Graham Clarke
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 155694 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Graham Clarke |
| NOMBRES | Graham |
| APELLIDO | Clarke |
| FIRMA | CLARKE G |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Leeds |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4640-8303 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 159 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 49 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1977 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Supermarket Transaction Records In Dietary Evaluation
Objective: Scalable methods are required for population dietary monitoring. The Supermarket Transaction Records In Dietary Evaluation (STRIDE) study compares dietary estimates from supermarket transactions with an online FFQ. Design: Participants were recruited in four waves, accounting for seasonal dietary variation. Purchases were collected for 1 year during and 1 year prior to the study. Bland–Altman agreement and limits of agreement (LoA) wer…
Incorporating E‐commerce into Retail Location Models
The use of location models in retail businesses is well‐established, particularly in the grocery sector. Many alternative methods are in use today but the spatial interaction model (SIM) has a proven record of success. To date, that success relates purely to face‐to‐face activities, modeling and predicting visits by consumers to retail outlets. However, grocery retailers are cutting back on store investments and concentrating on investment in the…
Understanding Chinese tourist mobility and consumption-related behaviours in London using Sina Weibo check-ins
In this paper, we detail an individual-level analysis of under-exploited location-based social network (LBSN) data extracted from Sina Weibo, a comprehensive source for data-driven research focused on Chinese populations. The richness of the Sina Weibo data, coupled with high-quality venue and attraction information from Foursquare, enables us to track Chinese tourists visiting London and understand behaviours and mobility patterns revealed by th…
Characterisation of Temporal Patterns in Step Count Behaviour from Smartphone App Data
The increasing ubiquity of smartphone data, with greater spatial and temporal coverage than achieved by traditional study designs, have the potential to provide insight into habitual physical activity patterns. This study implements and evaluates the utility of both K-means clustering and agglomerative hierarchical clustering methods in identifying weekly and yearlong physical activity behaviour trends. Characterising the demographics and choice …
The impact of contract farming on the welfare and livelihoods of farmers
Socio-demographic determinants of physical activity and app usage from smartphone data
The increasing ubiquity of smartphones provides a potential new data source to capture physical activity behaviours. Though not designed as a research tool, these secondary data have the potential to capture a large population over a more extensive spatial area and with longer temporality than current methods afford. This paper uses one such secondary data source from a commercial app designed to incentivise activity. We explore the new insights …
The rise of corporate retailing and the impacts on small‐scale retailing
In many developing world economies in recent years, the state has been seen to encourage neoliberal economic expansion policies. This has involved both large‐scale foreign corporations and sometimes large‐scale domestic corporations. Many studies have discussed the new landscapes of economic hardship and the impacts on small businesses. The aim of this paper is to argue that the impacts on small traders are in fact more complex and varied than us…
An investigation into the geography of corporate e-commerce sales in the UK grocery market
E-commerce is one of the fastest growing sectors of the UK retail economy. The vast and rapid expansion of internet usage has generated widespread on-line sales, making the UK one of the leading countries for e-commerce. There have been a number of important papers on the geodemographics of e-commerce usage based on the results of surveys. These have shown that geography is important in understanding e-commerce sales: especially when we disaggreg…
Are differences in travel time or distance to healthcare for adults in global north countries associated with an impact on health outcomes? A systematic review
A comparison of small-area hospitalisation rates, estimated morbidity and hospital access
The emerging geography of e-commerce in British retailing
This paper explores the growth of e-commerce in British grocery retailing and examines the spatial variations in e-commerce usage. The main data source is a large commercial consumer survey (Acxiom's Research Opinion Data) rarely used by academics to date. Using these data in combination with census data, the paper addresses a number of key questions. After outlining key trends in the dataset on e-commerce usage (by product and over time) the fir…
What is the cost of a healthy diet? Using diet data from the UK Women's Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: A healthy diet is important to promote health and well-being while preventing chronic disease. However, the monetary cost of consuming such a diet can be a perceived barrier. This study will investigate the cost of consuming a range of dietary patterns. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis, where cost of diet was assigned to dietary intakes recorded using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. A mean daily diet cost was calculated for seven d…
Modelling the transportation of primary aggregates in England and Wales
Food outlet availability, deprivation and obesity in a multi-ethnic sample of pregnant women in Bradford, UK
