Crystal L Park
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 145859 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Crystal L Park |
| NOMBRES | Crystal L |
| APELLIDO | Park |
| FIRMA | PARK C L |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Connecticut |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6572-7321 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 142 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 435 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 141 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1990 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 9 |
Beliefs about genetic risk of cardiometabolic disease and physical activity in young healthy US adults
Objective Beliefs about the genetic contribution to chronic disease risk may be associated with lower levels of physical activity, but this relationship has yet to be tested in young healthy adults. We examined genetic causal beliefs about disease and self-reported moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) among young healthy US adults.Methods and Measures Data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5, Cycle 4; 20…
Individuals’ top values and health behavior engagement
Objective Although linked with subjective wellbeing, little research has examined relations of values with health behaviors and health. Because values are principles that guide behavior across situations, this exploratory retrospective study examined how individuals’ highest value relates to their health behaviors and health.Methods and Measures Participants were 3865 (aged 18–89 years) adults who completed the Health Information National Trends …
The Association of Religious Clusters and Geographic Region With Depressive Symptoms, Daily Hassles, and Daily Uplifts in African American Men
Religiosity is central in the lives of many African Americans, with notable geographic variation in religious involvement throughout the United States (US). Using cluster analyses, we examined associations of religious clusters and geographic region with mental health in a sample of African American men. Participants from a national survey of religion and health completed six measures of religiosity and measures of depressive symptoms, daily hass…
Honest to God
Lament is an ancient form of prayer that has been neglected in American Christianity. Biblical lament—seen throughout scripture and particularly in the psalms—typically follows a pattern: the sufferer addresses God, brings an honest complaint to God, makes a request of God, reminds themself of God’s past work on their behalf, and ends in expressions of confidence in God in a posture of active, willing surrender. After participating in a four-week…
Are relying on science and on religion to make sense of the world related to different domains of adaptive behavior and well-being
Individuals vary in their reliance on science and on religion to make sense of the world. We aimed to determine if these two approaches to making meaning differentially associated with specific domains of adaptive behaviors and well-being, and the extent to which these associations would be moderated by their conjoint (interactive) effects. Participants were 301 US adults who completed online surveys. Bivariate associations largely supported hypo…
Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Manual Coding of Qualitative Data
Associations between interoceptive awareness and leisure time physical activity intensity, engagement, and duration
Objective Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is important for physical and mental well-being, although many U.S. adults fail to meet daily physical activity guidelines. This two-part project examined associations between four dimensions of interoceptive awareness (IA) (i.e., Trusting, Body Listening, Self-Regulation, Not-Worrying) and daily engagement in and duration of LTPA.Methods and Measures College-aged adults in Study 1 completed a 30-mi…
Characterizing individuals' moral transgressions and their associations with religion
Introduction: While many facets of morality have been extensively studied, relatively little is known about how individuals experience their own moral transgressions or the degree to which these violations are interpreted through a religious lens. Method: To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional national survey of 604 U.S. adults who reported belief in God or gods. Participants were randomized to receive one of three prompts asking the…
Lament
Research demonstrates that people draw on their religions in coping with difficult life circumstances, and that more religious people tend to cope better than less religious people. Lament is a religious prayer practice that constitutes a form of meaning-making coping. Here, we explicate this form of coping and, in a series of three studies with Christian participants, report on the development of a lament scale. In the first study, we develop it…
When Does Identifying With Christ’s Suffering Help? A Moderated Moderation Analysis
While religious coping has been extensively linked with positive outcomes, many emic religious coping resources have been insufficiently explored from a psychological perspective. This study investigated the efficacy of a Christian meaning-making coping method, identification with Christ’s suffering, in ameliorating the negative relation between stressor severity and well-being (i.e., anxiety, depression, life satisfaction) in an international sa…
