Mark B Bush
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 147590 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Mark B Bush |
| NOMBRES | Mark B |
| APELLIDO | Bush |
| FIRMA | BUSH M B |
| AFILIACIONES | Florida Institute of Technology |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6894-8613 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 294 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1988 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
The legacy of post-Columbian disturbance in shaping a northwestern Amazonian forest
The ecological legacies of past human activity in modern Amazonian forests remain debated. Paleoecology helps provide long-term insights into land management practices and their ecological consequences. We analyzed fossil pollen, charcoal, phytoliths, and sediment chemistry from Añangucocha, a lake in Ecuadorian Amazonia, identifying six distinct phases of cultural use over the last 1120 years. All past cultural uses influenced vegetation composi…
Pre-Columbian vegetational and fire history in western Amazonia
Holocene histories of biome stability in northern Amazonian savannas
Paleoecological analysis of three lake sediment cores from the Roraima savannas in northern Brazil revealed systems dominated by Poaceae pollen throughout most of the Holocene. A slight increase of palms and woody taxa, probably linked to wetter conditions, is observed during the last 1000 years but is more noticeable after 300 and 150 calibrated years BP (yr BP) respectively. Charcoal was present throughout affirming the importance of fire for t…
Late-Holocene maize cultivation, fire, and forest change at Lake Ayauch i , Amazonian Ecuador
A high-resolution paleoecological record provides a 2690 year-long fossil pollen and charcoal history from Lake Ayauch i , Ecuador, in lowland Amazonia. The record begins with a landscape that is already partially deforested and in which maize is being grown. Dated charcoal fragments from local soils coincide with fire events and peaks of land clearance seen in the lake sediment record. After c. AD 550 grass pollen becomes less abundant, as a bro…
Phytolith assemblages reflect variability in human land use and the modern environment
Phytoliths preserved in soils and sediments can be used to provide unique insights into past vegetation dynamics in response to human and climate change. Phytoliths can reconstruct local vegetation in terrestrial soils where pollen grains typically decay, providing a range of markers (or lack thereof) that document past human activities. The ca. 6 million km 2 of Amazonian forests have relatively few baseline datasets documenting changes in phyto…
Past human-induced ecological legacies as a driver of modern Amazonian resilience
People have modified landscapes throughout the Holocene (the last c . 11,700 years) by modifying soils, burning forests, cultivating and domesticating plants, and directly and indirectly enriched and depleted plant abundances. These activities also took place in Amazonia, which is the largest contiguous piece of rainforest in the world, and for many decades was considered to have very little human impact until the modern era. The compositional sh…
Spatiotemporal patterns of pre-Columbian people in Amazonia
A current goal among many scientific disciplines is to incorporate data on past human land use and climate change into current global climate and vegetation models. Here, we used existing archaeological and paleoecological data to provide a spatiotemporal reconstruction of human history in Greater Amazonia over the Holocene. We used an ensemble distribution model based on a database of georeferenced 14 C-dated material and environmental factors t…
Four centuries of vegetation change in the mid-elevation Andean forests of Ecuador
Mid-elevation Andean ecosystems have immense species richness and endemism. Taxonomic composition is known to change through time on the eastern slopes of the Andes as a result of climatic change and disturbance events, both natural and by human actions. Fossil phytoliths can capture local scale vegetation changes, especially among monocotyledonous plants. Phytolith production is high in grasses and palms, plant groups that are particularly sensi…
Finding forest management in prehistoric Amazonia
In search of the ice age tropics, a tribute to Prof. Daniel Livingstone and Prof. Paul Colinvaux
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Vegetation responses to late Holocene climate changes in an Andean forest
