexual Health, Sexual Rights, and Sexual Pleasure
Sexual health, sexual rights and sexual pleasure
To improve sexual health, even in this charged political moment, necessitates going beyond biomedical approaches, and requires meaningfully addressing sexual rights and sexual pleasure. A world where positive intersections between sexual health, sexual rights and sexual pleasure are reinforced in law, in programming and in advocacy, can strengthen health, wellbeing and the lived experience of people everywhere. This requires a clear understanding…
We are not infertile’
The use of reproductive technologies has expanded beyond cases of infertility, and opportunities for individuals of different sexual orientations to use such technologies for conception have increased. The authors examined the challenges and limitations faced by women in same-sex relationships seeking conception services in São Paulo, Brazil. They interviewed 16 women in same-sex relationships who conceived children using reproductive technologie…
Police-Related Deaths and Neighborhood Economic and Racial/Ethnic Polarization, United States, 2015–2016
Objectives. To estimate the association between rates of police-related deaths and neighborhood residential segregation (by income, race/ethnicity, or both combined) in the United States. Methods. We identified police-related deaths that occurred in the United States (2015–2016) using a data set from the Guardian newspaper. We used census data to estimate expected police-related death counts for all US census tracts and to calculate the Index of …
The Aids conference 2018
In transition
This roundtable discussion is the result of a research symposium entitled In Transition: Gender [Identity], Law & Global Health where participants took up the challenge to engage with the question: What will it take to ensure the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of transgender populations across the globe? The barriers to overcome are fierce, and include not only lack of access to health services and insurance but also stigma and …
Monitoring HIV-Related Laws and Policies
The National Commitments and Policy Instrument (NCPI) has been used to monitor AIDS-related laws and policies for over 10 years. What can be learnt from this process? Analyses draw on NCPI questionnaires, NCPI responses, the UNAIDS Law Database, survey data and responses to a 2014 survey on the NCPI. The NCPI provides the first and only systematic data on country self-reported national HIV laws and policies. High NCPI reporting rates and survey r…
Engaging Human Rights in the Response to the Evolving Zika Virus Epidemic
In late 2015, an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in poor communities in northeast Brazil prompted investigation of antenatal Zika infection as the cause. Zika now circulates in 69 countries, and has affected pregnancies of women in 29 countries. Public health officials, policymakers, and international organizations are considering interventions to address health consequences of the Zika epidemic. To date, public health re…
Killed by Police
Objectives. To assess the validity of demographic data reported in news media–based data sets for persons killed by police in Massachusetts (2004–2016) and to evaluate misclassification of these deaths in vital statistics mortality data. Methods. We identified 84 deaths resulting from police intervention in 4 news media–based data sources (WGBH News, Fatal Encounters, The Guardian, and The Washington Post) and, via record linkage, conducted match…
Reproductive justice & preventable deaths
Insofar as reducing infant mortality is a government priority, our data underscore the need, despite heightened contention, for adequate public funding for abortion services and for redressing health inequities
Non-communicable diseases and human rights
The incorporation of human rights in health policy and programmes is known to strengthen responses to health problems and help address disparities created or exacerbated by illness yet this remains underexplored in relation to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Aiming to understand existing synergies and how they might be further strengthened, we assessed the extent to which human rights are considered in global NCD policies and strategies and the…
Is the right to health compatible with sustainability
Daniel Reidpath - ORCID: 0000-0002-8796-0420 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-0420
Searching for Justice and Health
Searching for Justice and Health Affiliation Daniel Tarantola MD, Kenneth Camargo MD, PhD, and Sofia Gruskin JD, MIADaniel Tarantola is a Professor of Health and Human Rights and an International and Global Health Consultant, Femey-Voltaire, France. Kenneth Camargo is a Senior Associate Professor, Instituto de Medicina Social/Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and Honorary Vice-President for Latin America and the Caribbean, Rio de Janeiro, …
Reproductive Justice and the Pace of Change
US infant death rates for 1960 to 1980 declined most quickly in (1) 1970 to 1973 in states that legalized abortion in 1970, especially for infants in the lowest 3 income quintiles (annual percentage change = −11.6; 95% confidence interval = −18.7, −3.8), and (2) the mid-to-late 1960s, also in low-income quintiles, for both Black and White infants, albeit unrelated to abortion laws. These results imply that research is warranted on whether current…
Sexual rights as human rights
This Guide seeks to provide insight and resources to actors interested in the development of rights claims around sexuality and sexual health. After engaging with the vexed question of the scope of sexual rights, it explores the rules and principles governing the way in which human rights claims are developed and applied to sexuality and sexual health, and how that development is linked to law and made a matter of state obligation. This understan…
Men's violence against women and men are inter-related
Sound and Fury - engaging with the politics and the law of sexual rights
