Jeffrey F Cohn
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1463393 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Jeffrey F Cohn |
| NOMBRES | Jeffrey F |
| APELLIDO | Cohn |
| FIRMA | COHN J F |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Pittsburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9393-1116 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 30 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 352 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 30 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1983 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Automated measurement of infant and mother Duchenne facial expressions in the Face‐to‐Face/Still‐Face
Although still‐face effects are well‐studied, little is known about the degree to which the Face‐to‐Face/Still‐Face (FFSF) is associated with the production of intense affective displays. Duchenne smiling expresses more intense positive affect than non‐Duchenne smiling, while Duchenne cry‐faces express more intense negative affect than non‐Duchenne cry‐faces. Forty 4‐month‐old infants and their mothers completed the FFSF, and key affect‐indexing …
A Person- and Time-Varying Vector Autoregressive Model to Capture Interactive Infant-Mother Head Movement Dynamics
Head movement is an important but often overlooked component of emotion and social interaction. Examination of regularity and differences in head movements of infant-mother dyads over time and across dyads can shed light on whether and how mothers and infants alter their dynamics over the course of an interaction to adapt to each others. One way to study these emergent differences in dynamics is to allow parameters that govern the patterns of int…
Dyadic Interaction
The study of dyadic interaction plays a major role in infancy research. To advance conceptually informed measurement of dyadic interaction and integration across studies, we examined factor structure of individual parents' and infants' measures and dyadic measures from face‐to‐face interactions in two samples of 6‐month‐old infants and their parents: mothers from a demographically heterogeneous sample ( N = 164), and mothers and fathers ( N = 156…
The effects of alcohol on the emotional displays of Whites in interracial groups
Discomfort during interracial interactions is common among Whites in the U.S. and is linked to avoidance of interracial encounters. While the negative consequences of interracial discomfort are well-documented, understanding of its causes is still incomplete. Alcohol consumption has been shown to decrease negative emotions caused by self-presentational concern but increase negative emotions associated with racial prejudice. Using novel behavioral…
The eyes have it
Facial expressions frequently involve multiple individual facial actions. How do facial actions combine to create emotionally meaningful expressions? Infants produce positive and negative facial expressions at a range of intensities. It may be that a given facial action can index the intensity of both positive (smiles) and negative (cry-face) expressions. Objective, automated measurements of facial action intensity were paired with continuous rat…
Automated Measurement of Facial Expression in Infant–Mother Interaction
Automated facial measurement using computer vision has the potential to objectively document continuous changes in behavior. To examine emotional expression and communication, we used automated measurements to quantify smile strength, eye constriction, and mouth opening in two 6‐month‐old infant‐mother dyads who each engaged in a face‐to‐face interaction. Automated measurements showed high associations with anatomically based manual coding (concu…
Mapping and Manipulating Facial Expression
Nonverbal visual cues accompany speech to supplement the meaning of spoken words, signify emotional state, indicate position in discourse, and provide back-channel feedback. This visual information includes head movements, facial expressions and body gestures. In this article we describe techniques for manipulating both verbal and nonverbal facial gestures in video sequences of people engaged in conversation. We are developing a system for use in…
Adult Perceptions of Positive and Negative Infant Emotional Expressions
Adults' perceptions provide information about the emotional meaning of infant facial expressions. This study asks whether similar facial movements influence adult perceptions of emotional intensity in both infant positive (smile) and negative (cry face) facial expressions. Ninety-five college students rated a series of naturally occurring and digitally edited images of infant facial expressions. Naturally occurring smiles and cry faces involving …
Infant Affect During Parent—Infant Interaction at 3 and 6 Months
Fifty families participated in mother‐infant and father‐infant still‐face interaction at infant ages 3 and 6 months as part of a study of affect in early parent‐infant relationships. Infants' positive and negative affect and parents' positive affect and physical play were coded from videotapes. Consistent with previous research, during the normal condition, mothers displayed more positive affect than did fathers, and fathers were more likely than…
