Margaret Maclagan
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 161318 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Margaret Maclagan |
| NOMBRES | Margaret |
| APELLIDO | Maclagan |
| FIRMA | MACLAGAN M |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Canterbury |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4717-2534 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 27 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 114 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 27 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1989 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Issues in developing multilingual graphics-based digital caregiver guides for dementia care
Learning from initial reviews of multilingual graphics illustrating dementia caregiving
This study traces the initial processes in creating and assessing ‘comics,’ or graphic materials of various sorts, which illustrate situations in dementia caregiving. Dementia care materials intended for paid caregivers need to accommodate three related work situations (home care aides, residential care aides and nursing assistants), and be comprehensible for low-literacy and second-language caregivers. Their creation draws on pragmatic construct…
UH as a pragmatic marker in dementia discourse
Represented speech in dementia discourse
Investigating the Sound Change in the New Zealand English Nurse Vowel /ᴈ
Although there have been many studies of New Zealand English (NZE) vowels, little has been written about the nurse vowel /ɜ:/. This study uses data from three groups of Māori speakers of NZE born between 1871 and 1992 to analyse changes to the nurse vowel over time. Although all these speakers are bilingual in English and Māori, we show that they are representative of NZE speakers generally. Analyses are carried out on formant frequency, vowel le…
The silent violence of marginalization and teasing in dementia care residences
Differences in power are frequent in institutional care settings and provide contexts in which conflict can occur. In order to examine the power imbalance between residents and caregivers and the consequent potential for verbal conflict we first discuss the situations in which persons with dementia (PWD) find themselves within long-term residential care institutions and the interactions they commonly experience with those who care for them. We th…
Sound change in Māori and the influence of New Zealand English
This article investigates sound change in the vowels of Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand. It examines the relationship between sound changes in Māori and in New Zealand English, the more dominant language, with which Māori has been in close contact for nearly 200 years. We report on the analysis of three adult speaker groups whose birth dates span 100 years. All speakers were bilingual in Māori and New Zealand English. In total the s…
The Consonant Realizations of Malay-, Chinese- and Indian-Influenced Malaysian English
Malaysian English (MalE) is widely used in Malaysia by different ethnic groups. From the perspective of ethnolects, MalE can be divided into the subvarieties of Malay-influenced (MME), Chinese-influenced (ChME) and Indian-influenced (IME) MalE. This paper places MalE within its geographical and linguistic context and then describes the consonantal features which are shared and not shared across MME, ChME and IME. The study involved 15 undergradua…
R/-sandhi in early 20th century New Zealand English
Most work on linking and intrusive /r/ is conducted within the context of theoretical model building. This paper contributes some empirical data on the phenomenon by conducting the first large-scale acoustic analysis on the production of linking and intrusive /r/ in spontaneous speech. We analyze linking and intrusive /r/ in the speech of New Zealanders born between 1900 and 1935 — a period during which New Zealand English had recently become rel…
Chinese Malaysian English Phonology
Malaysian English (MalE) has gained recognition as one of the New Englishes and is now developing into a mature variety with its own pronunciation. This paper represents the first attempt at an auditory quantitative description of MalE spoken by a group of ten Malaysian Chinese adults. It is appropriate to consider the English of Chinese Malaysians as a significant variety of MalE because Chinese form the second largest ethnic group in Malaysia. …
A Survey of Malaysian Speech-Language Pathologists' Perception of Articulation and Phonological Assessments
The critical shortage of culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment tools has been an ongoing issue highlighted by Malaysian speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The present study was designed to provide insight into Malaysian SLPs' perspectives on the current use of articulation and phonology assessments in the country. It reports the results of a survey of 38 Malaysian SLPs in term of the types of articulation and phonological assessm…
U/ fronting and /t/ aspiration in Māori and New Zealand English