A paleoecological record from Lake Palotoa (1370 m elevation) in the Andean foothills of Peru spans the last 3800 years. Lake Palotoa lies near the modern cloud base in a location sensitive to changes in atmospheric moisture. In many areas, these forests have been destroyed, but Lake Palotoa shows no sign of human occupation today or in the past. The modern forest surrounding the lake is dominated by the Andean palm, Dictyocaryum lamarckianum , w…
The collapse of megafaunal populations in southeastern Brazil
Whether humans or climate change caused the extinction of megafaunal populations is actively debated. Caves in the Lagoa Santa provide mixed assemblages of megafauna and human remains; however, it remains uncertain the extent to which humans and megafauna interacted or overlapped temporally. Here we present the first paleoecological record from lowland South America that tracks the decline of megafauna and its ecological implications. We provide …
A 12,700-year history of paleolimnological change from an Andean microrefugium
We present a 12,6700-yr limnological history of Lake Miski, a high-elevation lake in a wet section of the Peruvian Andes. While many shallow Andean lakes dried up during the mid-Holocene, loss-on-ignition, magnetic susceptibility, and diatom analysis showed that Lake Miski was a constant feature in the landscape. Overall, fluctuations in the fossil diatom communities of Lake Miski tracked changes in insolation, but this was not the only mechanism…
A 2000-year history of disturbance and recovery at a sacred site in Peru’s northeastern cloud forest
The last 2000 years in the tropical Andes was both a time of major pre-Hispanic and Hispanic period cultural developments, and increased climate variability. From c. AD 1000, Andean societies underwent significant transformation and many sites previously integrated under imperial Wari hegemony were abandoned. It has been argued that this sociopolitical reorganization was, in part, a response to the heightened climate variability of the late-Holoc…
A 400‐year isotopic record of seabird response to eastern tropical Pacific productivity
Seabirds play an important role in coastal environments, serving as key indicators of marine ecosystem variability as well as biovectors that influence terrestrial productivity and carbon storage. Long‐term estimates of seabird populations remain rare, but lakes that support large seabird populations in their watersheds can archive a history of seabird activity in their sediment records. Here we present a seabird guano‐influenced sediment record …
Climate change and the agricultural history of a mid-elevation Andean montane forest
The steep, wet, forested, slopes of the mid-elevation Andes have often been dismissed as inimical to human occupation. A lack of ancient lakes in these habitats has limited the availability of paleoecologists to contribute to this discussion. Here, we present fossil pollen and charcoal data from Lake Pomacochas in northern Peru, which is a 70-m-deep lake lying at 2100 m a.s.l. We present a c. 3500-year history of both significant climate change a…
Amazonia and the Anthropocene
The nature and spatial scale of prehistoric human landscape modifications in Amazonia are enduring questions. Original conceptions of the issues by archaeologists published more than 40 years ago posited little human influence because of putative environmental constraints. Empirical data accumulated more recently demonstrated dense, permanent settlements along major watercourses of the central and southern Amazon, and profound landscape alteratio…
Sparse Pre-Columbian Human Habitation in Western Amazonia
Population Limits Extensive pre-Columbian populations inhabited the central and eastern Amazon basin, as evidenced by the clearing and modification of forests. McMichael et al. (p. 1429 ) examined how far inland such activities may have extended by sampling soils across western Amazonia, including river bluffs, which were heavily occupied downstream. Little evidence of human disturbance across a wide region was found by looking for charcoal layer…
Anthropogenic control of late-Holocene landscapes in the Cuzco region, Peru
The rise of complex Andean cultures is tied to increasingly sophisticated use of natural resources and infrastructural development. Considerable debate surrounds the extent to which these societies were forced to respond to changing climates or whether their modifications to the landscape minimized climate impacts. Here, we present a region-wide perspective of paleoecological changes around Cuzco, Peru using three lake sediment records. We invest…
Pollen distribution along climatic and biogeographic gradients in northern Central America
