Lawrence L Loendorf
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 147918 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Lawrence L Loendorf |
| NOMBRES | Lawrence L |
| APELLIDO | Loendorf |
| FIRMA | LOENDORF L L |
| AFILIACIONES | New Mexico State University |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 99 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 22 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1983 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
The Implications of Fremont Pottery in Montana
Fremont pottery was recovered at the Valley of the Shields rock art site in Montana and dated by luminescence at circa A.D. 1500. The Fremont archaeological culture of northern Colorado and Utah is thought to have dispersed circa A.D. 1350, meaning that Montana Fremont pottery appeared late in time. Recent research suggests that the Fremont spoke a Tanoan language, and when they disbanded, major groups moved east to join the Rio Grande Pueblos, w…
The Wold Rock Art District, Wyoming (48JO4513)
This article demonstrates the importance of geoarchaeological investigations as part of rock art recording and research. The Wold Rock Art District, Wyoming (48JO4513), situated along a short reach of the Middle Fork of the Powder River, contains a suite of rare, contemporaneous, white-painted stenciled human hands and associated paintings. Most are accessible from the present ground surface, but others are stranded as much as 4 m high. Geoarchae…
Age estimates for the rock art at the Rocky Ridge site (Utah) based on archaeological and archaeometric evidence
Rock art provides unique information on human prehistory, but the difficulty of dating these images limits our ability to place them into a larger archaeological context. In this study, we apply a combination of archaeological information and archaeometric measurements to address this challenge in a field study at the rock art site at Rocky Ridge, Utah. We developed a preliminary classification scheme of descriptive figure types and performed mea…
The Archer and the Shield-Bearing Warrior
At the Painted Coulee site (24JT86), pictographs depicting both atlatl and bow technology are present. We utilized plasma oxidation followed by accelerator mass spectrometry to directly radiocarbon date the organic material in two paint samples. A red painting of an anthropomorph with a shield and a possible atlatl in conflict with a fleeing person holding a bow was dated to 1790 ± 50 RCYBP (cal AD 120-390). Another red anthropomorph wearing snow…
Down the Rabbit Hole
The Sheep Mountain juniper bark net, originally thought to be of Paleoindian age, was redated by Sundstrom and Walker (2021) to the Late Prehistoric period. Although the original investigators convincingly argued that the net was intended for use with mountain sheep or deer, Sundstrom and Walker suggest it was used to trap small game such as rabbits or sage grouse. Unfortunately, the authors ignore important information presented by the original …
Serpentine bends site #1
Radiocarbon dating a pictograph at Medicine Lodge Creek, Wyoming
Wyoming State Parks recovered a large chunk of the Medicine Lodge Creek Archaeological Site cliff wall, which had fallen away, with rock paintings on it. A sample from one of the paintings was dated to 800 BP with the Plasma Oxidation dating method. Comparison to regional sites suggests the dated painting is part of the Foothills Abstract tradition or a variant of the Columbia Plateau tradition
Pétroglyphes anciens dans les grandes plaines d’Amérique du nord
Les recherches sur les Hautes Plaines d’Amérique du Nord ont été orientées vers la chronologie des pétroglyphes au moyen de méthodes relatives. Dans plusieurs sites, les dépôts de sol qui ont autrefois recouvert les panneaux de gravures ont pu être datés par C14, permettant d’établir un âge radiocarbone des manifestations d’art rupestre de l’Early Archaic autour de 4 500 ans BP. Ces pétroglyphes anciens sont abstraits et piquetés avec des formes …
Old Petroglyphs on the North American High Plains
Research on North America's High Plains has been directed toward establishing the age of petroglyphs through relative methods.At several sites it has been possible to 14 C date soil deposits that formerly buried petroglyph panels so it is possible to establish an age of Early Archaic petroglyphs at 4 500 BP.These old Archaic petroglyphs are pecked abstracts with distinctive forms.Fortunately they are so distinct that they can be recognized at oth…
Discovering North American Rock Art
From the high plains of Canada to caves in the southeastern United States, images etched into and painted on stone by ancient Native Americans have aroused in observers the desire to understand their origins and meanings. Rock paintings and engravings can be found in nearly every state and province, and each region has its own distinctive story of discovery and evolving investigation of the rock art record. Rock art in the twenty-first century en…
Restoring a Presence
Journal Article Restoring a Presence: American Indians and Yellowstone National Park Get access Restoring a Presence: American Indians and Yellowstone National Park. By Nabokov Peter Loendorf Lawrence. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. xvii + 381 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95.) Robert H. Keller Robert H. Keller Western Washington University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google S…