This article examines the relationship between the frontness of /u/ and the aspiration of /t/ in both Māori and New Zealand English (NZE). In both languages, these processes can be observed since the earliest recordings dating from the latter part of the nineteenth century. We report analyses of these developments for three groups of male speakers of Māori spanning the twentieth century. We compare the Māori analyses with analyses of related feat…
Ngā Nekehanga o te Whakahua i te Reo Māori i roto i te Rautau kua Hipa nei
Māori and English have been in increasing contact within New Zealand for over 200 years. The impact of each language on the other in vocabulary, which has been borrowed in both directions, is clear. More subtle is the mutual influence in the area of pronunciation. The MAONZE project has been investigating changes in the pronunciation of Māori and of the English of speakers of Māori, using recordings of seven kaumātua born in the 19th century who …
Getting fed up with our feet
The dress vowel in New Zealand English (NZE) has been raising for some time, so that it now overlaps the acoustic space of fleece for many younger speakers. This article presents an acoustic analysis of the dress and fleece vowels of 80 speakers and shows that dress continues to raise in contemporary NZE so that for some speakers dress has risen above fleece and can be more front than fleece. fleece has diphthongized as a consequence, making it p…
Aspiration of Plosives in Māori
Māori is the language of the indigenous people of New Zealand. Traditionally the Māori plosive consonants are regarded as unaspirated, in contrast to English voiceless plosives which are strongly aspirated in initial position. This paper traces the increase in aspiration in Māori plosives over time by analysing the Māori and English plosive consonants of three speakers born over a span of nearly 100 years. It shows that both the number of aspirat…
New Zealand English
New Zealand English - at just 150 years old - is one of the newest varieties of English, and is unique in that its full history and development are documented in extensive audio-recordings. The rich corpus of spoken language provided by New Zealand's 'mobile disk unit' has provided insight into how the earliest New Zealand-born settlers spoke, and consequently, how this new variety of English developed. On the basis of these recordings, this book…
The Story of New Zealand English
Because New Zealand English (NZE) developed sufficiently recently, sound recordings are available from the first generation of New Zealand born speakers. Some of these recordings are held in the Mobile Unit (MU) archive in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Canterbury and have been analysed by the Origins of New Zealand English Project (ONZE). This paper shows how the speakers from the MU archive have enabled the story of New Zeal…
The regional and sociolinguistic dimension of /hw/ maintenance and loss in early 20th century New Zealand English
This paper investigates the regional dimension of new-dialect formation and feature maintenance and loss in early 20th century New Zealand English (NZE). Examining the distribution and status of voiceless labiovelar /hw/ fricatives (which results in an articulatory contrast between Wales and whales , or witch and which ) in three selected regions of New Zealand (Otago/Southland, Canterbury, and the North Island), we show that the overall distribu…
Capturing a Sound Change
Since 1983, the Canterbury NEAR/SQUARE study has tracked the on-going merger of NEAR and SQUARE in New Zealand English. This paper reports on four repetitions of the study. The results indicate that the two diphthongs are falling together on a close realization which is labelled as NEAR. Factors affecting the process of the merger, such as sex and social class of the speakers, and degree of stress on the test words are discussed, as are the diffi…
The role of drift in the formation of native-speaker southern hemisphere Englishes
Similarities between different geographically separated varieties of a single language may in some cases be due not to characteristics inherited directly from some parent variety, nor to any diffusion or direct contact between them, but to processes of the type which Sapir labelled ‘drift’. We argue that there are clear examples of drift phenomena in modern English and that it is possible in the case of recently formed colonial Englishes to confi…
The Near/SQUARE merger in New Zealand English
The merger between the phonemes of NEAR/I/and SQUARE /ε/ is one of the most salient characteristics of New Zealand English. This paper summarises the results of a diachronic study which has tracked the merger in real time. Over the course of the study pronunciation of the diphthongs has progressively moved towards NEAR. Acoustic analyses are presented which support the auditory-perceptual analysis and indicate that the two diphthongs almost compl…
Acoustic evidence for vowel change in New Zealand English
