Omar Galárraga
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1446452 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Omar Galárraga |
| NOMBRES | Omar |
| APELLIDO | Galárraga |
| FIRMA | GALÁRRAGA O |
| AFILIACIONES | Brown University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9985-9266 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 4 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2009 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
An assessment of antimicrobial resistance national action plans and their impact on antibiotic use
INTRODUCTION: By 2050, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) could lead to over 10 million deaths annually and $100 trillion in healthcare costs, making it one of the most urgent public health threats. The WHO recommends AMR National Action Plans (AMR NAPs) to address this threat, but the effectiveness of these plans is unknown. METHODS: We estimate the impact of AMR NAPs on retail sales of all antibiotics across 68 countries from 2014 to 2023 using IQV…
How to decrease teenage pregnancy
Introduction This study aimed to understand the sociocultural context of teenage pregnancy in an Ecuadorian city with a large indigenous population, to gauge the acceptability of a multifaceted pregnancy prevention program for adolescents, and to elicit perspectives on the optimal program design from adolescents and adult key informants. Methods We ascertained qualitative data via an online, electronic survey administered from August to September…
Food insecurity is associated with greater difficulty accessing care among people living with HIV with or without comorbid non-communicable diseases in western Kenya
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between food insecurity and access to healthcare in low-resource settings remains unclear. Some studies find that food insecurity is a barrier to accessing care, while others report that food insecurity is associated with a greater need for care, leading to more care utilisation. We use data from the Harambee study in western Kenya to assess the association between food insecurity and difficulty accessing care among…
The effects of mobile primary health teams
Economic outcomes among microfinance group members receiving community-based chronic disease care
Barriers and facilitators to scaling up access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among key populations
Introduction: Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly safe and effective for HIV prevention, yet barriers to PrEP access and adherence persist among key populations. In Mexico, incentive-based pilot programs have been effective in improving PrEP adherence among male sex workers. Understanding the experiences of providers and program implementers is critical to integrating PrEP adherence programs as part of standard care in Mexico and…
We must invest in behavioural economics for the HIV response
The Impact of Different Parental Figures of Adolescents Living With HIV
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has changed the expected health outcomes for HIV, there are still issues related to stigma, how people living with HIV are perceived, and the availability of social support. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between family structure and psychosocial wellbeing reflected by perceived HIV stigma and social support among adolescents living with HIV in Kumasi, Ghana. This article used basel…
Effect of care environment on educational attainment among orphaned and separated children and adolescents in Western Kenya
Children living in institutional environments were more likely to complete primary school and some secondary school than children living in family-based care. Further support is needed for all orphans to improve primary and secondary school completion. Policies that require orphans to leave institution environments upon their eighteenth birthday may be preventing these youth from completing secondary school
Continuity of Care is Associated with Higher Appointment Adherence Among HIV Patients in Low Clinician-to-Patient Ratio Facilities in Western Kenya
Community-funded integrated care outreach clinics as a capacity building strategy to expand access to health care in remote areas of Uganda
Most Ugandans live in rural, medically underserved communities where geography and poverty lead to reduced access to healthcare. We present a novel low-cost approach for supplemental primary care financing through 1) pooling community wealth to cover overhead costs for outreach clinic activities and 2) issuing microfinance loans to motorcycle taxi entrepreneurs to overcome gaps in access to transportation. The intervention described here, which l…
Barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among male sex workers in Mexico
Increasing the ImPrEP program's Reach among MSWs will depend on improving PrEP education and addressing HIV-related stigma and access barriers. Future Adoption of the ImPrEP program should build on existing clinical infrastructure and community support. Creation of a national policy for PrEP distribution may improve the Reach and Adoption of PrEP among highest-risk populations in Mexico
The Money, It’s OK but It’s not OK”
Preferences for Conditional Economic Incentives to Improve Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence
Predictors of Health Insurance Enrollment among HIV Positive Pregnant Women in Kenya
Background : The global push to achieve the 90-90-90 targets designed to end the HIV epidemic has called for the removing of policy barriers to prevention and treatment, and ensuring financial sustainability of HIV programs. Universal health insurance is one tool that can be used to this end. In sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence and incidence remain high, the use of health insurance to provide comprehensive HIV care is limited. This study …
Effect of an abrupt change in sexual and reproductive health policy on teen birth rates in Ecuador, 2008–2017
Effects of social health insurance on access and utilization of obstetric health services