Serial cross-sectional analysis of prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1998 and 2003 in Leeds, UK, using routinely measured data
Objective To monitor growth trends in young children in order to ascertain success (or otherwise) in halting the rapid rise in childhood obesity prevalence, and to assess the suitability of using routinely measured data for this purpose. Design Retrospective serial cross-sectional analyses of the proportion of obese children (logistic regression) and BMI standard deviation score (linear regression/maps) were undertaken. BMI coverage was calculate…
Failures of the ‘moral defence’ in the films Shutter Island , Inception and Memento
Each of the films, Shutter Island (Scorsese, 2010), Inception (Nolan, 2010) and Memento (Nolan, 2000), is influenced by psychoanalytic thinking. Each involves, to some degree or another, matters of
The neighbourhood matters
BACKGROUND: Reducing childhood obesity is a key UK government target. Obesogenic environments are one of the major explanations for the rising prevalence and thus a constructive focus for preventive strategies. Spatial analysis techniques are used to provide more information about obesity at the neighbourhood level in order to help to shape local obesity-prevention policies. METHODS: Childhood obesity was defined by body mass index, using cross-s…
Testing the effectiveness of the proposed UK ‘competition test’
An ongoing inquiry by the UK Competition Commission (CC) – the Groceries Inquiry – has covered supplier relationships, landholdings and, controversially, the topic of planning regulations. The latter lies within the remit of the Department for Communities and Local Government. Accordingly, Competition issues now intrude directly into planning since the identity – fascia – of a proposed retailer taking a new development had previously been disrega…
Improving the Synthetic Data Generation Process in Spatial Microsimulation Models
Simulation models are increasingly used in applied research to create synthetic micro-populations and predict possible individual-level outcomes of policy intervention. Previous research highlights the relevance of simulation techniques in estimating the potential outcomes of changes in areas such as taxation and child benefit policy, crime, education, or health inequalities. To date, however, there is very little published research on the creati…
The design and validation of a spatial microsimulation model of obesogenic environments for children in Leeds, UK
Studying the infant feeding intentions of pregnant women experiencing material deprivation
Extending the Competition Commission's Findings on Entry and Exit of Small Stores in British High Streets
The Competition Commission's analysis in 2007 of entry and exit conditions among small stores across more than one thousand British high streets provided a landmark piece of research on a topic in which debate and policy recommendations had moved significantly, and arguably dangerously, ahead of the available evidence base. Within a general context of a continuing long-term decline of specialist small stores in British town centres and high stree…
Examining access to GP services in rural Ireland using microsimulation analysis
This paper analyses the effect accessibility has on General Practitioner (GP) utilisation rates at the sub‐national level for Ireland. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to estimate whether there is an urban–rural differential in GP utilisation rates. We do this by simulating micro‐level healthcare data. Using this synthetic data, simple logit models are employed to estimate the likelihood that individuals in different jurisdictions will atte…
The geography of smoking in Leeds
Smoking is an important and topical health issue in the UK. In Leeds, the target is to reduce smoking prevalence by 9 per cent by 2010. However, a key unknown is the likely distribution of smokers across the city. This paper aims to estimate individual smoking rates using microsimulation and hence evaluate the performance of established stop smoking services, e.g. how well do they serve local areas and to what extent does attendance vary between …
Micro‐level analysis of childhood obesity, diet, physical activity, residential socioeconomic and social capital variables
This paper describes global (whole of Leeds) and local (super output area) analyses of the relationship between childhood obesity and many ‘obesogenic environment’ variables, such as deprivation, urbanisation, access to local amenities, and perceived local safety, as well as dietary and physical activity behaviours. The analyses identify the covariates with the strongest relationships with obesity, and highlight variation in these relationships a…
Deriving Indicators of Access to Food Retail Provision in British Cities
This paper attempts to quantify patterns of access to food retailing in two urban areas (Leeds/Bradford and Cardiff). We introduce, first, a locally based mapping approach and, secondly, a systematic city-wide modelling approach. This quantifies provision levels in terms of modelling shopping flows, in order to identify areas of poor access to food retailing. The paper then compares these contrasting methods of identifying 'food deserts', using t…
The design and validation of a spatial microsimulation model of obesogenic environments for children in Leeds, UK
Extending the Competition Commission's Findings on Entry and Exit of Small Stores in British High Streets
The Competition Commission's analysis in 2007 of entry and exit conditions among small stores across more than one thousand British high streets provided a landmark piece of research on a topic in which debate and policy recommendations had moved significantly, and arguably dangerously, ahead of the available evidence base. Within a general context of a continuing long-term decline of specialist small stores in British town centres and high stree…
SimBritain