Additional Components of the Still‐Face Effect
Adamson and Frick (2003/this issue) provide an informative and often fascinating history of the still‐face paradigm and its applications in infancy research. With benefit of their review, one can identify several potentially important components of the still‐face paradigm that have been neglected in past research. These are the influence of the still face on parent and infant behavior during the reunion episode and expanded measurement of the sti…
Human facial expressions as adaptations
The importance of the face in social interaction and social intelligence is widely recognized in anthropology. Yet the adaptive functions of human facial expression remain largely unknown. An evolutionary model of human facial expression as behavioral adaptation can be constructed, given the current knowledge of the phenotypic variation, ecological contexts, and fitness consequences of facial behavior. Studies of facial expression are available, …
Infant affective responses to mother's still face at 6 months differentially predict externalizing and internalizing behaviors at 18 months
This study investigated (a) stability and change in infant affective responses to the still-face interaction, (b) whether maternal depression affected infant responses, and (c) whether responses to the still-face interaction predicted toddler problem behaviors.Infants (63 girls and 66 boys) of European American mothers (67 depressed and 62 nondepressed) were observed in the still-face interaction at 2, 4, and 6 months.Affect and gaze were coded o…
Gender differences in emotional expressivity and self-regulation during early infancy
Eighty-one 6-month-old infants and their mothers were videotaped in Tronick's face-to-face still-face paradigm to evaluate gender differences in infant and maternal emotional expressivity and regulation. Male infants had greater difficulty than female infants in maintaining affective regulation during each episode, including the still face. Mother-son dyads had higher synchrony scores than mother-daughter dyads but took longer in repairing intera…
Mothers' affective behavior with infant siblings
To evaluate within-family differences in maternal affective behavior toward siblings, face-to-face interactions were observed between 39 mothers and their firstborn and second-born infants at 2 months of age. Mother and infant affect was coded on a 1-s time base with behavioral descriptors. Mothers were more positive with second-born infants, and second-born infants were more positive than were firstborns. The siblings ' affective behaviors were …
Instability of infant-parent attachment security
Instability of infant–parent attachment security
According to attachment theory, the infant during the second half of the first year of life develops an internal representation of the attachment relationship. Once formed, this representation is relatively stable (although still subject to modification based on subsequent experience) and guides the infant's behavior in new situations. The Ainsworth and Wittig (1969) Strange Situation assesses infant attachment and, with some exceptions (e.g., in…
Depression in first-time mothers
Married, middle-class women who met diagnostic criteria for depression and a comparable group of nondepressed women were videotaped interacting with their infants at home at 2, 4, and 6 months. When depression was defined in terms of 2-month diagnosis, there were no differences between depressed and comparison mothers or babies in either positive interaction during feeding, face-to-face interaction, or toy play. However, women whose depressions l…
Are max-specified infant facial expressions during face-to-face interaction consistent with differential emotions theory
Differential emotions theory (DET) proposes that infant facial expressions of emotions are differentiated. To test this hypothesis, we examined infant facial expressions longitudinally at 2, 4, and 6 months of age during face-to-face play and a «still-face» interaction with their mothers. Infant expressions were coded using the Maximally Discriminative Facial Movement Coding System (Max). Consistent with DET, discrete positive expressions occurre…
Face-to-face interactions of postpartum depressed and nondepressed mother-infant pairs at 2 months
Depression's influence on mother-infant interactious at 2 months postpartum was studied in 24 depressed and 22 nondepressed mothex-infant dyads. Depression was diagnosed using the SADS-L and RDC. In S's homes, structured interactions of 3 min duration were videotaped and later coded using behavioral descriptors and a l-s time base. Unstructured interactions were described using rating scales. During structured interactions, depressed mothers were…
Face-to-face interactions of postpartum depressed and nondepressed mothernfant pairs at 2 months
A comparison of two systems that code infant affective expression
Etude de la validite parallele de deux systemes de codage des mouvements expressifs faciaux appliques au comportement de 12 enfants de 4 mois
Discrete versus scaling approaches to the description of mother-infant face-to-face interaction
Discrete versus scaling approaches to the description of mothernfant face-to-face interaction