This study provides acoustic evidence that in the last 50 years New Zealand English (NZE) has undergone a substantial vowel shift. Two sets of data are studied: the Otago corpus, recorded in 1995, and the Mobile Unit corpus, recorded in 1948. Both corpora have male and female speakers. The corpora were labeled, accented vowels were extracted, and formant values were calculated. The results of the formant analysis from the two corpora are contrast…
Determinism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English
In this paper we use an extensive archive of early New Zealand speakers, together with comparisons with the other Southern Hemisphere varieties of English, to argue that dialect mixture and new-dialect formation are not haphazard processes. We demonstrate that, given sufficient linguistic information about the dialects which contribute to a mixture, and sufficient demographic information about the proportions of speakers of the different dialects…
Women and sound change
In this article we address Labov's claim that sound changes that are not stigmatized are led especially by young women who are the “movers and shakers” in the community, people with energy and enterprise. Such young women, at the same time, are conservative with respect to sound changes or stable linguistic variables that are stigmatized. We investigated this claim by comparing the pronunciation of the non-stigmatized front vowels / I /, /ε/, and…
How grown Grew from one syllable to two∗
This paper examines the use of two variants of participles ending in ‐own in New Zealand English: the traditional OWN and the newer analogical OWEN form. It traces the historical background of the OWEN variant, indicating where this occurs in other varieties of English. Data on current usage in New Zealand are presented showing that professional men and younger professional women prefer the OWEN variant, while non‐professional men and older women…
Determinism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English
In this paper we use an extensive archive of early New Zealand speakers, together with comparisons with the other Southern Hemisphere varieties of English, to argue that dialect mixture and new-dialect formation are not haphazard processes. We demonstrate that, given sufficient linguistic information about the dialects which contribute to a mixture, and sufficient demographic information about the proportions of speakers of the different dialects…
Getting fed up with our feet
The dress vowel in New Zealand English (NZE) has been raising for some time, so that it now overlaps the acoustic space of fleece for many younger speakers. This article presents an acoustic analysis of the dress and fleece vowels of 80 speakers and shows that dress continues to raise in contemporary NZE so that for some speakers dress has risen above fleece and can be more front than fleece. fleece has diphthongized as a consequence, making it p…
Women and sound change
In this article we address Labov's claim that sound changes that are not stigmatized are led especially by young women who are the “movers and shakers” in the community, people with energy and enterprise. Such young women, at the same time, are conservative with respect to sound changes or stable linguistic variables that are stigmatized. We investigated this claim by comparing the pronunciation of the non-stigmatized front vowels / I /, /ε/, and…
Capturing a Sound Change
Since 1983, the Canterbury NEAR/SQUARE study has tracked the on-going merger of NEAR and SQUARE in New Zealand English. This paper reports on four repetitions of the study. The results indicate that the two diphthongs are falling together on a close realization which is labelled as NEAR. Factors affecting the process of the merger, such as sex and social class of the speakers, and degree of stress on the test words are discussed, as are the diffi…
Acoustic evidence for vowel change in New Zealand English
This study provides acoustic evidence that in the last 50 years New Zealand English (NZE) has undergone a substantial vowel shift. Two sets of data are studied: the Otago corpus, recorded in 1995, and the Mobile Unit corpus, recorded in 1948. Both corpora have male and female speakers. The corpora were labeled, accented vowels were extracted, and formant values were calculated. The results of the formant analysis from the two corpora are contrast…
U/ fronting and /t/ aspiration in Māori and New Zealand English
This article examines the relationship between the frontness of /u/ and the aspiration of /t/ in both Māori and New Zealand English (NZE). In both languages, these processes can be observed since the earliest recordings dating from the latter part of the nineteenth century. We report analyses of these developments for three groups of male speakers of Māori spanning the twentieth century. We compare the Māori analyses with analyses of related feat…
R/-sandhi in early 20th century New Zealand English
Most work on linking and intrusive /r/ is conducted within the context of theoretical model building. This paper contributes some empirical data on the phenomenon by conducting the first large-scale acoustic analysis on the production of linking and intrusive /r/ in spontaneous speech. We analyze linking and intrusive /r/ in the speech of New Zealanders born between 1900 and 1935 — a period during which New Zealand English had recently become rel…