In this paper we present an account of a 3‐year research project that is aimed at dynamically simulating urban and regional populations in Britain. In the context of this project we are using data from the 1991 UK Census Small Area Statistics (SAS) and the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), in order to dynamically simulate the entire population of Britain into 2021 at the small area level. This paper discusses the structure, aims and objectiv…
Growth, Concentration and Regulation in European Food Retailing
This paper extends recent work on British retail change, assessing the extent of corresponding or diverging development trajectories elsewhere in Europe. Ten national markets are scrutinized, with a view to understanding the likely variability in future European retail development. The so-called ‘golden age’ of grocery retailing in Britain, its subsequent demise, and the responses this provoked from retailers provides a benchmark against which to…
Building a dynamic spatial microsimulation model for Ireland
Microsimulation describes economic and social events by modelling the behaviour of individual agents. These models have proved useful in evaluating the impact of policy changes at the micro-level. Spatial microsimulation models contain geographical information and allow for a regional or local approach to policy analysis. This paper builds on previous work on urban systems by employing similar modelling techniques for the analysis of rural areas.…
What is the cost of a healthy diet? Using diet data from the UK Women's Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: A healthy diet is important to promote health and well-being while preventing chronic disease. However, the monetary cost of consuming such a diet can be a perceived barrier. This study will investigate the cost of consuming a range of dietary patterns. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis, where cost of diet was assigned to dietary intakes recorded using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. A mean daily diet cost was calculated for seven d…
Micro‐level analysis of childhood obesity, diet, physical activity, residential socioeconomic and social capital variables
This paper describes global (whole of Leeds) and local (super output area) analyses of the relationship between childhood obesity and many ‘obesogenic environment’ variables, such as deprivation, urbanisation, access to local amenities, and perceived local safety, as well as dietary and physical activity behaviours. The analyses identify the covariates with the strongest relationships with obesity, and highlight variation in these relationships a…
Grocery Retailers and Regional Monopolies
The recent Competition Commission inquiry into supermarket retailing highlighted the existence of spatial monopolies in certain areas of the UK. This paper explores their extent and examines future retail expansion opportunities in light of the report's recommendations. Using a number of indicators, we assess the geographical incidence of monopolies and provide a series of 'what-if?' analyses of how retailers might achieve growth. We examine how …
The emerging geography of e-commerce in British retailing
This paper explores the growth of e-commerce in British grocery retailing and examines the spatial variations in e-commerce usage. The main data source is a large commercial consumer survey (Acxiom's Research Opinion Data) rarely used by academics to date. Using these data in combination with census data, the paper addresses a number of key questions. After outlining key trends in the dataset on e-commerce usage (by product and over time) the fir…
The neighbourhood matters
BACKGROUND: Reducing childhood obesity is a key UK government target. Obesogenic environments are one of the major explanations for the rising prevalence and thus a constructive focus for preventive strategies. Spatial analysis techniques are used to provide more information about obesity at the neighbourhood level in order to help to shape local obesity-prevention policies. METHODS: Childhood obesity was defined by body mass index, using cross-s…
Improving the Synthetic Data Generation Process in Spatial Microsimulation Models
Simulation models are increasingly used in applied research to create synthetic micro-populations and predict possible individual-level outcomes of policy intervention. Previous research highlights the relevance of simulation techniques in estimating the potential outcomes of changes in areas such as taxation and child benefit policy, crime, education, or health inequalities. To date, however, there is very little published research on the creati…
Retail Saturation
In an earlier paper we presented a picture of the provision of British food retail floor-space which was attentive to both the debate on retail saturation and the underlying competitive processes shaping the geography of the grocery sector. There we argued that there was still considerable variation in the provision of food retailing floor-space in the United Kingdom, with analyses presented at the regional (county), interurban, and intraurban le…
Retail Saturation, Retail Location, and Retail Competition
The appreciably dramatic idea that British grocery retailing is facing imminent saturation has attracted increasing attention particularly since the mid-1980s to late 1980s. In this paper we seek to review and attempt to sophisticate the debate over saturation by providing a detailed discussion and spatial analysis of current levels of retail provision. This analysis, in itself, offers a view of the potential for future retail expansion. We argue…
Spatial microsimulation for rural policy analysis in Ireland
Competition and Saturation in West European Grocery Retailing