Mother-infant face-to-face interaction
During mother-infant face-to-face interactions, bidirectional influence could be achieved through either the entraining of periodic cycles in the behavior of each partner or through the stochastic organization of behaviors. To determine whether and how bidirectional influence occurs, we used both time- and frequency-domain techniques to study the interactions of 54 mother-infant pairs, 18 each at 3, 6, and 9 months of age. Behavioral descriptors …
Human facial expressions as adaptations
The importance of the face in social interaction and social intelligence is widely recognized in anthropology. Yet the adaptive functions of human facial expression remain largely unknown. An evolutionary model of human facial expression as behavioral adaptation can be constructed, given the current knowledge of the phenotypic variation, ecological contexts, and fitness consequences of facial behavior. Studies of facial expression are available, …
Face-to-face interactions of postpartum depressed and nondepressed mother-infant pairs at 2 months
Depression's influence on mother-infant interactious at 2 months postpartum was studied in 24 depressed and 22 nondepressed mothex-infant dyads. Depression was diagnosed using the SADS-L and RDC. In S's homes, structured interactions of 3 min duration were videotaped and later coded using behavioral descriptors and a l-s time base. Unstructured interactions were described using rating scales. During structured interactions, depressed mothers were…
Depression in first-time mothers
Married, middle-class women who met diagnostic criteria for depression and a comparable group of nondepressed women were videotaped interacting with their infants at home at 2, 4, and 6 months. When depression was defined in terms of 2-month diagnosis, there were no differences between depressed and comparison mothers or babies in either positive interaction during feeding, face-to-face interaction, or toy play. However, women whose depressions l…
Gender differences in emotional expressivity and self-regulation during early infancy
Eighty-one 6-month-old infants and their mothers were videotaped in Tronick's face-to-face still-face paradigm to evaluate gender differences in infant and maternal emotional expressivity and regulation. Male infants had greater difficulty than female infants in maintaining affective regulation during each episode, including the still face. Mother-son dyads had higher synchrony scores than mother-daughter dyads but took longer in repairing intera…
Mother-infant face-to-face interaction
During mother-infant face-to-face interactions, bidirectional influence could be achieved through either the entraining of periodic cycles in the behavior of each partner or through the stochastic organization of behaviors. To determine whether and how bidirectional influence occurs, we used both time- and frequency-domain techniques to study the interactions of 54 mother-infant pairs, 18 each at 3, 6, and 9 months of age. Behavioral descriptors …
Mother–infant face-to-face interaction
Une etude effectuee aupres de 54 couples mere-enfant (les enfants etants âges de 3, 6 et 9 mois) met a l'epreuve des hypotheses tirees de la theorie de Brazelton sur la structure sequentielle de l'interaction entre la mere et le nourrisson en face a face
Mothers' affective behavior with infant siblings
To evaluate within-family differences in maternal affective behavior toward siblings, face-to-face interactions were observed between 39 mothers and their firstborn and second-born infants at 2 months of age. Mother and infant affect was coded on a 1-s time base with behavioral descriptors. Mothers were more positive with second-born infants, and second-born infants were more positive than were firstborns. The siblings ' affective behaviors were …
Instability of infant–parent attachment security
According to attachment theory, the infant during the second half of the first year of life develops an internal representation of the attachment relationship. Once formed, this representation is relatively stable (although still subject to modification based on subsequent experience) and guides the infant's behavior in new situations. The Ainsworth and Wittig (1969) Strange Situation assesses infant attachment and, with some exceptions (e.g., in…
Infant affective responses to mother's still face at 6 months differentially predict externalizing and internalizing behaviors at 18 months
This study investigated (a) stability and change in infant affective responses to the still-face interaction, (b) whether maternal depression affected infant responses, and (c) whether responses to the still-face interaction predicted toddler problem behaviors.Infants (63 girls and 66 boys) of European American mothers (67 depressed and 62 nondepressed) were observed in the still-face interaction at 2, 4, and 6 months.Affect and gaze were coded o…
Are max-specified infant facial expressions during face-to-face interaction consistent with differential emotions theory