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Rock Art Pigments
Portable x-ray fluorescence technology has proved to be a very useful tool for identifying the mineral constituents of rock art paintings. This paper describes its use to identify chromium, whose likely source was the mineral fuchsite, as the green coloring agent in Montana and Wyoming pictographs. High levels of lead were also detected in a series of pictographs from Weatherman Draw in south central Montana that were reported to have been repain…
Bird Rattle’s Petroglyphs at Writing-On-Stone
Writing-On-Stone is well-known for its Plains Biographic rock art, characterized by distinctive motifs and narrative compositions. Biographic rock art flourished from the Late Prehistoric period throughout the nineteenth century. Although related images were drawn on hides and paper well into the twentieth century, it was unclear whether Biographic rock art also persisted this late. The recent discovery of photographs and narrative of a 1924 trip…
Dated Rock Paintings at Red Cliffs, Arizona
This article presents radiocarbon dates for painted motifs at Red Cliffs, west of Sedona in the northeastern corner of Yavapai County, Arizona. All rock painting shields at the Red Cliffs sites have usually been attributed to the Sinagua. Black pigment from one shield motif and an overlying white dot on another motif yielded uncalibrated radiocarbon dates of 1080 and 550 years B.P., respectively. The black pigment sample dates to a time when the …
Ghost Dancing the Grand Canyon
Combining rock art studies with ethnohistory, contemporary ethnographic analysis, and the interpretations of people who share the cultural traditions being studied, this paper documents a rock art site in Kanab Creek Canyon that appears to have been the location of a Ghost Dance ceremony performed by Southern Paiute and perhaps Hualapai people in the late 1800s. Using the site as a point of departure, it focuses on the way in which synergistic as…
New Light on Old Art
Dating A Pictograph in The Pryor Mountains, Montana
We have dated a sample of red paint taken near an anthropomorphic pictograph in Elk Creek Cave in the Pryor Mountains, Montana. The radiocarbon date obtained, 840±50 years BP, is in agreement with expectations based on archaeological inforence
AMS Radiocarbon and Cation-Ratio Dating of Rock Art in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana
Samples of organic matter and rock varnish from seven rock-art sites in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana were collected for dating purposes. Petroglyphs sampled include Dinwoody-style figures, shield-bearing warriors, and other well-known Plains rock-art motifs. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of 10 petroglyphs yielded dates from the Early Archaic to the Protohistoric periods. A strong numerical relation between varnish leachin…
New Approach to the Radiocarbon Dating of Rock Varnish, with Examples from Drylands
New electron microscope observations reveal that organic inclusions are often trapped in pockets under rock varnish. Accelerator radiocarbon dating of subvarnish organic detritus provides a new method of constraining when a rock was exposed by cultural or geomorphic processes. Applications are exemplified for human artifacts and landforms found in drylands. Three radiocarbon dates from 30,000 to 36,000 yr B.P. indicate rock engravings in South Au…
Cation-ratio varnish dating and petroglyph chronology in southeastern Colorado
Pecked figures - seeming to depict humans, animals, objects and 'abstract' shapes - are an important and recalcitrant aspect to the archaeology of the desert USA, in the Great Basin and the Southwest. Where they are covered by desert varnish, they provide an opportunity for an absolute dating by cation-ratio method. Here - as they did not for a similar study in South Australia reported in an earlier Antiquity - the cation-ratio dates do seem to r…
A Dated Rock Art Panel Of Shield Bearing Warriors In South Central Montana
The use of traditional archaeological excavation to recover the tools used to complete a pictograph or petroglyph is one way rock art can be dated. Two sandstone abraders, used to smooth the rock face prior to painting a shield bearing warrior motif, were recovered in a datable context beneath a rock art panel in south central Montana. One of these abraders still had paint pigment adhering to it that matched one of the colors in the pictograph. T…
The Rock Art of the North American Indians
Rainy Buttes Silicified Wood
(1984). Rainy Buttes Silicified Wood: Plains Anthropologist: Vol. 29, No. 106, pp. 335-338
An Examination of Tip Rings in the Bighorn Canyon-Pryor Mountain Area
From 1968 through 1974, approximately 500 archaeological sites were recorded in the Pryor MountainBighorn Canyon area of south-central Montana. One hundred and twenty-two of these exhibited from one to 230 tipi rings. The tipi ring sites were examined to determine the relationships between sites, number of rings, density of artifactual debris, and site settings. It is possible to make two important statements on the basis of the analysis: (1) tip…