Out of the AIR and into the EAR
In this article, we report on the results of a study of the diphthongs EAR and AIR, which are merging for many New Zealand speakers. Each stage of the study, which has been repeated at five-year intervals since 1983, involves the analysis of word lists and sentences read by over 100 14- and 15-year-old school pupils. The results show a clear trend toward a merger to the EAR diphthong. This is also confirmed in a study carried out in 1994 of 79 sp…
Beer and bear, cheer and chair
Aspiration of Plosives in Māori
Māori is the language of the indigenous people of New Zealand. Traditionally the Māori plosive consonants are regarded as unaspirated, in contrast to English voiceless plosives which are strongly aspirated in initial position. This paper traces the increase in aspiration in Māori plosives over time by analysing the Māori and English plosive consonants of three speakers born over a span of nearly 100 years. It shows that both the number of aspirat…
The regional and sociolinguistic dimension of /hw/ maintenance and loss in early 20th century New Zealand English
This paper investigates the regional dimension of new-dialect formation and feature maintenance and loss in early 20th century New Zealand English (NZE). Examining the distribution and status of voiceless labiovelar /hw/ fricatives (which results in an articulatory contrast between Wales and whales , or witch and which ) in three selected regions of New Zealand (Otago/Southland, Canterbury, and the North Island), we show that the overall distribu…
The Story of New Zealand English
Because New Zealand English (NZE) developed sufficiently recently, sound recordings are available from the first generation of New Zealand born speakers. Some of these recordings are held in the Mobile Unit (MU) archive in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Canterbury and have been analysed by the Origins of New Zealand English Project (ONZE). This paper shows how the speakers from the MU archive have enabled the story of New Zeal…
Represented speech in dementia discourse
Investigating the Sound Change in the New Zealand English Nurse Vowel /ᴈ
Although there have been many studies of New Zealand English (NZE) vowels, little has been written about the nurse vowel /ɜ:/. This study uses data from three groups of Māori speakers of NZE born between 1871 and 1992 to analyse changes to the nurse vowel over time. Although all these speakers are bilingual in English and Māori, we show that they are representative of NZE speakers generally. Analyses are carried out on formant frequency, vowel le…
Sound change in Māori and the influence of New Zealand English
This article investigates sound change in the vowels of Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand. It examines the relationship between sound changes in Māori and in New Zealand English, the more dominant language, with which Māori has been in close contact for nearly 200 years. We report on the analysis of three adult speaker groups whose birth dates span 100 years. All speakers were bilingual in Māori and New Zealand English. In total the s…
UH as a pragmatic marker in dementia discourse
The Consonant Realizations of Malay-, Chinese- and Indian-Influenced Malaysian English
Malaysian English (MalE) is widely used in Malaysia by different ethnic groups. From the perspective of ethnolects, MalE can be divided into the subvarieties of Malay-influenced (MME), Chinese-influenced (ChME) and Indian-influenced (IME) MalE. This paper places MalE within its geographical and linguistic context and then describes the consonantal features which are shared and not shared across MME, ChME and IME. The study involved 15 undergradua…
Beer and bear, cheer and chair
Out of the AIR and into the EAR
In this article, we report on the results of a study of the diphthongs EAR and AIR, which are merging for many New Zealand speakers. Each stage of the study, which has been repeated at five-year intervals since 1983, involves the analysis of word lists and sentences read by over 100 14- and 15-year-old school pupils. The results show a clear trend toward a merger to the EAR diphthong. This is also confirmed in a study carried out in 1994 of 79 sp…
How grown Grew from one syllable to two∗
This paper examines the use of two variants of participles ending in ‐own in New Zealand English: the traditional OWN and the newer analogical OWEN form. It traces the historical background of the OWEN variant, indicating where this occurs in other varieties of English. Data on current usage in New Zealand are presented showing that professional men and younger professional women prefer the OWEN variant, while non‐professional men and older women…
Women and sound change
In this article we address Labov's claim that sound changes that are not stigmatized are led especially by young women who are the “movers and shakers” in the community, people with energy and enterprise. Such young women, at the same time, are conservative with respect to sound changes or stable linguistic variables that are stigmatized. We investigated this claim by comparing the pronunciation of the non-stigmatized front vowels / I /, /ε/, and…