The international (and, increasingly, global) nature of grocery retailing is promoting the need to consider developments across numerous markets in order to understand fully any given country's market characteristics. However, compared with the breadth of research on various aspects of UK grocery retailing, there is a relative paucity of work across the same range of topics and scales in European contexts (broad national-level comparisons excepte…
Measuring the school impact on child obesity
Food outlet availability, deprivation and obesity in a multi-ethnic sample of pregnant women in Bradford, UK
Studying the infant feeding intentions of pregnant women experiencing material deprivation
The geography of smoking in Leeds
Smoking is an important and topical health issue in the UK. In Leeds, the target is to reduce smoking prevalence by 9 per cent by 2010. However, a key unknown is the likely distribution of smokers across the city. This paper aims to estimate individual smoking rates using microsimulation and hence evaluate the performance of established stop smoking services, e.g. how well do they serve local areas and to what extent does attendance vary between …
Notes on the Origins of “Personal Relations Theory” in Aspects of Social Thinking of the Scottish Enlightenment
The preconscious and psychic change in Fairbairn's model of mind
Fairbairn's mature model of mind was developed over a period of time and was modified significantly as it developed. In contrast to some sympathetic commentators who have suggested changes, the author has been impressed by the untapped potential of the theory. There are two areas that he feels need clarification and explanation, which are the importance of the preconscious, so neglected in our literature, and its role in psychic growth. By lookin…
Extending Geodemographic Classification
Geodemographic systems currently provide classifications of small areas based primarily on their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. In this paper the authors aim to demonstrate the value of extending geodemographics by including new sets of variables. These have been selected to represent further dimensions of demand, workplace-based characteristics, and indicators reflecting the interaction between areas. A prototype regional system …
The impact of contract farming on the welfare and livelihoods of farmers
The Internal Conversation
I compare Margaret Archer's model of agency and the internal conversation with personal relations theory and some recent work by Marcia Cavell. In §1, I conclude that the forms of reflexivity and associated stances towards society that Archer defines can be seen as developments of the different forms of attachment, which personal relations theory can account for. This raises questions about the relationship between attachment-based notions of psy…
The merchants of Mugu
1977). The merchants of Mugu: A village in the Himalaya. Asian Affairs: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 299-305
Applied
Trans-Himalayan Traders
Alfred Stieglitz and Lake George the American place
Weegee's portrait of Alfred Stieglitz (Figure 1) is perhaps one of the most poignant images of Stieglitz ever taken.1 Not only is there an implicit irony in the fact of Wee gee, voyeur and flâneur par excellence of New York city's outsiders and violence, photographing the arch-figure of art photography in America; but also that the image of Stieglitz is the very opposite to the spirit of an America for which his photography and philosophy fought.…
University of Kent, Canterbury, England
Recent Publications
Retail Saturation, Retail Location, and Retail Competition
The appreciably dramatic idea that British grocery retailing is facing imminent saturation has attracted increasing attention particularly since the mid-1980s to late 1980s. In this paper we seek to review and attempt to sophisticate the debate over saturation by providing a detailed discussion and spatial analysis of current levels of retail provision. This analysis, in itself, offers a view of the potential for future retail expansion. We argue…
Changing methods of location planning for retail companies
Retail Saturation
In an earlier paper we presented a picture of the provision of British food retail floor-space which was attentive to both the debate on retail saturation and the underlying competitive processes shaping the geography of the grocery sector. There we argued that there was still considerable variation in the provision of food retailing floor-space in the United Kingdom, with analyses presented at the regional (county), interurban, and intraurban le…
The Human Geography of Human Geography
Growth, Concentration and Regulation in European Food Retailing
This paper extends recent work on British retail change, assessing the extent of corresponding or diverging development trajectories elsewhere in Europe. Ten national markets are scrutinized, with a view to understanding the likely variability in future European retail development. The so-called ‘golden age’ of grocery retailing in Britain, its subsequent demise, and the responses this provoked from retailers provides a benchmark against which to…
Deriving Indicators of Access to Food Retail Provision in British Cities
This paper attempts to quantify patterns of access to food retailing in two urban areas (Leeds/Bradford and Cardiff). We introduce, first, a locally based mapping approach and, secondly, a systematic city-wide modelling approach. This quantifies provision levels in terms of modelling shopping flows, in order to identify areas of poor access to food retailing. The paper then compares these contrasting methods of identifying 'food deserts', using t…
Grocery Retailers and Regional Monopolies
The recent Competition Commission inquiry into supermarket retailing highlighted the existence of spatial monopolies in certain areas of the UK. This paper explores their extent and examines future retail expansion opportunities in light of the report's recommendations. Using a number of indicators, we assess the geographical incidence of monopolies and provide a series of 'what-if?' analyses of how retailers might achieve growth. We examine how …