New Approach to the Radiocarbon Dating of Rock Varnish, with Examples from Drylands
New electron microscope observations reveal that organic inclusions are often trapped in pockets under rock varnish. Accelerator radiocarbon dating of subvarnish organic detritus provides a new method of constraining when a rock was exposed by cultural or geomorphic processes. Applications are exemplified for human artifacts and landforms found in drylands. Three radiocarbon dates from 30,000 to 36,000 yr B.P. indicate rock engravings in South Au…
Ghost Dancing the Grand Canyon
Combining rock art studies with ethnohistory, contemporary ethnographic analysis, and the interpretations of people who share the cultural traditions being studied, this paper documents a rock art site in Kanab Creek Canyon that appears to have been the location of a Ghost Dance ceremony performed by Southern Paiute and perhaps Hualapai people in the late 1800s. Using the site as a point of departure, it focuses on the way in which synergistic as…
Cation-ratio varnish dating and petroglyph chronology in southeastern Colorado
Pecked figures - seeming to depict humans, animals, objects and 'abstract' shapes - are an important and recalcitrant aspect to the archaeology of the desert USA, in the Great Basin and the Southwest. Where they are covered by desert varnish, they provide an opportunity for an absolute dating by cation-ratio method. Here - as they did not for a similar study in South Australia reported in an earlier Antiquity - the cation-ratio dates do seem to r…
Bird Rattle’s Petroglyphs at Writing-On-Stone
Writing-On-Stone is well-known for its Plains Biographic rock art, characterized by distinctive motifs and narrative compositions. Biographic rock art flourished from the Late Prehistoric period throughout the nineteenth century. Although related images were drawn on hides and paper well into the twentieth century, it was unclear whether Biographic rock art also persisted this late. The recent discovery of photographs and narrative of a 1924 trip…
A Dated Rock Art Panel Of Shield Bearing Warriors In South Central Montana
The use of traditional archaeological excavation to recover the tools used to complete a pictograph or petroglyph is one way rock art can be dated. Two sandstone abraders, used to smooth the rock face prior to painting a shield bearing warrior motif, were recovered in a datable context beneath a rock art panel in south central Montana. One of these abraders still had paint pigment adhering to it that matched one of the colors in the pictograph. T…
AMS Radiocarbon and Cation-Ratio Dating of Rock Art in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana
Samples of organic matter and rock varnish from seven rock-art sites in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana were collected for dating purposes. Petroglyphs sampled include Dinwoody-style figures, shield-bearing warriors, and other well-known Plains rock-art motifs. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of 10 petroglyphs yielded dates from the Early Archaic to the Protohistoric periods. A strong numerical relation between varnish leachin…
Restoring a Presence
Journal Article Restoring a Presence: American Indians and Yellowstone National Park Get access Restoring a Presence: American Indians and Yellowstone National Park. By Nabokov Peter Loendorf Lawrence. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. xvii + 381 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95.) Robert H. Keller Robert H. Keller Western Washington University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google S…
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Rock Art Pigments
Portable x-ray fluorescence technology has proved to be a very useful tool for identifying the mineral constituents of rock art paintings. This paper describes its use to identify chromium, whose likely source was the mineral fuchsite, as the green coloring agent in Montana and Wyoming pictographs. High levels of lead were also detected in a series of pictographs from Weatherman Draw in south central Montana that were reported to have been repain…
Dating A Pictograph in The Pryor Mountains, Montana
We have dated a sample of red paint taken near an anthropomorphic pictograph in Elk Creek Cave in the Pryor Mountains, Montana. The radiocarbon date obtained, 840±50 years BP, is in agreement with expectations based on archaeological inforence
Dated Rock Paintings at Red Cliffs, Arizona
This article presents radiocarbon dates for painted motifs at Red Cliffs, west of Sedona in the northeastern corner of Yavapai County, Arizona. All rock painting shields at the Red Cliffs sites have usually been attributed to the Sinagua. Black pigment from one shield motif and an overlying white dot on another motif yielded uncalibrated radiocarbon dates of 1080 and 550 years B.P., respectively. The black pigment sample dates to a time when the …
Down the Rabbit Hole
The Sheep Mountain juniper bark net, originally thought to be of Paleoindian age, was redated by Sundstrom and Walker (2021) to the Late Prehistoric period. Although the original investigators convincingly argued that the net was intended for use with mountain sheep or deer, Sundstrom and Walker suggest it was used to trap small game such as rabbits or sage grouse. Unfortunately, the authors ignore important information presented by the original …