Childhood experiences and personal traits as predictors of reliance on science and on religion to make sense of the world
Trauma appraisals in the first month after sexual trauma differentially predict subsequent mental and physical health sequelae
Findings can elucidate targets for early assessment tools and interventions in the recent aftermath of sexual trauma to help alleviate the downstream mental and physical health impacts of experiencing sexual trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)
How are relying on religion and on science to make sense of the world associated with health-related resources and behaviors and well-being
Objective Differences in the extent to which religious and scientific perspectives inform individuals’ understanding of the world may affect their health and well-being. Yet minimal research has examined the influence of religious or scientific beliefs (or their relative influences) on health-related resources, behaviors, well-being, and stress responses, the focus of the current study.Methods A national sample of 289 U.S. adults (mean age 34.42,…
Perceived Control and Blood Pressure
Trajectories of spiritual well-being across the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic
Although adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on multiple dimensions of well-being are amply documented, these studies have overlooked the spiritual dimension of well-being. Thus, we know very little about resilience or decline in spiritual well-being or specific contextual factors and coping efforts that might predict distinct trajectories of spiritual well-being. The study characterized trajectories of U.S. adults' spiritual well-being (fai…
The impact of age and sexual orientation on work-related changes and stress early in the pandemic
Residential segregation, housing cost, and smoking behaviors in Black Americans
Systems of Global Meaning in Atheists and Theists
To illuminate the often-reported higher levels of meaning in life by those who believe in God relative to atheists, we examined the extent to which their global meaning (i.e., the beliefs, goals, and values that underlie subjective sense of meaning in life) differed. Study 1 (undergraduate sample of 100 atheists and 447 theists) found that theists endorsed higher levels of beliefs reflecting a more meaningful world (e.g., goodness, control, justi…
When suffering contradicts belief
Unique contributions of religious and science beliefs on meaning systems in a nationally representative American sample
Individuals often hold beliefs in religion and in science, but how they mutually function is not well‐understood. We examined these conjoint influences by examining their relative contributions to individuals' global meaning systems. We also examined whether subgroups of participants could be identified in terms of relative influence of religious or science beliefs on their meaning systems. A nationally representative sample of 300 American adult…
“It’s the God factor”
Objective: Religious meaning-making may facilitate psychological adjustment to even the most extreme traumatic stressors, including war and forced displacement. Yet few studies have examined the religious meaning-making trajectories of refugees and none from an Islamic perspective. Method: This qualitative cross-sectional study investigated Syrian Muslims’ post-war meaning-making experiences, guided by Park’s (2010) meaning-making model. Results:…
Identifying Variation in Physical Health Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms among Religiosity Clusters of African American Adults in the United States
Religious affiliation moderates associations between theodicies and mental health in people experiencing significant suffering from bereavement, illness and other stressors
Theodicies have been associated with mental health in several studies. However, little research on theodicies has been conducted with people in the midst of significant suffering. Further, religious traditions differ in theodical content and function in easing suffering. We examined associations between theodicies and mental health in people facing significant suffering and the extent to which they are influenced by Christian religious affiliatio…
Perceived Control and Inflammation
OBJECTIVE: The effects of trauma exposure on depression risk and severity are well established, but psychosocial and biological factors that impact or explain those relationships remain poorly understood. This study examined the moderating and mediating effects of perceived control and inflammation in the relationship between trauma and depression. METHODS: Moderation analyses and longitudinal mediation analyses were conducted on data from 945 ad…
Do religious practices improve one’s mood? Daily religious behaviors are associated with daily wellbeing and buffer against hassles and uplifts
Assessment and Prediction of Stress-Related Growth
This article reports the development of the Stress-Related Growth Scale (SRGS) and its use in a study examining determinants of stress-related positive outcomes for college students. Study 1 analyses showed that the SRGS has acceptable internal and test-retest reliability and that scores are not influenced by social desirability. Study 2 analyses showed that college students' SRGS responses were significantly related to those provided by friends …