Differential emotions theory (DET) proposes that infant facial expressions of emotions are differentiated. To test this hypothesis, we examined infant facial expressions longitudinally at 2, 4, and 6 months of age during face-to-face play and a «still-face» interaction with their mothers. Infant expressions were coded using the Maximally Discriminative Facial Movement Coding System (Max). Consistent with DET, discrete positive expressions occurre…
Discrete versus scaling approaches to the description of mother-infant face-to-face interaction
A comparison of two systems that code infant affective expression
Etude de la validite parallele de deux systemes de codage des mouvements expressifs faciaux appliques au comportement de 12 enfants de 4 mois
Mothernfant face-to-face interaction
Mother-infant face-to-face interaction
Face-to-face interactions of postpartum depressed and nondepressed mothernfant pairs at 2 months
Three-Month-Old Infants' Reaction to Simulated Maternal Depression
To investigate the nature of the young infant's social competence, the effect of depressed maternal expression during face-to-face interaction was examined using an experimental analogue of maternal depression. Subjects were 12 female and 12 male infants, ages 96-110 days, and their mothers. 2 counter-balanced experimental treatments consisted of 3 min of normal maternal interaction and 3 min of stimulated depressed interaction. A control treatme…
Face-to-face interactions of depressed mothers and their infants
Although some depressed mothers are withdrawn, others are highly engaged and intrusive. There are correspondences between the behavior of depressed mothers and their infants
Mother-infant face-to-face interaction
Mother–infant face-to-face interaction
Une etude effectuee aupres de 54 couples mere-enfant (les enfants etants âges de 3, 6 et 9 mois) met a l'epreuve des hypotheses tirees de la theorie de Brazelton sur la structure sequentielle de l'interaction entre la mere et le nourrisson en face a face
Discrete versus scaling approaches to the description of mother-infant face-to-face interaction
Discrete versus scaling approaches to the description of mothernfant face-to-face interaction
Mother-infant face-to-face interaction
During mother-infant face-to-face interactions, bidirectional influence could be achieved through either the entraining of periodic cycles in the behavior of each partner or through the stochastic organization of behaviors. To determine whether and how bidirectional influence occurs, we used both time- and frequency-domain techniques to study the interactions of 54 mother-infant pairs, 18 each at 3, 6, and 9 months of age. Behavioral descriptors …
Mothernfant face-to-face interaction
A comparison of two systems that code infant affective expression
Etude de la validite parallele de deux systemes de codage des mouvements expressifs faciaux appliques au comportement de 12 enfants de 4 mois
Face-to-face interactions of postpartum depressed and nondepressed mother-infant pairs at 2 months
Depression's influence on mother-infant interactious at 2 months postpartum was studied in 24 depressed and 22 nondepressed mothex-infant dyads. Depression was diagnosed using the SADS-L and RDC. In S's homes, structured interactions of 3 min duration were videotaped and later coded using behavioral descriptors and a l-s time base. Unstructured interactions were described using rating scales. During structured interactions, depressed mothers were…
Face-to-face interactions of postpartum depressed and nondepressed mothernfant pairs at 2 months
Are max-specified infant facial expressions during face-to-face interaction consistent with differential emotions theory
Differential emotions theory (DET) proposes that infant facial expressions of emotions are differentiated. To test this hypothesis, we examined infant facial expressions longitudinally at 2, 4, and 6 months of age during face-to-face play and a «still-face» interaction with their mothers. Infant expressions were coded using the Maximally Discriminative Facial Movement Coding System (Max). Consistent with DET, discrete positive expressions occurre…
Depression in first-time mothers
Married, middle-class women who met diagnostic criteria for depression and a comparable group of nondepressed women were videotaped interacting with their infants at home at 2, 4, and 6 months. When depression was defined in terms of 2-month diagnosis, there were no differences between depressed and comparison mothers or babies in either positive interaction during feeding, face-to-face interaction, or toy play. However, women whose depressions l…
Instability of infant-parent attachment security
Instability of infant–parent attachment security
According to attachment theory, the infant during the second half of the first year of life develops an internal representation of the attachment relationship. Once formed, this representation is relatively stable (although still subject to modification based on subsequent experience) and guides the infant's behavior in new situations. The Ainsworth and Wittig (1969) Strange Situation assesses infant attachment and, with some exceptions (e.g., in…
Mothers' affective behavior with infant siblings