Although past resistance to sexual rights in global debates has often been grounded in claims to culture, nation and religion, opposition voices are now using, rather than rejecting, the frame of international human rights. This Commentary argues that, despite opponents' attempts to defeat sexual rights with other rights claims, a careful understanding of the principles of international human rights and its legal development exposes how the use o…
What's pregnancy got to do with it? Late presentation to HIV/Aids services in Northeastern Brazil
Despite the known benefits of early treatment initiation for individual morbidity and mortality, as well as for reducing the risk of transmission, late presentation (LP) to HIV/AIDS services remains a major concern in many countries. There is little information on LP from middle- and low-income countries and studies that do evaluate LP commonly disaggregate data by sex. It is rare, however, for researchers to further disaggregate the data by preg…
Quality, not just quantity
Studies have demonstrated that an early HIV diagnosis is a critical first step towards continued engagement in care. We examined HIV testing experiences in Salvador, Brazil, to understand how a focus on quality services can inform service provision more generally in the post-2015 global health agenda. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with HIV-positive pregnant women in Salvador, a large urban centre of north-east Brazil. Interv…
The impact of a police drug crackdown on drug injectors' ability to practice harm reduction
Characterizing Perceived Police Violence
Despite growing recognition of violence’s health consequences and the World Health Organization’s recent classification of police officers’ excessive use of force as a form of violence, public health investigators have produced scant research characterizing police-perpetrated abuse. Using qualitative data from a study of a police drug crackdown in 2000 in 1 New York City police precinct, we explored 40 injection drug using and 25 non–drug using p…
Men's violence against women and men are inter-related
Assessing health impact assessment
Health impact assessment (HIA) seeks to expand evaluation of policy and programmes in all sectors, both private and public, to include their impact on population health. While the idea that the public’s health is affected by a broad array of social and economic policies is not new and dates back well over two centuries, what is new is the notion—increasingly adopted by major health institutions, such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the…
Emerging health disparities in Botswana
Orphan Care in Botswana’s Working Households
Objectives. Botswana has one of the world’s highest HIV-prevalence rates and the world’s highest percentages of orphaned children among its population. We assessed the ability of income-earning households in Botswana to adequately care for orphans. Methods. We used data from the Botswana Family Health Needs Study (2002), a sample of 1033 working adults with caregiving responsibilities who used public services, to assess whether households with or…
Police-Related Deaths and Neighborhood Economic and Racial/Ethnic Polarization, United States, 2015–2016
Objectives. To estimate the association between rates of police-related deaths and neighborhood residential segregation (by income, race/ethnicity, or both combined) in the United States. Methods. We identified police-related deaths that occurred in the United States (2015–2016) using a data set from the Guardian newspaper. We used census data to estimate expected police-related death counts for all US census tracts and to calculate the Index of …
Ensuring Sexual and Reproductive Health for People Living with HIV
Despite rhetorical attention there is little programmatic guidance as to how best to ensure that women and men living with HIV have access to sexual and reproductive health services that help them realise their reproductive goals, while ensuring their human rights. A dynamic relationship exists between the manner in which health services and programmes are delivered, and the individuals who seek these services. A review of the literature shows cl…
Killed by Police
Objectives. To assess the validity of demographic data reported in news media–based data sets for persons killed by police in Massachusetts (2004–2016) and to evaluate misclassification of these deaths in vital statistics mortality data. Methods. We identified 84 deaths resulting from police intervention in 4 news media–based data sources (WGBH News, Fatal Encounters, The Guardian, and The Washington Post) and, via record linkage, conducted match…
Vulnerability to HIV/STIs among Rural Women from Migrant Communities in Nepal
Human rights norms and standards can be applied to health issues as an analytical tool and as a framework to identify and shape interventions to reduce the impact of ill-health and improve the lives of individuals and populations. This article discusses how migration, health status, gender-based discrimination and access to education have an impact on HIV/STI vulnerability among rural women from migrant communities in Nepal. It is based on data f…
Understanding and Responding to Youth Substance Use
This article examines the utility of a health and human rights framework for conceptualizing and responding to the causes and consequences of substance use among young people. It provides operational definitions of “youth” and “substances,” a review of current international and national efforts to address substance use among youths, and an introduction to human rights and the intersection between health and human rights. A methodology for modelin…
Who, and what, causes health inequities? Reflections on emerging debates from an exploratory Latin American/North American workshop
Objective: To examine the associations between childhood socioeconomic and family circumstances, health and behavioural and cognitive development, and health and mental well-being outcomes in adulthood; exploring whether associations are different for cohorts born in 1958 and 1970, or for men and women. Design: Pooled analysis of two prospective, population-based, British birth cohort studies. Participants: 11 327 men and women born in 1958 and 1…