Environmental reconstructions based on fossil pollen rely on the understanding of modern pollen distribution along climatic and biogeographic gradients. This study analyses the modern pollen spectra of Central America using three basic approaches: (1) the evaluation of using modern pollen spectra to differentiate the main vegetation types of the region, (2) the usage of non-linear regression to predict individual pollen abundances as a function o…
Spatial and temporal scales of pre-Columbian disturbance associated with western Amazonian lakes
The history of landscape alteration in Amazonia by humans prior to the arrival of Europeans remains poorly understood. Estimates of human population size at the time of European contact vary by several million, and the trajectories of cultural and agricultural development are equally uncertain. The extent to which human populations altered Amazonian ecosystems is a function of population size, land management style, radius of influence of each su…
A long history of cloud and forest migration from Lake Consuelo, Peru
The complete paleoecological history from Lake Consuelo forest yields a record of ground-level cloud formation and changes in its lower altitudinal limit over the last 46,300"cal yr BP. The timing of early lake level fluctuations prior to 37,000"cal yr BP appears sensitive to North Atlantic temperature oscillations, corresponding to Dansgaard"Oeschger interstadials 11, 10 and 8 recorded in GISP2. After the LGM, the first hint of warming is record…
An analysis of modern pollen representation and climatic conditions on the Galápagos Islands
In the first modern pollen trapping study conducted in the Galápagos Islands, 58 clusters of pollen traps were established on four islands: Genovesa, Rocas Bainbridge, Santa Cruz, and San Cristobal. HOBO data loggers collected temperature, humidity, and dew point every 30 min for 1 year at eight locations. The trapping locations were selected to provide a wide diversity of Galápagos habitat types and to support active or future analyses from bog …
A test of Sporormiella representation as a predictor of megaherbivore presence and abundance
Spores of the dung fungus Sporormiella have been suggested to indicate the presence, perhaps also the abundance of past megaherbivore populations. Nonetheless, basic studies demonstrating a correlation between Sporormiella concentration in lacustrine sediments and modern herbivore abundance are lacking. This study of Sporormiella representation in grazed and ungrazed landscapes provides supporting evidence for the application of Sporormiella as a…
A 24,700-yr paleolimnological history from the Peruvian Andes
A new paleolimnological dataset from Lake Pacucha (13 °S, 3095 m elevation) in the Peruvian Andes provides evidence of changes in lake level over the past 24,700 yr. A late-glacial highstand in lake level gave way to an early-Holocene lowstand. This transition appears to have paralleled precessional changes that would have reduced insolation during the wet-season. The occurrence of benthic/salt-tolerant diatoms and CaCO 3 deposition suggest that …
Amazonia and the Anthropocene
The nature and spatial scale of prehistoric human landscape modifications in Amazonia are enduring questions. Original conceptions of the issues by archaeologists published more than 40 years ago posited little human influence because of putative environmental constraints. Empirical data accumulated more recently demonstrated dense, permanent settlements along major watercourses of the central and southern Amazon, and profound landscape alteratio…
Spatial and temporal scales of pre-Columbian disturbance associated with western Amazonian lakes
The history of landscape alteration in Amazonia by humans prior to the arrival of Europeans remains poorly understood. Estimates of human population size at the time of European contact vary by several million, and the trajectories of cultural and agricultural development are equally uncertain. The extent to which human populations altered Amazonian ecosystems is a function of population size, land management style, radius of influence of each su…
Two histories of environmental change and human disturbance in eastern lowland Amazonia
Two long palaeoecological records (pollen, diatoms, 14 C, chemistry and charcoal) provide a detailed record of Holocene environmental conditions in the lowlands of the lower Amazon. Changes in the composition of the terra firme forest are evident but a forest cover is maintained throughout. Fluctuations in lake level and changes in seasonality are tracked in both sedimentary sequences. Rising early-Holocene sea levels and the consequent rise of l…
