Harish Nair
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 158990 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Harish Nair |
| NOMBRES | Harish |
| APELLIDO | Nair |
| FIRMA | NAIR H |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Edinburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9432-9100 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 73 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 0 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 73 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2010 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 0 |
Development of a clinical algorithm-based scoring system to diagnose smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in Sabah, Malaysia using the modified Delphi method
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat, particularly in resource-constrained settings where delayed diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNPTB) is common due to limited access to rapid molecular diagnostics. We aimed to develop a clinical algorithm-based scoring system to aid the diagnosis of SNPTB among symptomatic patients in Sabah, Malaysia. Methods: We conducted a modified Delphi process between January and Ju…
Incidence, severity, risk factors and outcomes of Sars-CoV-2 reinfections during the Omicron period
Systematic review of barriers to and enablers of tuberculosis diagnosis, notification, and intervention for designing customised intervention package to minimise ‘missing millions’ in tribal communiti…
Background: Tribal communities in India experience a very high burden of tuberculosis (TB), estimated at 7030 per million. The diagnosis and notification gaps are substantial, partly due to the geographical remoteness of these populations. Within an overarching study to design an intervention for finding the 'missing millions' among tribal communities, we conducted a systematic review to identify the barriers and enablers of tuberculosis diagnosi…
Respiratory viral infections
Background: Respiratory viral infections pose a substantial disease burden worldwide. Spatiotemporal techniques help identify transmission patterns of these infections, thereby supporting timely control and prevention efforts. We aimed to synthesise the current state of evidence on quantitative methodologies for investigating the spatiotemporal characteristics of respiratory viral infections. Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the PRISM…
A qualitative study on sexual and reproductive health needs and risks of adolescents in Bidibidi refugee settlement, Uganda
Introduction: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is an important global health issue linked to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Adolescents in refugee settings face specific SRH needs and risks, and limited access to needed services. This research, therefore, aimed to develop an understanding of SRH needs of, and risks to, adolescent refugees, to inform adolescent sexual and reproductive health policies and programmes. Methodol…
Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs, Knowledge, Access, and Barriers to Services Among Rohingya Adolescent Refugee Girls in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
This paper examines the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge, experiences, service access, and unmet needs of Rohingya adolescent refugee girls living in the camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The refugee population in these camps is approximately 1.3 million, with more than half under the age of 18 and girls representing over one quarter of the total. Given the growing proportion of adolescent girls, SRH knowledge and service provision …
Respiratory syncytial virus
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of serious respiratory illness, can affect individuals of all ages, especially children below two years of age and adults 60 years of age and above, as well as individuals with chronic comorbidities, such as chronic pulmonary or cardiovascular conditions, and immunocompromised individuals [1,2]. In adults, clinical outcomes [...]
Revisiting influenza-hospitalisation estimates from the Burden of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease (Bird) project using different extrapolation methods
The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, seasonal influenza epidemics result in three to five million cases of severe illness (hospitalisations) every year [1,2]. In a recent paper in the Journal of Global Health, the Burden of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease (BIRD) project aimed to improve the understanding of influenza-associated hospitalisation [...]