Women's Health and Human Rights
Engaging Human Rights in the Response to the Evolving Zika Virus Epidemic
In late 2015, an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in poor communities in northeast Brazil prompted investigation of antenatal Zika infection as the cause. Zika now circulates in 69 countries, and has affected pregnancies of women in 29 countries. Public health officials, policymakers, and international organizations are considering interventions to address health consequences of the Zika epidemic. To date, public health re…
Process Is the Point
Most people responsible for setting priorities in health have considerable expertise relevant to deciding how to use resources effectively and the kinds of improvements that should be emphasized. Most are also concerned with distributing improvements equitably. Accordingly, they often invoke human rights or principles of distributive justice to legitimize choices that create winners and losers. We propose an approach that draws on the strengths o…
HIV and Pregnancy Intentions
Too little is known about how an HIV diagnosis and access to care and treatment affect women's childbearing intentions. As access to antiretroviral therapy improves, greater numbers of HIV-positive women are living longer, healthier lives, and many want to have children. Effectively supporting women's reproductive decisionmaking in the context of HIV requires understanding how pregnancy, reproduction, and HIV intersect and asking questions that b…
Children Confronting HIV/Aids
From a child rights perspective, HIV/AIDS serves to illuminate how cultural norms and legal precepts facilitate or constrain the protection of the child from HIV infection and from its individual and collective impacts. Recognition of human rights in the design, implementation, and evaluation of governmental policy can point the way toward actions which are not only necessary but, in public health terms, most effective. This article summarizes th…
Sexual rights as human rights
This Guide seeks to provide insight and resources to actors interested in the development of rights claims around sexuality and sexual health. After engaging with the vexed question of the scope of sexual rights, it explores the rules and principles governing the way in which human rights claims are developed and applied to sexuality and sexual health, and how that development is linked to law and made a matter of state obligation. This understan…
The pregnancy decisions of HIV-positive women
Despite the growing number of women living with and affected by HIV, there is still insufficient attention to their pregnancy-related needs, rights, decisions and desires in research, policy and programs. We carried out a review of the literature to ascertain the current state of knowledge and highlight areas requiring further attention. We found that contraceptive options for pregnancy prevention by HIV-positive women are insufficient: condoms a…
Reproductive Justice and the Pace of Change
US infant death rates for 1960 to 1980 declined most quickly in (1) 1970 to 1973 in states that legalized abortion in 1970, especially for infants in the lowest 3 income quintiles (annual percentage change = −11.6; 95% confidence interval = −18.7, −3.8), and (2) the mid-to-late 1960s, also in low-income quintiles, for both Black and White infants, albeit unrelated to abortion laws. These results imply that research is warranted on whether current…
HIV and gender-based violence
The global HIV policy arena has seen a surge of interest in gender-related dimensions of vulnerability to HIV and violence. UNAIDS and other prominent actors have named gender-based violence a key priority, and there seems to be genuine understanding and commitment to addressing gender inequalities as they impact key populations in the AIDS response. In the quest for evidence-informed interventions, there is usually a strong connection between th…
Safeguarding Abortion
Worldwide approximately 50 000 women die of complications from unsafe abortion each year. It is estimated that a further 5 000 000 women suffer a disability resulting from unsafe abortion. Almost all of this occurs in countries where abortion is restricted in law and practice
Jonathan Mann
The article looks at the life and death of Jonathan Mann, founder of the health and human rights movement. During the 1980s Mann and his family moved to what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo where he helped gather epidemiological, clinical, and biomedical evidence on HIV and AIDS in an African context. Later Mann jointed the World Health Organization and spearheaded the development of the first global strategy on HIV/AIDS, mobilized in…
A Call for (Renewed) Commitment to Sexual Health, Sexual Rights, and Sexual Pleasure
Sound and Fury - engaging with the politics and the law of sexual rights
Although past resistance to sexual rights in global debates has often been grounded in claims to culture, nation and religion, opposition voices are now using, rather than rejecting, the frame of international human rights. This Commentary argues that, despite opponents' attempts to defeat sexual rights with other rights claims, a careful understanding of the principles of international human rights and its legal development exposes how the use o…
Health and Human Rights
Women's Health and Human Rights
A Selected Bibliography of Women's Health and Human Rights
Children Confronting HIV/Aids
From a child rights perspective, HIV/AIDS serves to illuminate how cultural norms and legal precepts facilitate or constrain the protection of the child from HIV infection and from its individual and collective impacts. Recognition of human rights in the design, implementation, and evaluation of governmental policy can point the way toward actions which are not only necessary but, in public health terms, most effective. This article summarizes th…
The Highest Priority