Serpentine bends site #1
An Examination of Tip Rings in the Bighorn Canyon-Pryor Mountain Area
From 1968 through 1974, approximately 500 archaeological sites were recorded in the Pryor MountainBighorn Canyon area of south-central Montana. One hundred and twenty-two of these exhibited from one to 230 tipi rings. The tipi ring sites were examined to determine the relationships between sites, number of rings, density of artifactual debris, and site settings. It is possible to make two important statements on the basis of the analysis: (1) tip…
Rainy Buttes Silicified Wood
(1984). Rainy Buttes Silicified Wood: Plains Anthropologist: Vol. 29, No. 106, pp. 335-338
The Rock Art of the North American Indians
A Dated Rock Art Panel Of Shield Bearing Warriors In South Central Montana
The use of traditional archaeological excavation to recover the tools used to complete a pictograph or petroglyph is one way rock art can be dated. Two sandstone abraders, used to smooth the rock face prior to painting a shield bearing warrior motif, were recovered in a datable context beneath a rock art panel in south central Montana. One of these abraders still had paint pigment adhering to it that matched one of the colors in the pictograph. T…
Cation-ratio varnish dating and petroglyph chronology in southeastern Colorado
Pecked figures - seeming to depict humans, animals, objects and 'abstract' shapes - are an important and recalcitrant aspect to the archaeology of the desert USA, in the Great Basin and the Southwest. Where they are covered by desert varnish, they provide an opportunity for an absolute dating by cation-ratio method. Here - as they did not for a similar study in South Australia reported in an earlier Antiquity - the cation-ratio dates do seem to r…
New Approach to the Radiocarbon Dating of Rock Varnish, with Examples from Drylands
New electron microscope observations reveal that organic inclusions are often trapped in pockets under rock varnish. Accelerator radiocarbon dating of subvarnish organic detritus provides a new method of constraining when a rock was exposed by cultural or geomorphic processes. Applications are exemplified for human artifacts and landforms found in drylands. Three radiocarbon dates from 30,000 to 36,000 yr B.P. indicate rock engravings in South Au…
AMS Radiocarbon and Cation-Ratio Dating of Rock Art in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana
Samples of organic matter and rock varnish from seven rock-art sites in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana were collected for dating purposes. Petroglyphs sampled include Dinwoody-style figures, shield-bearing warriors, and other well-known Plains rock-art motifs. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of 10 petroglyphs yielded dates from the Early Archaic to the Protohistoric periods. A strong numerical relation between varnish leachin…
New Light on Old Art
Dating A Pictograph in The Pryor Mountains, Montana
We have dated a sample of red paint taken near an anthropomorphic pictograph in Elk Creek Cave in the Pryor Mountains, Montana. The radiocarbon date obtained, 840±50 years BP, is in agreement with expectations based on archaeological inforence
Bird Rattle’s Petroglyphs at Writing-On-Stone
Writing-On-Stone is well-known for its Plains Biographic rock art, characterized by distinctive motifs and narrative compositions. Biographic rock art flourished from the Late Prehistoric period throughout the nineteenth century. Although related images were drawn on hides and paper well into the twentieth century, it was unclear whether Biographic rock art also persisted this late. The recent discovery of photographs and narrative of a 1924 trip…
Dated Rock Paintings at Red Cliffs, Arizona
This article presents radiocarbon dates for painted motifs at Red Cliffs, west of Sedona in the northeastern corner of Yavapai County, Arizona. All rock painting shields at the Red Cliffs sites have usually been attributed to the Sinagua. Black pigment from one shield motif and an overlying white dot on another motif yielded uncalibrated radiocarbon dates of 1080 and 550 years B.P., respectively. The black pigment sample dates to a time when the …
Ghost Dancing the Grand Canyon
Combining rock art studies with ethnohistory, contemporary ethnographic analysis, and the interpretations of people who share the cultural traditions being studied, this paper documents a rock art site in Kanab Creek Canyon that appears to have been the location of a Ghost Dance ceremony performed by Southern Paiute and perhaps Hualapai people in the late 1800s. Using the site as a point of departure, it focuses on the way in which synergistic as…
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Rock Art Pigments
Portable x-ray fluorescence technology has proved to be a very useful tool for identifying the mineral constituents of rock art paintings. This paper describes its use to identify chromium, whose likely source was the mineral fuchsite, as the green coloring agent in Montana and Wyoming pictographs. High levels of lead were also detected in a series of pictographs from Weatherman Draw in south central Montana that were reported to have been repain…