Paleoecological perspectives on human adaptation in central Panama. II the Holocene
A 17.5 m sedimentary core from Lake La Yeguada, central Panama provides the first complete Holocene sequence for the Pacific watershed of Lower Central America. Phytolith, pollen, and charcoal records document a long lowland history of foraging and food production. Human modification of tropical forests can be described as systematic during the early Holocene and was possibly associated with small-scale (garden?) horticulture involving native tub…
The Rain-Forest Ecosystem as a Resource for Hunting and Gathering
Finding forest management in prehistoric Amazonia
Paleoecological perspectives on human adaptation in central Panama. I. The Pleistocene
Paleoecological data from two sites in central Pacific Panama have allowed the reconstruction of Late Pleistocene climate and vegetation in lowland areas, the timing of important environmental changes, and the generation of predictions concerning Paleoindian settlement and subsistence. The last 9000 years of the glacial period, from 20,000 B.P. until 11,050 B.P. were marked by climates cooler and drier than today's. The period from ca. 16,000 B.P…
Early mesolithic disturbance
Past human-induced ecological legacies as a driver of modern Amazonian resilience
People have modified landscapes throughout the Holocene (the last c . 11,700 years) by modifying soils, burning forests, cultivating and domesticating plants, and directly and indirectly enriched and depleted plant abundances. These activities also took place in Amazonia, which is the largest contiguous piece of rainforest in the world, and for many decades was considered to have very little human impact until the modern era. The compositional sh…
Anthropogenic control of late-Holocene landscapes in the Cuzco region, Peru
The rise of complex Andean cultures is tied to increasingly sophisticated use of natural resources and infrastructural development. Considerable debate surrounds the extent to which these societies were forced to respond to changing climates or whether their modifications to the landscape minimized climate impacts. Here, we present a region-wide perspective of paleoecological changes around Cuzco, Peru using three lake sediment records. We invest…
Pollen distribution along climatic and biogeographic gradients in northern Central America
Environmental reconstructions based on fossil pollen rely on the understanding of modern pollen distribution along climatic and biogeographic gradients. This study analyses the modern pollen spectra of Central America using three basic approaches: (1) the evaluation of using modern pollen spectra to differentiate the main vegetation types of the region, (2) the usage of non-linear regression to predict individual pollen abundances as a function o…
Late-Holocene maize cultivation, fire, and forest change at Lake Ayauch i , Amazonian Ecuador
A high-resolution paleoecological record provides a 2690 year-long fossil pollen and charcoal history from Lake Ayauch i , Ecuador, in lowland Amazonia. The record begins with a landscape that is already partially deforested and in which maize is being grown. Dated charcoal fragments from local soils coincide with fire events and peaks of land clearance seen in the lake sediment record. After c. AD 550 grass pollen becomes less abundant, as a bro…
A 2000-year history of disturbance and recovery at a sacred site in Peru’s northeastern cloud forest
The last 2000 years in the tropical Andes was both a time of major pre-Hispanic and Hispanic period cultural developments, and increased climate variability. From c. AD 1000, Andean societies underwent significant transformation and many sites previously integrated under imperial Wari hegemony were abandoned. It has been argued that this sociopolitical reorganization was, in part, a response to the heightened climate variability of the late-Holoc…
Climate change and the agricultural history of a mid-elevation Andean montane forest
The steep, wet, forested, slopes of the mid-elevation Andes have often been dismissed as inimical to human occupation. A lack of ancient lakes in these habitats has limited the availability of paleoecologists to contribute to this discussion. Here, we present fossil pollen and charcoal data from Lake Pomacochas in northern Peru, which is a 70-m-deep lake lying at 2100 m a.s.l. We present a c. 3500-year history of both significant climate change a…
On the antiquity of British chalk grasslands
Forest development on Rakata, Panjang and Sertung
Modern pollen-rain data from South and Central America