Sofia Gruskin, The Highest Priority: Making Use of UN Conference Documents to Remind Governments of Their Commitments to HIV/AIDS, Health and Human Rights, Vol. 3, No. 1, HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. Part II: Uprooting Vulnerability (1998), pp. 107-142
A World Fit for Children
Understanding and Responding to Youth Substance Use
This article examines the utility of a health and human rights framework for conceptualizing and responding to the causes and consequences of substance use among young people. It provides operational definitions of “youth” and “substances,” a review of current international and national efforts to address substance use among youths, and an introduction to human rights and the intersection between health and human rights. A methodology for modelin…
Time, Place, and Consciousness
In the past few years, US federal agencies governing research with human subjects and institutional review boards have taken a higher-profile path than ever before, both at home and internationally. This trend carries profound significance for US-based institutions and has implications also for the rest of the world. What does this critical moment of heightened federal scrutiny mean for the workings of US institutional review boards? We examined …
Gruskin Responds
The UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV/Aids
Ethics, Human Rights, and Public Health
Kass's piece “An Ethics Framework for Public Health” is welcome for its call to determine an approach to negotiating the benefits and burdens of public health policies and programs.1 All the more reason, then, to consider the ways in which the approach Kass advocates is complementary to, different from, and derivative of related work in the field of health and human rights by Jonathan Mann and others since the mid-1990s
Assessing health impact assessment
Health impact assessment (HIA) seeks to expand evaluation of policy and programmes in all sectors, both private and public, to include their impact on population health. While the idea that the public’s health is affected by a broad array of social and economic policies is not new and dates back well over two centuries, what is new is the notion—increasingly adopted by major health institutions, such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the…
Violence or Health
Vulnerability to HIV/STIs among Rural Women from Migrant Communities in Nepal
Human rights norms and standards can be applied to health issues as an analytical tool and as a framework to identify and shape interventions to reduce the impact of ill-health and improve the lives of individuals and populations. This article discusses how migration, health status, gender-based discrimination and access to education have an impact on HIV/STI vulnerability among rural women from migrant communities in Nepal. It is based on data f…
Perspectives on Health and Human Rights
This anthology of articles collected by a cast of award-winning scholars in the field of public health illustrates that promoting and protecting human rights is fundamental to promoting and protecting health. New issues covered in this volume include: emerging technologies; family and health; responding to violence; and methods and strategies
Keeping the Connections in 2004
Stalled on the Road to Reproductive Health
Characterizing Perceived Police Violence
Despite growing recognition of violence’s health consequences and the World Health Organization’s recent classification of police officers’ excessive use of force as a form of violence, public health investigators have produced scant research characterizing police-perpetrated abuse. Using qualitative data from a study of a police drug crackdown in 2000 in 1 New York City police precinct, we explored 40 injection drug using and 25 non–drug using p…
The More Things Change
he last thematic issues of Health and Human Rights on HIV/AIDS were published in 1998. The world was a very different place. Then, as now, individuals were suffering massively from discrimination and inadequate access to needed services; but at a policy and programmatic level, it appeared that things were beginning to stabilize as certain strategies were globally recognized as appropriate and useful to bring the impacts of the epidemic under cont…
The impact of a police drug crackdown on drug injectors' ability to practice harm reduction
Rights-Based Approaches to Health
Health and Human Rights Education in Academic Settings
lhe Program on International Health and Human Rights at the Harvard School of Public Health and the University of New South Wales' Initiative for Health and Human Rights jointly hosted a one-day meeting in Boston to discuss health and human rights education in academic settings. Representing major research universities, government agencies, and some of the largest NGOs in the field, twenty-five prominent educators from around the globe came toget…
Jonathan Mann
The article looks at the life and death of Jonathan Mann, founder of the health and human rights movement. During the 1980s Mann and his family moved to what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo where he helped gather epidemiological, clinical, and biomedical evidence on HIV and AIDS in an African context. Later Mann jointed the World Health Organization and spearheaded the development of the first global strategy on HIV/AIDS, mobilized in…
Human Rights and Ethics in Public Health
Orphan Care in Botswana’s Working Households
Objectives. Botswana has one of the world’s highest HIV-prevalence rates and the world’s highest percentages of orphaned children among its population. We assessed the ability of income-earning households in Botswana to adequately care for orphans. Methods. We used data from the Botswana Family Health Needs Study (2002), a sample of 1033 working adults with caregiving responsibilities who used public services, to assess whether households with or…
Political science (56 obras) · Medicine (52 obras) · Law (47 obras) · Environmental health (33 obras) · Sociology (33 obras) · Human rights (30 obras) · Population (23 obras) · Human Rights and Development (19 obras) · Public relations (19 obras) · Nursing (17 obras)