To evaluate within-family differences in maternal affective behavior toward siblings, face-to-face interactions were observed between 39 mothers and their firstborn and second-born infants at 2 months of age. Mother and infant affect was coded on a 1-s time base with behavioral descriptors. Mothers were more positive with second-born infants, and second-born infants were more positive than were firstborns. The siblings ' affective behaviors were …
Gender differences in emotional expressivity and self-regulation during early infancy
Eighty-one 6-month-old infants and their mothers were videotaped in Tronick's face-to-face still-face paradigm to evaluate gender differences in infant and maternal emotional expressivity and regulation. Male infants had greater difficulty than female infants in maintaining affective regulation during each episode, including the still face. Mother-son dyads had higher synchrony scores than mother-daughter dyads but took longer in repairing intera…
Human facial expressions as adaptations
The importance of the face in social interaction and social intelligence is widely recognized in anthropology. Yet the adaptive functions of human facial expression remain largely unknown. An evolutionary model of human facial expression as behavioral adaptation can be constructed, given the current knowledge of the phenotypic variation, ecological contexts, and fitness consequences of facial behavior. Studies of facial expression are available, …
Infant affective responses to mother's still face at 6 months differentially predict externalizing and internalizing behaviors at 18 months
This study investigated (a) stability and change in infant affective responses to the still-face interaction, (b) whether maternal depression affected infant responses, and (c) whether responses to the still-face interaction predicted toddler problem behaviors.Infants (63 girls and 66 boys) of European American mothers (67 depressed and 62 nondepressed) were observed in the still-face interaction at 2, 4, and 6 months.Affect and gaze were coded o…
Additional Components of the Still‐Face Effect
Adamson and Frick (2003/this issue) provide an informative and often fascinating history of the still‐face paradigm and its applications in infancy research. With benefit of their review, one can identify several potentially important components of the still‐face paradigm that have been neglected in past research. These are the influence of the still face on parent and infant behavior during the reunion episode and expanded measurement of the sti…
Infant Affect During Parent—Infant Interaction at 3 and 6 Months
Fifty families participated in mother‐infant and father‐infant still‐face interaction at infant ages 3 and 6 months as part of a study of affect in early parent‐infant relationships. Infants' positive and negative affect and parents' positive affect and physical play were coded from videotapes. Consistent with previous research, during the normal condition, mothers displayed more positive affect than did fathers, and fathers were more likely than…
Adult Perceptions of Positive and Negative Infant Emotional Expressions
Adults' perceptions provide information about the emotional meaning of infant facial expressions. This study asks whether similar facial movements influence adult perceptions of emotional intensity in both infant positive (smile) and negative (cry face) facial expressions. Ninety-five college students rated a series of naturally occurring and digitally edited images of infant facial expressions. Naturally occurring smiles and cry faces involving …
Automated Measurement of Facial Expression in Infant–Mother Interaction
Automated facial measurement using computer vision has the potential to objectively document continuous changes in behavior. To examine emotional expression and communication, we used automated measurements to quantify smile strength, eye constriction, and mouth opening in two 6‐month‐old infant‐mother dyads who each engaged in a face‐to‐face interaction. Automated measurements showed high associations with anatomically based manual coding (concu…
Mapping and Manipulating Facial Expression
Nonverbal visual cues accompany speech to supplement the meaning of spoken words, signify emotional state, indicate position in discourse, and provide back-channel feedback. This visual information includes head movements, facial expressions and body gestures. In this article we describe techniques for manipulating both verbal and nonverbal facial gestures in video sequences of people engaged in conversation. We are developing a system for use in…
The eyes have it
Facial expressions frequently involve multiple individual facial actions. How do facial actions combine to create emotionally meaningful expressions? Infants produce positive and negative facial expressions at a range of intensities. It may be that a given facial action can index the intensity of both positive (smiles) and negative (cry-face) expressions. Objective, automated measurements of facial action intensity were paired with continuous rat…
Psychology (30 obras) · Developmental psychology (26 obras) · Social Psychology (15 obras) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (14 obras) · Communication (14 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (12 obras) · Facial expression (11 obras) · Social Psychology (11 obras) · Cognitive psychology (10 obras) · Social relation (10 obras)