Religion as a Meaning‐Making Framework in Coping with Life Stress
This article explores how religion, as a meaning system, influences coping with adversity. First, a model emphasizing the role of meaning making in coping is presented. Next, religion as a meaning system is defined, and theory and research on the role of religion in the coping process are summarized. Results from the author's study of 169 bereaved college students are then presented to illustrate some of the pathways through which religious meani…
Merely a Defense? The Variety of Religious Means and Ends
This paper examines the validity of the view that religion is a defense, a mechanism designed to reduce tension by avoiding a threatening situation rather than confronting it. Empirical and theoretical literature is reviewed suggesting that tension reduction is one but not the only motivation for religious involvement. Additional evidence also indicates that religion is not simply a form of denial, not merely a passive form of coping, and not sol…
Anger toward God
Many people see themselves as being in a relationship with God and see this bond as comforting. Yet, perceived relationships with God also carry the potential for experiencing anger toward God, as shown here in studies with the U.S. population (Study 1), undergraduates (Studies 2 and 3), bereaved individuals (Study 4), and cancer survivors (Study 5). These studies addressed 3 fundamental issues regarding anger toward God: perceptions and attribut…
Intrinsic religiousness and religious coping as life stress moderators for Catholics versus Protestants
The relationship of coping strategies, social support, and attachment style with posttraumatic growth in cancer survivors
This cross-sectional study investigated attachment style, coping strategies, social support, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in 54 cancer survivors. Secure attachment was significantly associated with active coping, positive reframing, and religion, and these were all associated with PTG. Insecure types of attachment and social support variables were unrelated to PTG. Regression analysis suggests that positive reframing and religion as coping stra…
Trauma and Stress Response Among Hurricane Katrina Evacuees
Objectives. Hurricane Katrina’s impact on public health has been significant and multifaceted, with trauma-related psychological sequelae likely to result in a sizable burden of disease. Data were collected that assessed acute stress disorder (ASD) prevalence and factors related to ASD symptomatology among sheltered evacuees. Methods. On days 12 to 19 after Katrina, evacuees at a major emergency shelter completed surveys that assessed demographic…
Stress‐Related Growth and Thriving Through Coping
This article describes the theoretical perspectives and the empirical research relating personal dispositions, resources, appraisals, and coping processes to stress‐related growth and thriving within a transactional stress and coping framework. Following a description of this framework, the personal characteristics relevant to thriving and growth are reviewed. It is noted that personal characteristics may exert effects directly on positive outcom…
Paradigm Shift
Traditionally, medicine and the social and behavioral sciences have studied health by focusing on pathology. The purpose of this issue of the Journal is to go beyond such a vulnerability model and focus on thriving. We suggest that thriving represents something more than a return to equilibrium following a challenge. This issue describes a "value-added" model, whereby an individual or community may go beyond survival and recovery from a stressor …
Positive and Negative Health Behavior Changes in Cancer Survivors
Cancer survivors often make health behavior changes in response to their increased risk for subsequent health problems. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these changes or whether they differ for positive and negative changes. This cross-sectional study applied a stress and coping model to examine both positive and negative health behavior changes in 250 middle-aged cancer survivors. A structural equation model showed that s…
Invited Essay
This article integrates findings from a wide variety of research to describe the roles of death-specific religious beliefs in the course of stress and coping in bereavement. First, a meaning-making approach to the stress-coping process is presented and used to illustrate how death-specific beliefs provide meaning to the appraisal of a death and influence the process of coping with that death. Then, the constructs of belief in an afterlife and con…
Why practice yoga? Practitioners' motivations for adopting and maintaining yoga practice
We examined motives for adopting and maintaining yoga practice in a national survey of yoga practitioners (360 yoga students, 156 yoga teachers). Both students and teachers adopted yoga practice primarily for exercise and stress relief, but reported many other reasons, including flexibility, getting into shape, and depression/anxiety relief. Over 62 percent of students and 85 percent of teachers reported having changed their primary reason for pr…
Marital Status and Depressive Symptoms in African Americans