This study confirms conceptual and practical considerations around health insurance and healthcare access for HIV+ persons. Further, it helps to inform relevant policy development for health insurance and HIV financing and delivery in Kenya and in similar countries in sub-Saharan Africa in the universal health coverage (UHC) era
Cash Transfers and Contraceptive Use
Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have become important components of social protection policies in Latin America. By establishing coresponsibilities tied to health and education, CCTs may reduce poverty and encourage human capital investment. While CCT programs can have unintended effects on sexual and reproductive health outcomes, such effects have been mixed and poorly documented in South America. This study examines the impact of Ecuador's CC…
Isay (incentives for South African youth)
Group-based economic incentives to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among youth living with HIV
Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significant consequences for adolescents. Conditional economic incentives (CEI) is an approach that may help address this challenge. This study evaluated the safety and preliminary efficacy of a group-based CEI program for ART adherence improvement among a sample of adolescents living in Ghana. A total of 35 adolescents (mean age: 14.7 years) on ART, though still with detectable viral load, were …
The Impact of Rhode Island’s Multipayer Patient-centered Medical Home Program on Utilization and Cost of Care
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of patient-centered medical home (PCMH) participation on cost and utilization of care for patients in Rhode Island's statewide, multipayer PCMH program, which serves over one-third of the state population. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: 2009-2014 claims data from all payers in Rhode Island, representing >743,000 unique patients. STUDY DESIGN: A propensity score-matched difference-in-differences framework was used to…
Risk Factors for Early Disenrollment From Colorado’s Affordable Care Act Marketplace
BACKGROUND: Midyear disenrollment from Marketplace coverage may have detrimental effects on continuity of care and risk pool stability of individual health insurance markets. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to assess associations between insurance plan characteristics, individual and area-level demographics, and disenrollment from Marketplace coverage. DATA: All payer claims data from individual market enrollees, 2014-2016. STUDY …
The Relationship Between Psychological Temporal Perspective and HIV/STI Risk Behaviors Among Male Sex Workers in Mexico City
The effect of unstable housing on HIV treatment biomarkers
TheEmpower Nudgelottery to increase dual protection use
The objective of this study is to measure the preliminary efficacy of a pilot intervention, grounded in behavioural economics, increasing adherence of dual protection (simultaneous use of effective modern contraception and a barrier method, such as a condom) to protect against HIV, other sexually transmitted infections, and unintended pregnancy. Between 2015 and 2016, 100 women aged 18-40 years, seeking post-abortion care in Cape Town, South Afri…
Economic outcomes among microfinance group members receiving community-based chronic disease care
Cash Transfers and Contraceptive Use
Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have become important components of social protection policies in Latin America. By establishing coresponsibilities tied to health and education, CCTs may reduce poverty and encourage human capital investment. While CCT programs can have unintended effects on sexual and reproductive health outcomes, such effects have been mixed and poorly documented in South America. This study examines the impact of Ecuador's CC…
The effect of unstable housing on HIV treatment biomarkers
Educación sobre sexualidad y prevención del VIH
Sex education materials should be reviewed and updated periodically to reflect progress being made on the issues and the handling of the subject matter. In each country, the curriculum should address the issue of respecting differences in sexual orientation, preference, and identity, and especially, an appropriate approach toward sexually-transmitted infection (STI) prevention education among males who have sex with males. Efforts to assess the p…
Preventing HIV Transmission Among Partners of HIV-Positive Male Sex Workers in Mexico City
A Qualitative Study of Medical Mistrust, Perceived Discrimination, and Risk Behavior Disclosure to Clinicians by U.S. Male Sex Workers and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men
Impact of Small Monetary Incentives on Exercise in University Students
This pilot study demonstrates initial feasibility in implementing small financial incentives to promote exercise behavior in previously inactive young adults. Due to the small sample size, results should be interpreted with caution and further research is warranted to improve and maintain exercise behavior in response to relatively smaller incentives
Type of Insurance and Use of Preventive Health Services Among Older Adults in Mexico
Despite all the evidence that suggests that SP has increased access to health insurance for the poor, inequalities in health care access and utilization still exist in Mexico
Male Sex Workers
Although commercial sex transactions related to men who have sex with men have particular importance for HIV/AIDS prevention, the economic literature analyzing male sex workers is limited. A handful of studies have been published, first with descriptive analyses of specific markets and more recently taking advantage of Internet resources and larger surveys. The theoretical economic models have not yet been fully customized to fit all the nuance a…
Do national drug policies influence antiretroviral drug prices? Evidence from the Southern African Development community
In the context of emerging international trade agreements, which aim to strengthen patent protections internationally and potentially delay the sale of generic drugs in LMIC, this study shines a spotlight on the importance of generic drugs in controlling ARV prices. Further research is needed to understand the impact of national drug policies on ARV prices.