The role of drift in the formation of native-speaker southern hemisphere Englishes
Similarities between different geographically separated varieties of a single language may in some cases be due not to characteristics inherited directly from some parent variety, nor to any diffusion or direct contact between them, but to processes of the type which Sapir labelled ‘drift’. We argue that there are clear examples of drift phenomena in modern English and that it is possible in the case of recently formed colonial Englishes to confi…
The Near/SQUARE merger in New Zealand English
The merger between the phonemes of NEAR/I/and SQUARE /ε/ is one of the most salient characteristics of New Zealand English. This paper summarises the results of a diachronic study which has tracked the merger in real time. Over the course of the study pronunciation of the diphthongs has progressively moved towards NEAR. Acoustic analyses are presented which support the auditory-perceptual analysis and indicate that the two diphthongs almost compl…
Acoustic evidence for vowel change in New Zealand English
This study provides acoustic evidence that in the last 50 years New Zealand English (NZE) has undergone a substantial vowel shift. Two sets of data are studied: the Otago corpus, recorded in 1995, and the Mobile Unit corpus, recorded in 1948. Both corpora have male and female speakers. The corpora were labeled, accented vowels were extracted, and formant values were calculated. The results of the formant analysis from the two corpora are contrast…
Determinism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English
In this paper we use an extensive archive of early New Zealand speakers, together with comparisons with the other Southern Hemisphere varieties of English, to argue that dialect mixture and new-dialect formation are not haphazard processes. We demonstrate that, given sufficient linguistic information about the dialects which contribute to a mixture, and sufficient demographic information about the proportions of speakers of the different dialects…
Capturing a Sound Change
Since 1983, the Canterbury NEAR/SQUARE study has tracked the on-going merger of NEAR and SQUARE in New Zealand English. This paper reports on four repetitions of the study. The results indicate that the two diphthongs are falling together on a close realization which is labelled as NEAR. Factors affecting the process of the merger, such as sex and social class of the speakers, and degree of stress on the test words are discussed, as are the diffi…
The regional and sociolinguistic dimension of /hw/ maintenance and loss in early 20th century New Zealand English
This paper investigates the regional dimension of new-dialect formation and feature maintenance and loss in early 20th century New Zealand English (NZE). Examining the distribution and status of voiceless labiovelar /hw/ fricatives (which results in an articulatory contrast between Wales and whales , or witch and which ) in three selected regions of New Zealand (Otago/Southland, Canterbury, and the North Island), we show that the overall distribu…
New Zealand English
New Zealand English - at just 150 years old - is one of the newest varieties of English, and is unique in that its full history and development are documented in extensive audio-recordings. The rich corpus of spoken language provided by New Zealand's 'mobile disk unit' has provided insight into how the earliest New Zealand-born settlers spoke, and consequently, how this new variety of English developed. On the basis of these recordings, this book…
The Story of New Zealand English
Because New Zealand English (NZE) developed sufficiently recently, sound recordings are available from the first generation of New Zealand born speakers. Some of these recordings are held in the Mobile Unit (MU) archive in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Canterbury and have been analysed by the Origins of New Zealand English Project (ONZE). This paper shows how the speakers from the MU archive have enabled the story of New Zeal…
Getting fed up with our feet
The dress vowel in New Zealand English (NZE) has been raising for some time, so that it now overlaps the acoustic space of fleece for many younger speakers. This article presents an acoustic analysis of the dress and fleece vowels of 80 speakers and shows that dress continues to raise in contemporary NZE so that for some speakers dress has risen above fleece and can be more front than fleece. fleece has diphthongized as a consequence, making it p…
Aspiration of Plosives in Māori
Māori is the language of the indigenous people of New Zealand. Traditionally the Māori plosive consonants are regarded as unaspirated, in contrast to English voiceless plosives which are strongly aspirated in initial position. This paper traces the increase in aspiration in Māori plosives over time by analysing the Māori and English plosive consonants of three speakers born over a span of nearly 100 years. It shows that both the number of aspirat…