Modern pollen rain data from a suite of sites in lowland South and Central America are analysed by means of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), and are shown to have discernible characteristics for major vegetation types: varzea, igapo, semi-deciduous, cerrado and terra firme forest. Data analysis demonstrates the potential for detailed palaeoclimatic reconstructions of lowland tropical envir…
Phytolith assemblages reflect variability in human land use and the modern environment
Phytoliths preserved in soils and sediments can be used to provide unique insights into past vegetation dynamics in response to human and climate change. Phytoliths can reconstruct local vegetation in terrestrial soils where pollen grains typically decay, providing a range of markers (or lack thereof) that document past human activities. The ca. 6 million km 2 of Amazonian forests have relatively few baseline datasets documenting changes in phyto…
An analysis of modern pollen representation and climatic conditions on the Galápagos Islands
In the first modern pollen trapping study conducted in the Galápagos Islands, 58 clusters of pollen traps were established on four islands: Genovesa, Rocas Bainbridge, Santa Cruz, and San Cristobal. HOBO data loggers collected temperature, humidity, and dew point every 30 min for 1 year at eight locations. The trapping locations were selected to provide a wide diversity of Galápagos habitat types and to support active or future analyses from bog …
Ice Age southern Andes
Debate. Protector Somerset and the 1549 rebellions
Anak Krakatau and old Krakatau
Early mesolithic disturbance
A 6,000 year history of Amazonian maize cultivation
On the antiquity of British chalk grasslands
Paleoenvironments and Human Occupation in Late-Glacial Panama
The first pollen and phytolith data covering the entire Pleistocene/Holocene transition from the lowlands of the Central American isthmus indicate that the forests of late-glacial Panama at an altitude of 650 m resembled those currently found at ca. 1500–1800 m. A temperature depression of ca. 5°C and reduced precipitation/evaporation ratios in the late-glacial period are suggested. Forest composition from ca. 14,000 to 10,500 yr B.P., although p…
Late Pleistocene Temperature Depression and Vegetation Change in Ecuadorian Amazonia
Paleoecological (pollen, phytolith, and wood) analyses of sediments, radiocarbon dated 33,000 to 26,000 yr B.P., from two sites in Ecuadorian Amazonia provide data that suggest a cooling of ca. 7.5°C below present in equatorial lowlands from 33,000 to 30,000 yr B.P. A period of warning followed in which novel species assemblages, a blend of montane and lowland floral components, persisted for at least 4000 years. These data of forest community ch…
Modern pollen-rain data from South and Central America
Modern pollen rain data from a suite of sites in lowland South and Central America are analysed by means of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), and are shown to have discernible characteristics for major vegetation types: varzea, igapo, semi-deciduous, cerrado and terra firme forest. Data analysis demonstrates the potential for detailed palaeoclimatic reconstructions of lowland tropical envir…
Paleoecological perspectives on human adaptation in central Panama. I. The Pleistocene
Paleoecological data from two sites in central Pacific Panama have allowed the reconstruction of Late Pleistocene climate and vegetation in lowland areas, the timing of important environmental changes, and the generation of predictions concerning Paleoindian settlement and subsistence. The last 9000 years of the glacial period, from 20,000 B.P. until 11,050 B.P. were marked by climates cooler and drier than today's. The period from ca. 16,000 B.P…
Paleoecological perspectives on human adaptation in central Panama. II the Holocene
A 17.5 m sedimentary core from Lake La Yeguada, central Panama provides the first complete Holocene sequence for the Pacific watershed of Lower Central America. Phytolith, pollen, and charcoal records document a long lowland history of foraging and food production. Human modification of tropical forests can be described as systematic during the early Holocene and was possibly associated with small-scale (garden?) horticulture involving native tub…
The Rain-Forest Ecosystem as a Resource for Hunting and Gathering
Ecological aspects of plant colonisation of the Krakatau Islands
Forest development on Rakata, Panjang and Sertung
Anak Krakatau and old Krakatau
Anak Krakatau and old Krakatau — a further comment
Anak Krakatau and old Krakatau -a Further Comment