Setting research priorities for global pandemic preparedness
Background: In this priority-setting exercise, we sought to identify leading research priorities needed for strengthening future pandemic preparedness and response across countries. Methods: The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method to identify research priorities for future pandemic preparedness. Eighty experts in global health, translational and clinical research id…
Epidemiology and clinical features of Sars-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in the pre-Omicron era
Seroprevalence of Sars-CoV-2 specific Immunoglobin G antibodies in rural population of Western Maharashtra, India
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has been a major public health concern requiring continuous efforts for understanding its epidemiology. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a wide range of clinical features ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild or severe illness with fatal outcomes or recovery. Population-based seroepidemi…
Feasibility and acceptability of bubble continuous positive airway pressure oxygen therapy for the treatment of childhood severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Bangladeshi children
Background: Effective management of hypoxaemia is key to reducing pneumonia deaths in children. In an intensive care setting within a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh, bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) oxygen therapy was beneficial in reducing deaths in this population. To inform a future trial, we investigated the feasibility of introducing bCPAP in this population in non-tertiary/district hospitals in Bangladesh. Methods: We con…
Global and national influenza-associated hospitalisation rates
Background: WHO estimates that seasonal influenza epidemics result in three to five million cases of severe illness (hospitalisations) every year. We aimed to improve the understanding of influenza-associated hospitalisation estimates at a national and global level. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review of English- and Chinese-language studies published between 1995 and 2020 estimating influenza-associated hospitalisation. We inclu…
Feasibility and acceptability of the paediatric pulse oximeter in integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses (IMNCI) services by public health facilities
Background: Pneumonia contributes to about 15% of child deaths globally, with 20% of the overall deaths occurring in India. Although WHO recommends the use of pulse oximeters (PO) in first-level facilities for early detection of child pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this has not yet been implemented in India. We aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of introducing PO in integrated management of neonatal and chil…
Incidence and outcome of Sars-CoV-2 reinfection in the pre-Omicron era
Evaluation of feasibility phase of adaptive version of locally made bubble continuous positive airway pressure oxygen therapy for the treatment of Covid-19 positive and negative adults with severe pne…
Background: Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) oxygen therapy has been shown to be safe and effective in treating children with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Bangladesh. Due to lack of adequate non-invasive ventilatory support during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, we aimed to evaluate whether bCPAP was safe and feasible when adapted for use in adults with similar indications. Methods: O pressure, in two tertiary …
Reflections on the multi-sectoral response to Covid-19 in Bangladesh’s Rohingya refugee camps
While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact people globally, refugees comprise a vulnerable population, particularly those living in densely populated areas. In Bangladesh, Cox’s Bazar is currently home to almost a million Rohingya refugees. Because of the lack of healthcare, sanitation and water, as well as overcrowding, refugees were at high risk of becoming ill during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Moreover, superstitio…
Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory infection in young children. We previously estimated that in 2015, 33·1 million episodes of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection occurred in children aged 0-60 months, resulting in a total of 118 200 deaths worldwide. Since then, several community surveillance studies have been done to obtain a more precise estimation of RSV associated co…
Derivation and validation of a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2–59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in 20 countries
INTRODUCTION: Existing risk assessment tools to identify children at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality have shown suboptimal discriminatory value during external validation. Our objective was to derive and validate a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality across various settings. METHODS: We used primary, baseline, patient-level data from 11 studies, incl…
Costs of management of acute respiratory infections in older adults
Assembling a global database of child pneumonia studies to inform WHO pneumonia management algorithm
Background: The existing World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia case management guidelines rely on clinical symptoms and signs for identifying, classifying, and treating pneumonia in children up to 5 years old. We aimed to collate an individual patient-level data set from large, high-quality pre-existing studies on pneumonia in children to identify a set of signs and symptoms with greater validity in the diagnosis, prognosis, and possible trea…
Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy in rural South Africa
Background: To date, COVID-19 vaccine coverage in the African region falls far too short of global goals. Increasing vaccination rates requires understanding barriers to vaccination so that effective interventions that sensitively and effectively address barriers to vaccination can be implemented. Methods: To assess COVID-19 vaccination levels and identify major barriers to vaccine uptake we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey am…
Digital auscultation as a diagnostic aid to detect childhood pneumonia
Disruption in accessing sexual and reproductive health services among border populations during Covid-19 lockdown in Uganda
Background: The spread of COVID-19 exposed the inadequacies inherent in the health care systems of many countries. COVID-19 and the attendant demands for emergency treatment and management put a significant strain on countries' health care systems, including hitherto strong health systems. In Uganda, as the government strived to contain COVID-19, other essential health care services were either disrupted or completely crowded out. Balancing the p…
Success and time implications of SpO 2 measurement through pulse oximetry among hospitalised children in rural Bangladesh
Background: Hypoxaemia is one of the strongest predictors of mortality among children with pneumonia. It can be identified through pulse oximetry instantaneously, which is a non-invasive procedure but can be influenced by factors related to the specific measuring device, health provider and patient. Following WHO's global recommendation in 2014, Bangladesh decided to introduce pulse oximetry in paediatric outpatient services, ie, the Integrated M…
Sin obras prominentes en esta página.
Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children
Setting priorities for development of emerging interventions against childhood pneumonia, meningitis and influenza
A cute lower respiratory infections, which broadly include pneumonia and bronchiolitis, are still the leading cause of childhood mortality. ALRI contributed to 18% of all deaths in children younger than five years of age in 2008 [1], and the main pathogens responsible for high mortality were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and respiratory syncytial virus [2-4]. In addition, meningitis was estimated to contribute up to 200 000 dea…
Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea
Reducing mortality from childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea
Pneumonia and diarrhoea have been the leading causes of global child mortality for many decades. The work of Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) has been pivotal in raising awareness that the UN's Millennium Development Goal 4 cannot be achieved without increased focus on preventing and treating the two diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Global Action Plan for Pneumonia (GAPP) and Diarrhoea Global Action Plan (DGAP) group…
Short term exposure to air pollution and stroke
Assembling GHERG
In recent months, the World Health Organization (WHO), independent academic researchers, the Lancet and PLoS Medicine journals worked together to improve reporting of population health estimates. The new guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting (likely to be named GATHER), which are eagerly awaited, represent a helpful move that should benefit the field of global health metrics. Building on this progress and drawing from…
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease – new data needed to guide future policy
RSV is the main cause of childhood lower respiratory infections, globally, an important cause of childhood wheeze and may be responsible for a substantial burden of disease in the very elderly and in adults with chronic medical problems, such as COPD. It is thus responsible for substantial healthcare and social costs. There are currently many companies and academic groups developing and testing candidate vaccines and there is an expectation that …
Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence
BACKGROUND: The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) across many world regions is high. We aim to estimate COPD prevalence and number of disease cases for the years 1990 and 2010 across world regions based on the best available evidence in publicly accessible scientific databases. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and Global Health for original, population-based studies providing spirometry-based preva…
Aetiological role of common respiratory viruses in acute lower respiratory infections in children under five years
This review supports RSV, IFV, PIV, MPV and RV as important causes of ALRI in young children, and provides quantitative estimates of the absolute proportion of virus-associated ALRI cases to which a viral cause can be attributed
Assembling GHERG
apid development of information technologies in the past two decades has brought about major improvements in the generation, sharing and analysis of information on the health status of the entire human population. This has facilitated the development of the field of "Global Health Metrics", which has its champions in World Health Organization's Mortality and Burden of Disease Unit and University of Washington' s Institute for Health Metrics and E…
Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children under five years
Infection prevention and control of Clostridium difficile
BACKGROUND: infection (CDI) and the lack of primary prevention through immunization, health care professionals should be aware of the most current guidance, as well as strengths and limitations of the evidence base underpinning this guidance. METHODS: We identified publicly available national or organizational guidelines related to CDI infection and prevention control (IPC) published between 2000 and 2015 and for any health care setting through a…
Global disease burden due to antibiotic resistance – state of the evidence
Antimicrobial resistance is widely regarded as one of the major public health concerns of the 21 st century [1,2], but there are no good estimates of the net global health burden due to resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. Although numerous studies have provided estimates of the burden of resistance of specific combinations of clinical disease, bacterial agent, antibiotic and health care setting (primarily hospitals in developed countries), met…
Cost of management of severe pneumonia in young children
BACKGROUND: Childhood pneumonia is a major cause of childhood illness and the second leading cause of child death globally. Understanding the costs associated with the management of childhood pneumonia is essential for resource allocation and priority setting for child health. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to identify studies reporting data on the cost of management of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years old. We collected unpub…
The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated acute lower respiratory infections in children with Down syndrome
Cost–effectiveness analysis of revised WHO guidelines for management of childhood pneumonia in 74 Countdown countries