Ngā Nekehanga o te Whakahua i te Reo Māori i roto i te Rautau kua Hipa nei
Māori and English have been in increasing contact within New Zealand for over 200 years. The impact of each language on the other in vocabulary, which has been borrowed in both directions, is clear. More subtle is the mutual influence in the area of pronunciation. The MAONZE project has been investigating changes in the pronunciation of Māori and of the English of speakers of Māori, using recordings of seven kaumātua born in the 19th century who …
Chinese Malaysian English Phonology
Malaysian English (MalE) has gained recognition as one of the New Englishes and is now developing into a mature variety with its own pronunciation. This paper represents the first attempt at an auditory quantitative description of MalE spoken by a group of ten Malaysian Chinese adults. It is appropriate to consider the English of Chinese Malaysians as a significant variety of MalE because Chinese form the second largest ethnic group in Malaysia. …
A Survey of Malaysian Speech-Language Pathologists' Perception of Articulation and Phonological Assessments
The critical shortage of culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment tools has been an ongoing issue highlighted by Malaysian speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The present study was designed to provide insight into Malaysian SLPs' perspectives on the current use of articulation and phonology assessments in the country. It reports the results of a survey of 38 Malaysian SLPs in term of the types of articulation and phonological assessm…
U/ fronting and /t/ aspiration in Māori and New Zealand English
This article examines the relationship between the frontness of /u/ and the aspiration of /t/ in both Māori and New Zealand English (NZE). In both languages, these processes can be observed since the earliest recordings dating from the latter part of the nineteenth century. We report analyses of these developments for three groups of male speakers of Māori spanning the twentieth century. We compare the Māori analyses with analyses of related feat…
R/-sandhi in early 20th century New Zealand English
Most work on linking and intrusive /r/ is conducted within the context of theoretical model building. This paper contributes some empirical data on the phenomenon by conducting the first large-scale acoustic analysis on the production of linking and intrusive /r/ in spontaneous speech. We analyze linking and intrusive /r/ in the speech of New Zealanders born between 1900 and 1935 — a period during which New Zealand English had recently become rel…
The Consonant Realizations of Malay-, Chinese- and Indian-Influenced Malaysian English
Malaysian English (MalE) is widely used in Malaysia by different ethnic groups. From the perspective of ethnolects, MalE can be divided into the subvarieties of Malay-influenced (MME), Chinese-influenced (ChME) and Indian-influenced (IME) MalE. This paper places MalE within its geographical and linguistic context and then describes the consonantal features which are shared and not shared across MME, ChME and IME. The study involved 15 undergradua…
The silent violence of marginalization and teasing in dementia care residences
Differences in power are frequent in institutional care settings and provide contexts in which conflict can occur. In order to examine the power imbalance between residents and caregivers and the consequent potential for verbal conflict we first discuss the situations in which persons with dementia (PWD) find themselves within long-term residential care institutions and the interactions they commonly experience with those who care for them. We th…
Sound change in Māori and the influence of New Zealand English
This article investigates sound change in the vowels of Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand. It examines the relationship between sound changes in Māori and in New Zealand English, the more dominant language, with which Māori has been in close contact for nearly 200 years. We report on the analysis of three adult speaker groups whose birth dates span 100 years. All speakers were bilingual in Māori and New Zealand English. In total the s…
Investigating the Sound Change in the New Zealand English Nurse Vowel /ᴈ
Although there have been many studies of New Zealand English (NZE) vowels, little has been written about the nurse vowel /ɜ:/. This study uses data from three groups of Māori speakers of NZE born between 1871 and 1992 to analyse changes to the nurse vowel over time. Although all these speakers are bilingual in English and Māori, we show that they are representative of NZE speakers generally. Analyses are carried out on formant frequency, vowel le…
Represented speech in dementia discourse
UH as a pragmatic marker in dementia discourse
Linguistics (25 obras) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (22 obras) · History (18 obras) · Philosophy (17 obras) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (17 obras) · Psychology (15 obras) · Multilingual Education and Policy (14 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · Philosophy (12 obras) · History (11 obras)