Glacial and Postglacial Pollen Records from the Ecuadorian Andes and Amazon
A long pollen record is derived from sediments of a lake dammed behind a low moraine of the last glaciation at 3°S latitude in the Ecuadorian Andes and is compared with a glacial age pollen record from the Amazon rainforest immediately below. Lake Surucucho (Llaviucu) lies at 3180 m on the Amazonian flank of the Andes and above the glacial age pollen record from San Juan Bosco at 970 m. The Surucucho pollen record is interpreted as showing treele…
Deriving Response Matrices from Central American Modern Pollen Rain
Modern pollen samples collected from 80 locations and representing a wide array of mature habitats in Panama and Costa Rica provide analogs to assist in the interpretation of fossil pollen records. Pollen spectra accurately reflect changes in actual forest types. Upslope transport of pollen of anemophilous species is evident in the sparsely vegetated montane samples. However, the corresponding downslope transport of these prolific pollen producer…
Debate. Protector Somerset and the 1549 rebellions
Two histories of environmental change and human disturbance in eastern lowland Amazonia
Two long palaeoecological records (pollen, diatoms, 14 C, chemistry and charcoal) provide a detailed record of Holocene environmental conditions in the lowlands of the lower Amazon. Changes in the composition of the terra firme forest are evident but a forest cover is maintained throughout. Fluctuations in lake level and changes in seasonality are tracked in both sedimentary sequences. Rising early-Holocene sea levels and the consequent rise of l…
Vegetation and climate change on the Bolivian Altiplano between 108,000 and 18,000 yr ago
A 90,000-yr record of environmental change before 18,000 cal yr B.P. has been constructed using pollen analyses from a sediment core obtained from Salar de Uyuni (3653 m above sea level) on the Bolivian Altiplano. The sequence consists of alternating mud and salt, which reflect shifts between wet and dry periods. Low abundances of aquatic species between 108,000 and 50,000 yr ago (such as Myriophyllum and Isoëtes ) and marked fluctuations in Pedi…
Ice Age southern Andes
Deglaciation and Holocene climate change in the western Peruvian Andes
Pollen, charcoal, magnetic susceptibility, and bulk density data provide the first paleoecological record spanning the last 33,000 years from the western cordillera of the Peruvian Andes. Sparse super-puna vegetation existed before 30,000 cal yr B.P. around Lake Compuerta (3950 m elevation), prior to a sedimentary hiatus that lasted until c. 16,200 cal yr B.P. When sedimentation resumed, a glacial foreland or super-puna flora is represented in wh…
Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum
A test of Sporormiella representation as a predictor of megaherbivore presence and abundance
Spores of the dung fungus Sporormiella have been suggested to indicate the presence, perhaps also the abundance of past megaherbivore populations. Nonetheless, basic studies demonstrating a correlation between Sporormiella concentration in lacustrine sediments and modern herbivore abundance are lacking. This study of Sporormiella representation in grazed and ungrazed landscapes provides supporting evidence for the application of Sporormiella as a…
A 24,700-yr paleolimnological history from the Peruvian Andes
A new paleolimnological dataset from Lake Pacucha (13 °S, 3095 m elevation) in the Peruvian Andes provides evidence of changes in lake level over the past 24,700 yr. A late-glacial highstand in lake level gave way to an early-Holocene lowstand. This transition appears to have paralleled precessional changes that would have reduced insolation during the wet-season. The occurrence of benthic/salt-tolerant diatoms and CaCO 3 deposition suggest that …
A long history of cloud and forest migration from Lake Consuelo, Peru
The complete paleoecological history from Lake Consuelo forest yields a record of ground-level cloud formation and changes in its lower altitudinal limit over the last 46,300"cal yr BP. The timing of early lake level fluctuations prior to 37,000"cal yr BP appears sensitive to North Atlantic temperature oscillations, corresponding to Dansgaard"Oeschger interstadials 11, 10 and 8 recorded in GISP2. After the LGM, the first hint of warming is record…
Geography (40 obras) · Biology (28 obras) · Physical geography (28 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (25 obras) · Ecology (23 obras) · Holocene (21 obras) · Archaeology (20 obras) · Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory (17 obras) · Climate change (16 obras) · Geology (16 obras)