We examined the gendered role of social and religious resources in the association between marital status and depressive symptoms among a national probability sample of predominantly midlife and older African American adults ( N = 800). Greater levels of depressive symptoms were found for unmarried compared to married. A significant three-way interaction between marital status, gender, and resource variable was found only for religious social sup…
Spiritual Struggle and Adjustment to Loss in College Students
During their college years, students experience a variety of life transitions, including significant gains and losses. Spiritual transformations and struggles surrounding religious faith are also common during college. Despite its prominence, little is known about how spiritual struggle influences college students' adjustment to loss and whether the relationship differs by religious denomination. In a longitudinal study of college students dealin…
Coping styles moderate the relationship between perceived discrimination and eating behaviors during the transition to college
Gratitude to God
In two national samples in the United States, we aimed to determine the extent to which GTG is distinct from both general gratitude and general religiousness, using statistical methods to determine (1) if GTG shows patterns of association with other variables distinct from general gratitude and religiousness, and (2) whether GTG predicts wellbeing above and beyond both general gratitude and religiousness. Online studies were conducted with 267 (S…
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religious Motivation
Intrinsic and extrinsic (I/E) religious motives remain a perennial topic of interest within the psychology of religion. Yet, the status of this construct remains unclear despite many decades of research. The present overview describes conceptual and methodological concerns regarding I/E, including issues of definition, measurement, and cultural considerations. Historical and contemporary research findings regarding relations of I/E with prosocial…
Longitudinal effects of religious involvement on religious coping and health behaviors in a national sample of African Americans
God wastes nothing
While religious meaning-making has been extensively studied, emic religious coping remains largely unexplored. This consensual qualitative research study explored Catholic cancer survivors' ( N = 22) descriptions of drawing on their religious framework throughout their cancer journeys. Findings revealed distinctive Catholic resources such as the power of blessings, drawing comfort from the saints and sacraments, and "offering up" suffering as a f…
Testimony and meaning
We discuss testimony as a narrative structure and highlight its importance in informing culturally sensitive interventions aimed at supporting Black women with cancer. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Meaning Violations, Religious/Spiritual Struggles, and Meaning in Life in the Face of Stressful Life Events
Both meaning violations (i.e., discrepancies between individuals’ global meaning system and appraised meaning of events) and religious/spiritual (r/s) struggles (i.e., spiritual tensions often arising due to stressful life events) have been related to post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. While both constructs represent strain on an individual’s meaning system, their interrelations and their independent relationships with PTS symptoms are not wel…
A meaning-making model of post-migration growth for mainland Chinese university students in Hong Kong
Explaining the Relationship Between Personality and Health in a National Sample of African Americans
Though associations between personality and health have been previously observed, less is known about why such relationships exist. The present study examines whether social support mediated the relationship between personality traits and health among African Americans. We hypothesized that social support would help explain the relationship between each of the five-factor model traits and physical functioning. Data were collected from a national …
Authors' Response
In this article, we revisit and refine our definition of continued attachment (CA), emphasizing our interest in the belief in a literal ongoing, bidirectional relationship with the deceased and highlight the important roles that CA may play in the meaning-making coping that follows the death of a loved one. We also comment on Stroebe's (this issue) recommendations for conducting scientifically sound empirical work on this topic
The roles of constructive thinking and optimism in psychological and behavioral adjustment during pregnancy
This study examined the impact of constructive thinking on the anxiety, positive states of mind, and substance use of 221 women during pregnancy and the influence of optimism and perceived stress on these relationships. Participants were interviewed both early and late in pregnancy. Constructive thinking predicted both psychological and behavioral adjustment later in pregnancy, independent of age and social desirability. Subsequent path analyses …
Intrinsic religiousness and religious coping as life stress moderators for Catholics versus Protestants
Religious and nonreligious coping with the death of a friend
Merely a Defense? The Variety of Religious Means and Ends