Stumbling Blocks at the Clinic
The Cost and Cost-utility of Three Public Health HIV Case-finding Strategies
Punto Seguro
Readiness for Antiretroviral Therapy
Women's reproductive decision making and abortion experiences in Cape Town, South Africa
Unintended pregnancy is a significant public health issue in South Africa. Despite free services including contraception, women face structural and institutional barriers to accessing care. This qualitative study comprised interviews with 16 women aged 18 to 40 years and receiving post-abortion services at a public clinic in Cape Town. Data analysis revealed three main themes: personal journeys in seeking abortion, contraceptive experiences, and …
HIV prevention costs and their predictors
We estimate costs and their predictors for three HIV prevention interventions in Kenya: HIV testing and counselling (HTC), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). As part of the 'Optimizing the Response of Prevention: HIV Efficiency in Africa' (ORPHEA) project, we collected retrospective data from government and non-governmental health facilities for 2011-12. We used multi-stage sampling …
The Relationship Between Psychological Temporal Perspective and HIV/STI Risk Behaviors Among Male Sex Workers in Mexico City
The effect of unstable housing on HIV treatment biomarkers
TheEmpower Nudgelottery to increase dual protection use
The objective of this study is to measure the preliminary efficacy of a pilot intervention, grounded in behavioural economics, increasing adherence of dual protection (simultaneous use of effective modern contraception and a barrier method, such as a condom) to protect against HIV, other sexually transmitted infections, and unintended pregnancy. Between 2015 and 2016, 100 women aged 18-40 years, seeking post-abortion care in Cape Town, South Afri…
Group-based economic incentives to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among youth living with HIV
Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significant consequences for adolescents. Conditional economic incentives (CEI) is an approach that may help address this challenge. This study evaluated the safety and preliminary efficacy of a group-based CEI program for ART adherence improvement among a sample of adolescents living in Ghana. A total of 35 adolescents (mean age: 14.7 years) on ART, though still with detectable viral load, were …
The Impact of Rhode Island’s Multipayer Patient-centered Medical Home Program on Utilization and Cost of Care
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of patient-centered medical home (PCMH) participation on cost and utilization of care for patients in Rhode Island's statewide, multipayer PCMH program, which serves over one-third of the state population. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: 2009-2014 claims data from all payers in Rhode Island, representing >743,000 unique patients. STUDY DESIGN: A propensity score-matched difference-in-differences framework was used to…
Risk Factors for Early Disenrollment From Colorado’s Affordable Care Act Marketplace
BACKGROUND: Midyear disenrollment from Marketplace coverage may have detrimental effects on continuity of care and risk pool stability of individual health insurance markets. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to assess associations between insurance plan characteristics, individual and area-level demographics, and disenrollment from Marketplace coverage. DATA: All payer claims data from individual market enrollees, 2014-2016. STUDY …
Predictors of Health Insurance Enrollment among HIV Positive Pregnant Women in Kenya
Background : The global push to achieve the 90-90-90 targets designed to end the HIV epidemic has called for the removing of policy barriers to prevention and treatment, and ensuring financial sustainability of HIV programs. Universal health insurance is one tool that can be used to this end. In sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence and incidence remain high, the use of health insurance to provide comprehensive HIV care is limited. This study …
Effect of an abrupt change in sexual and reproductive health policy on teen birth rates in Ecuador, 2008–2017
Effects of social health insurance on access and utilization of obstetric health services
This study confirms conceptual and practical considerations around health insurance and healthcare access for HIV+ persons. Further, it helps to inform relevant policy development for health insurance and HIV financing and delivery in Kenya and in similar countries in sub-Saharan Africa in the universal health coverage (UHC) era
Cash Transfers and Contraceptive Use
Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have become important components of social protection policies in Latin America. By establishing coresponsibilities tied to health and education, CCTs may reduce poverty and encourage human capital investment. While CCT programs can have unintended effects on sexual and reproductive health outcomes, such effects have been mixed and poorly documented in South America. This study examines the impact of Ecuador's CC…
Isay (incentives for South African youth)
Community-funded integrated care outreach clinics as a capacity building strategy to expand access to health care in remote areas of Uganda
Most Ugandans live in rural, medically underserved communities where geography and poverty lead to reduced access to healthcare. We present a novel low-cost approach for supplemental primary care financing through 1) pooling community wealth to cover overhead costs for outreach clinic activities and 2) issuing microfinance loans to motorcycle taxi entrepreneurs to overcome gaps in access to transportation. The intervention described here, which l…
Medicine (35 obras) · Family medicine (21 obras) · Environmental health (19 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (18 obras) · Nursing (16 obras) · Population (16 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Economics (14 obras) · Demography (13 obras) · Public health (13 obras)