Fairbairn and Macmurray
sychoanalytic studies, as an academic discipline, is a relatively new subject and one that is still not clearly defined in terms of its overall intentions or aims. There have been psychoanalytic studies courses established in the UK for about fifteen years, all exclusively at Master’s level or above. One tension within psychoanalytic studies seems to me to reside in offering training for a career as a therapist (or as an adjunct to a therapeutic …
The estimation of self‐containment and catchment size indicators for use in small area classification
Whilst geodemographic classification methods are well established, little attention has been given to the inclusion of indicators that capture the role that areas play in providing jobs. This paper focuses on the estimation of two variables based on commuting flows that represent the functional linkages between residence and workplace areas. We adopt a modelling and GIS‐based methodology to estimate self‐containment and catchment area size for po…
Extending Geodemographic Classification
Geodemographic systems currently provide classifications of small areas based primarily on their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. In this paper the authors aim to demonstrate the value of extending geodemographics by including new sets of variables. These have been selected to represent further dimensions of demand, workplace-based characteristics, and indicators reflecting the interaction between areas. A prototype regional system …
SimBritain
In this paper we present an account of a 3‐year research project that is aimed at dynamically simulating urban and regional populations in Britain. In the context of this project we are using data from the 1991 UK Census Small Area Statistics (SAS) and the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), in order to dynamically simulate the entire population of Britain into 2021 at the small area level. This paper discusses the structure, aims and objectiv…
Building a dynamic spatial microsimulation model for Ireland
Microsimulation describes economic and social events by modelling the behaviour of individual agents. These models have proved useful in evaluating the impact of policy changes at the micro-level. Spatial microsimulation models contain geographical information and allow for a regional or local approach to policy analysis. This paper builds on previous work on urban systems by employing similar modelling techniques for the analysis of rural areas.…
The preconscious and psychic change in Fairbairn's model of mind
Fairbairn's mature model of mind was developed over a period of time and was modified significantly as it developed. In contrast to some sympathetic commentators who have suggested changes, the author has been impressed by the untapped potential of the theory. There are two areas that he feels need clarification and explanation, which are the importance of the preconscious, so neglected in our literature, and its role in psychic growth. By lookin…
Spatial microsimulation for rural policy analysis in Ireland
Competition and Saturation in West European Grocery Retailing
The international (and, increasingly, global) nature of grocery retailing is promoting the need to consider developments across numerous markets in order to understand fully any given country's market characteristics. However, compared with the breadth of research on various aspects of UK grocery retailing, there is a relative paucity of work across the same range of topics and scales in European contexts (broad national-level comparisons excepte…
Examining access to GP services in rural Ireland using microsimulation analysis
This paper analyses the effect accessibility has on General Practitioner (GP) utilisation rates at the sub‐national level for Ireland. Specifically, the aim of this paper is to estimate whether there is an urban–rural differential in GP utilisation rates. We do this by simulating micro‐level healthcare data. Using this synthetic data, simple logit models are employed to estimate the likelihood that individuals in different jurisdictions will atte…
The geography of smoking in Leeds
Smoking is an important and topical health issue in the UK. In Leeds, the target is to reduce smoking prevalence by 9 per cent by 2010. However, a key unknown is the likely distribution of smokers across the city. This paper aims to estimate individual smoking rates using microsimulation and hence evaluate the performance of established stop smoking services, e.g. how well do they serve local areas and to what extent does attendance vary between …
Micro‐level analysis of childhood obesity, diet, physical activity, residential socioeconomic and social capital variables
This paper describes global (whole of Leeds) and local (super output area) analyses of the relationship between childhood obesity and many ‘obesogenic environment’ variables, such as deprivation, urbanisation, access to local amenities, and perceived local safety, as well as dietary and physical activity behaviours. The analyses identify the covariates with the strongest relationships with obesity, and highlight variation in these relationships a…
The Internal Conversation
I compare Margaret Archer's model of agency and the internal conversation with personal relations theory and some recent work by Marcia Cavell. In §1, I conclude that the forms of reflexivity and associated stances towards society that Archer defines can be seen as developments of the different forms of attachment, which personal relations theory can account for. This raises questions about the relationship between attachment-based notions of psy…
Geography (24 obras) · Computer Science (18 obras) · Economics (18 obras) · Sociology (17 obras) · Business (16 obras) · Demography (13 obras) · Engineering (13 obras) · Medicine (13 obras) · Population (13 obras) · Demography (10 obras)