BACKGROUND: Treatment of childhood pneumonia is a key priority in low-income countries, with substantial resource implications. WHO revised their guidelines for the management of childhood pneumonia in 2013. We estimated and compared the resource requirements, total direct medical cost and cost-effectiveness of childhood pneumonia management in 74 countries with high burden of child mortality (Countdown countries) using the 2005 and 2013 revised …
Setting health research priorities using the CHNRI method
BACKGROUND: Several recent reviews of the methods used to set research priorities have identified the CHNRI method (acronym derived from the "Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative") as an approach that clearly became popular and widely used over the past decade. In this paper we review the first 50 examples of application of the CHNRI method, published between 2007 and 2016, and summarize the most important messages that emerged from tho…
Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infections – an overview of the evidence base and challenges in data synthesis
BACKGROUND: infection (CDI) and recurrent CDI (rCDI) in populations previously considered to be at low risk has renewed attention on differences in the risk profile of patients. In the absence of primary prevention for CDI and limited treatment options, it is important to achieve a deep understanding of the multiple factors that influence the risk of developing CDI and rCDI. METHODS: We conducted a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses o…
Respire
Concordance between GPS-based smartphone app for continuous location tracking and mother’s recall of care-seeking for child illness in India
BACKGROUND: Traditionally, health care-seeking behaviour for child illness is assessed through population-based national demographic and health surveys. GPS-based technologies are increasingly used in human behavioural research including tracking human mobility and spatial behaviour. This paper assesses how well a care-seeking event to a health care facility for child illness, as recalled by the mother in a survey setting using questions sourced …
A prospective validation study in South-West Nigeria on caregiver report of childhood pneumonia and antibiotic treatment using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey…
BACKGROUND: Childhood pneumonia is the single largest infectious cause of death in children under five worldwide. Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) provide health information on care sought for sick children in resource poor settings. Despite not being primarily designed to identify childhood pneumonia, there are concerns that reported episodes of "symptoms of acute respiratory infection" in DHS an…
Setting research priorities for global respiratory medicine within the National Institute for Health Research (Nihr) Global Health Research Unit in Respiratory Health (Respire)
The NIHR Global Health Research Unit in Respiratory Health (henceforth ‘RESPIRE’) is a research and academic capacity development initiative funded by the UK Government through its National Institute of Health Research (NIHR). RESPIRE’s focus is to undertake applied respiratory health in both communicable and non-communicable disorders, which has the potential to improve the respiratory health of children and adults in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia…
Assessing the reactivity to mobile phones and repeated surveys on reported care-seeking for common childhood illnesses in rural India
BACKGROUND: Traditionally, health care-seeking for child illness is assessed through population-based and nationally representative demographic and health surveys (DHS) that are conducted once every five to seven years and are based on maternal recall. These maternal reports are subject to recall bias. Mobile phones (with the use of GPS technology) have the potential to constantly track movements of phone owners and provide high quality and more …
Care seeking behaviour and aspects of quality of care by caregivers for children under five with and without pneumonia in Ibadan, Nigeria
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the differences in reported care seeking behaviour and treatment between children with pneumonia and children without pneumonia with cough and/or difficult breathing. METHODS: Three hundred and two children aged 0-59 months with fast breathing pneumonia were matched with 302 children seeking care for cough and/or difficult breathing at four outpatient clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria. After follow up at home,…
Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015
BACKGROUND: Global child mortality reduced substantially during the Millennium Development Goal period (2000-15). We aimed to estimate morbidity, mortality, and prevalence of risk factors for child pneumonia at the global, regional, and national level for developing countries for the Millennium Development Goal period. METHODS: We estimated the incidence, number of hospital admissions, and in-hospital mortality due to all-cause clinical pneumonia…
Medicine (51 obras) · Environmental health (27 obras) · Internal Medicine (24 obras) · Pediatrics (19 obras) · Intensive care medicine (18 obras) · Population (17 obras) · Respiratory viral infections research (17 obras) · Pneumonia (16 obras) · Political science (16 obras) · Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections (15 obras)