Discovering North American Rock Art
From the high plains of Canada to caves in the southeastern United States, images etched into and painted on stone by ancient Native Americans have aroused in observers the desire to understand their origins and meanings. Rock paintings and engravings can be found in nearly every state and province, and each region has its own distinctive story of discovery and evolving investigation of the rock art record. Rock art in the twenty-first century en…
Restoring a Presence
Journal Article Restoring a Presence: American Indians and Yellowstone National Park Get access Restoring a Presence: American Indians and Yellowstone National Park. By Nabokov Peter Loendorf Lawrence. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004. xvii + 381 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95.) Robert H. Keller Robert H. Keller Western Washington University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google S…
Pétroglyphes anciens dans les grandes plaines d’Amérique du nord
Les recherches sur les Hautes Plaines d’Amérique du Nord ont été orientées vers la chronologie des pétroglyphes au moyen de méthodes relatives. Dans plusieurs sites, les dépôts de sol qui ont autrefois recouvert les panneaux de gravures ont pu être datés par C14, permettant d’établir un âge radiocarbone des manifestations d’art rupestre de l’Early Archaic autour de 4 500 ans BP. Ces pétroglyphes anciens sont abstraits et piquetés avec des formes …
Old Petroglyphs on the North American High Plains
Research on North America's High Plains has been directed toward establishing the age of petroglyphs through relative methods.At several sites it has been possible to 14 C date soil deposits that formerly buried petroglyph panels so it is possible to establish an age of Early Archaic petroglyphs at 4 500 BP.These old Archaic petroglyphs are pecked abstracts with distinctive forms.Fortunately they are so distinct that they can be recognized at oth…
Radiocarbon dating a pictograph at Medicine Lodge Creek, Wyoming
Wyoming State Parks recovered a large chunk of the Medicine Lodge Creek Archaeological Site cliff wall, which had fallen away, with rock paintings on it. A sample from one of the paintings was dated to 800 BP with the Plasma Oxidation dating method. Comparison to regional sites suggests the dated painting is part of the Foothills Abstract tradition or a variant of the Columbia Plateau tradition
Serpentine bends site #1
Down the Rabbit Hole
The Sheep Mountain juniper bark net, originally thought to be of Paleoindian age, was redated by Sundstrom and Walker (2021) to the Late Prehistoric period. Although the original investigators convincingly argued that the net was intended for use with mountain sheep or deer, Sundstrom and Walker suggest it was used to trap small game such as rabbits or sage grouse. Unfortunately, the authors ignore important information presented by the original …
Age estimates for the rock art at the Rocky Ridge site (Utah) based on archaeological and archaeometric evidence
Rock art provides unique information on human prehistory, but the difficulty of dating these images limits our ability to place them into a larger archaeological context. In this study, we apply a combination of archaeological information and archaeometric measurements to address this challenge in a field study at the rock art site at Rocky Ridge, Utah. We developed a preliminary classification scheme of descriptive figure types and performed mea…
The Archer and the Shield-Bearing Warrior
At the Painted Coulee site (24JT86), pictographs depicting both atlatl and bow technology are present. We utilized plasma oxidation followed by accelerator mass spectrometry to directly radiocarbon date the organic material in two paint samples. A red painting of an anthropomorph with a shield and a possible atlatl in conflict with a fleeing person holding a bow was dated to 1790 ± 50 RCYBP (cal AD 120-390). Another red anthropomorph wearing snow…
The Wold Rock Art District, Wyoming (48JO4513)
This article demonstrates the importance of geoarchaeological investigations as part of rock art recording and research. The Wold Rock Art District, Wyoming (48JO4513), situated along a short reach of the Middle Fork of the Powder River, contains a suite of rare, contemporaneous, white-painted stenciled human hands and associated paintings. Most are accessible from the present ground surface, but others are stranded as much as 4 m high. Geoarchae…
The Implications of Fremont Pottery in Montana
Fremont pottery was recovered at the Valley of the Shields rock art site in Montana and dated by luminescence at circa A.D. 1500. The Fremont archaeological culture of northern Colorado and Utah is thought to have dispersed circa A.D. 1350, meaning that Montana Fremont pottery appeared late in time. Recent research suggests that the Fremont spoke a Tanoan language, and when they disbanded, major groups moved east to join the Rio Grande Pueblos, w…
Archaeology (22 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (20 obras) · Geography (19 obras) · Geology (15 obras) · Archaeology and Rock Art Studies (14 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (14 obras) · Geology (11 obras) · Rock art (11 obras) · Art (9 obras) · History (9 obras)