This paper examines the validity of the view that religion is a defense, a mechanism designed to reduce tension by avoiding a threatening situation rather than confronting it. Empirical and theoretical literature is reviewed suggesting that tension reduction is one but not the only motivation for religious involvement. Additional evidence also indicates that religion is not simply a form of denial, not merely a passive form of coping, and not sol…
Assessment and Prediction of Stress-Related Growth
This article reports the development of the Stress-Related Growth Scale (SRGS) and its use in a study examining determinants of stress-related positive outcomes for college students. Study 1 analyses showed that the SRGS has acceptable internal and test-retest reliability and that scores are not influenced by social desirability. Study 2 analyses showed that college students' SRGS responses were significantly related to those provided by friends …
Meaning in the Context of Stress and Coping
Although theoretical and empirical work on topics related to meaning and meaning making proliferate, careful evaluation and integration of this area have not been carried out. Toward this end, this article has 3 goals: (a) to elaborate the critical dimensions of meaning as it relates to stressful life events and conditions, (b) to extend the transactional model of stress and coping to include these dimensions, and (c) to provide a framework for u…
Stability and Change in Psychosocial Resources during Caregiving and Bereavement in Partners of Men with Aids
This study examines the effects of caregiving and bereavement on psychosocial resources in HIV + and HIV− caregivers of men with AIDS. We explored three hypotheses regarding these effects: the “wear and tear” hypothesis, which asserts that the chronic stress of caregiving and bereavement diminishes resources; the “enhancement” hypothesis, which asserts that caregiver resources may increase in response to increased demands; and the “personality” h…
The roles of constructive thinking and optimism in psychological and behavioral adjustment during pregnancy
This study examined the impact of constructive thinking on the anxiety, positive states of mind, and substance use of 221 women during pregnancy and the influence of optimism and perceived stress on these relationships. Participants were interviewed both early and late in pregnancy. Constructive thinking predicted both psychological and behavioral adjustment later in pregnancy, independent of age and social desirability. Subsequent path analyses …
Posttraumatic Growth
Contents: Preface. R.G. Tedeschi, C.L. Park, L.G. Calhoun, Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Issues. L.H. Cohen, T.R. Hettler, N. Pane, Assessment of Posttraumatic Growth. C.M. Aldwin, K.J. Sutton, A Developmental Perspective on Posttraumatic Growth. H. Tennen, G. Affleck, Personality and Transformation in the Face of Adversity. J.A. Schaefer, R.H. Moos, The Context for Posttraumatic Growth: Life Crises, Individual and Social Resources, and Coping…
Stress‐Related Growth and Thriving Through Coping
This article describes the theoretical perspectives and the empirical research relating personal dispositions, resources, appraisals, and coping processes to stress‐related growth and thriving within a transactional stress and coping framework. Following a description of this framework, the personal characteristics relevant to thriving and growth are reviewed. It is noted that personal characteristics may exert effects directly on positive outcom…
Stress-Related Growth and Thriving Through Coping
This article describes the theoretical perspectives and the empirical research relating personal dispositions, resources, appraisals, and coping processes to stress-related growth and thriving within a transactional stress and coping framework. Following a description of this framework, the personal characteristics relevant to thriving and growth are reviewed. It is noted that personal characteristics may exert effects directly on positive outcom…
Paradigm Shift
Traditionally, medicine and the social and behavioral sciences have studied health by focusing on pathology. The purpose of this issue of the Journal is to go beyond such a vulnerability model and focus on thriving. We suggest that thriving represents something more than a return to equilibrium following a challenge. This issue describes a "value-added" model, whereby an individual or community may go beyond survival and recovery from a stressor …
Invited Essay
This article integrates findings from a wide variety of research to describe the roles of death-specific religious beliefs in the course of stress and coping in bereavement. First, a meaning-making approach to the stress-coping process is presented and used to illustrate how death-specific beliefs provide meaning to the appraisal of a death and influence the process of coping with that death. Then, the constructs of belief in an afterlife and con…
Authors' Response
In this article, we revisit and refine our definition of continued attachment (CA), emphasizing our interest in the belief in a literal ongoing, bidirectional relationship with the deceased and highlight the important roles that CA may play in the meaning-making coping that follows the death of a loved one. We also comment on Stroebe's (this issue) recommendations for conducting scientifically sound empirical work on this topic
Religion as a Meaning‐Making Framework in Coping with Life Stress
This article explores how religion, as a meaning system, influences coping with adversity. First, a model emphasizing the role of meaning making in coping is presented. Next, religion as a meaning system is defined, and theory and research on the role of religion in the coping process are summarized. Results from the author's study of 169 bereaved college students are then presented to illustrate some of the pathways through which religious meani…
Meaning Making and Growth
The meaning-making framework of trauma and recovery is presented. The following specific topics are discussed: (a) the meaning-making coping framework and the processes of meaning that typically occur following traumatic encounters; (b) empirical support for the meaning-making model; (c) the possibility that growth may result from this making of meaning; (d) methodologies for examining meaning making, including both quantitative and qualitative r…
Religiousness and Religious Coping as Determinants of Stress-related Growth
As research focusing on stress-related growth proliferates, links between religion and growth are increasingly reported. However, little research has focused on the role that religious coping plays in subsequent growth from major stressful life events. Findings from three longitudinal studies that examined aspects of religiousness as determinants of stress-related growth, as well as the potential mediation by religious coping, are presented. Resu…
Religiousness/Spirituality and Health
Coping, meaning in life, and quality of life in congestive heart failure patients
Trauma and Stress Response Among Hurricane Katrina Evacuees
Objectives. Hurricane Katrina’s impact on public health has been significant and multifaceted, with trauma-related psychological sequelae likely to result in a sizable burden of disease. Data were collected that assessed acute stress disorder (ASD) prevalence and factors related to ASD symptomatology among sheltered evacuees. Methods. On days 12 to 19 after Katrina, evacuees at a major emergency shelter completed surveys that assessed demographic…
Religiousness and Treatment Adherence in Congestive Heart Failure Patients
Background: Although adherence to medical treatment is often posited as a pathway through which religion exerts its effects on health, this notion has rarely been examined. We assessed associations between dimensions of religiousness and adherence with medical advice regarding health behaviors relevant to their illness in a sample of 202 congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. We hypothesized that participants with higher levels of religious sup…
Religion and Spirituality in Adjustment Following Bereavement
Surprisingly little research has examined the widely held assumption that religion and spirituality are generally helpful in adjusting to bereavement. A systematic literature search located 73 empirical articles that examined religion/spirituality in the context of bereavement. The authors describe the multidimensional nature of religion/spirituality and use this framework to organize and integrate the findings of these empirical articles. Overal…
Pathways to posttraumatic growth versus posttraumatic stress
Exposure to trauma can lead to both posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress, but little is known about the commonalities and differences in the pathways through which they occur. The authors examined coping and emotional reactions as mediators of the effect of television exposure on both posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress in a nationally representative sample of 1,004 U.S. adults approximately 6 weeks after the September 11, 2001…
Positive and Negative Health Behavior Changes in Cancer Survivors
Cancer survivors often make health behavior changes in response to their increased risk for subsequent health problems. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these changes or whether they differ for positive and negative changes. This cross-sectional study applied a stress and coping model to examine both positive and negative health behavior changes in 250 middle-aged cancer survivors. A structural equation model showed that s…
Does Self-Reported Posttraumatic Growth Reflect Genuine Positive Change?
In this study, we evaluated the validity of self-reported posttraumatic growth (PTG) by assessing the relation between perceived growth and actual growth from pre- to posttrauma. Undergraduate students completed measures tapping typical PTG domains at Time 1 and Time 2 (2 months later). We compared change in those measures with scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996 ) for those participants who reported a tra…
How does one become spiritual? The Spiritual Modeling Inventory of Life Environments (SMILE)
We report psychometric properties, correlates and underlying theory of the Spiritual Modeling Index of Life Environments (SMILE), a measure of perceptions of spiritual models, defined as everyday and prominent people who have functioned for respondents as exemplars of spiritual qualities, such as compassion, self-control, or faith. Demographic, spiritual, and personality correlates were examined in an ethnically diverse sample of college students…
Psychology (128 obras) · Social Psychology (90 obras) · Clinical Psychology (76 obras) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (71 obras) · Medicine (51 obras) · Psychotherapist (50 obras) · Developmental psychology (38 obras) · Clinical Psychology (36 obras) · Social Psychology (33 obras) · Psychiatry (32 obras)