Glenn Hausfater
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 168396 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Glenn Hausfater |
| NOMBRES | Glenn |
| APELLIDO | Hausfater |
| FIRMA | HAUSFATER G |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Missouri |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 44 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 11 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 44 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1975 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2017 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
The Influence of Conspecifics on Egg and Larval Mortality in Amphibians
Amphibians in common with most other animals experience their highest mortality during early stages of development (Turner, 1962; Wassersug, 1975; Heyer, 1979). Therefore, knowledge of the major fac tors affecting the mortality of amphibian eggs and larvae, also referred to as propagules, is essential for understanding the evolution of lifehistory patterns in amphibians (Wilber and Collins, 1973; Heyer, 1973). In this chapter, those behaviors pe…
Infanticide in Carnivores
There are inherent difficulties in reviewing the sources of mortality in wild carnivores. Besides the fact that mortality has often been in flicted by fieldworkers themselves, most carnivores are nocturnal, soli tary, and wary of human observers. Consequently, ecological studies often consist solely of analyses of feces, and ranging studies are often based on the movement patterns of radio collars worn by unseen ani mals. Furthermore, even int…
Proximate Factors of Infanticide Among Langurs at Dharwar
The first scientific observations of infanticide in any animal species in its natural habitat resulted from field studies of Hanuman langurs [Presbytis entellus) at Dharwar, south India (Sugiyama, 1965b). Curtin and Dolhinow (1978:471) have stated that the environment of langurs at Dharwar was “greatly disturbed by human activities” at the time of this author’s original and follow-up studies. Also, Boggess (Chapter 14, this volume) as well as Cur…
The Evolutionary Ecology of Sex Allocation
Infanticide, the killing of unweaned or parentally dependent infants, is one of a variety of behavioral and physiological mechanisms that animals and humans use to modify the sex ratio of their offspring (Hrdy, 1979; Johansson, Chapter 23, this volume). From both theoretical and empirical perspectives, offspring sex-ratio manipulation is currently a major focus of research by behavioral biologists, evolutionary ecolo gists, sociobiologists, demo…
A Sociobiological Analysis of Human Infanticide
All organisms, including people, are products of the historical process of differential survival and reproduction that Charles Darwin called natural selection. This selective process is creative, producing attri butes that appear to have been designed to achieve adaptive functions: digestion, clear vision, circulation of the blood, escape from predators, and so forth. But attributes are naturally selected only if they eventually contribute to re…
Ayoreo Infanticide
History The area in which the Ayoreo live was explored early in the colonial history of South America. In 1717 Jesuit missionaries contacted ances tral Ayoreo, Zumocoan language family speakers, and settled them on missions. Warfare among these groups hindered the Jesuits’ mission ary efforts and when the Jesuit order was expelled from Paraguay in 1767 some ancestral Ayoreo groups still remained uncontacted. These latter people were the ancesto…
Infanticide and the Evolution of Pregnancy Block in Rodents
Pregnancy block was first observed by Bruce (1959, 1960) in labora tory mice. She noted that exposure to a strange male (or to his odor) prevented implantation in recently inseminated females and caused a return to estrus 4-5 days later. Investigations of the generality of male-induced pregnancy block (Bruce effect) indicate that it is exhibited under laboratory conditions in numerous species of rodents and may occur in natural populations as we…
Infanticide in Two Populations of Savanna Baboon
Infant killing among primates has been reported most often in species that form groups that have only one breeding male, such as langurs, redtail monkeys, blue monkeys, and gorillas (reviewed by Hrdy, 1981; Butynski, 1982). One interpretation, derived from Sugiyama’s descrip tion (1965b) of infanticide in langurs (Presbytis entellus), is that infant killing is a reproductive strategy of advantage to males when they migrate into a new group, and …
Psychobiological Determinants Underlying Infanticide in Mice
Detailed descriptions of infanticide are being published by etholo gists with increasing frequency, yet relatively little is known about infanticide compared to other types of aggressive behavior (e.g., inter male, interfemale, and maternal aggression). Infanticide in laboratory mice is a testosterone-dependent sexually dimorphic behavior. Males tend to exhibit killing of newborns at relatively high levels, whereas virgin females only occasiona…
Infanticide in Human Populations
Infanticide has been practiced over a wide span of time and in many different cultures, possibly even dating back to the upper Paleo lithic (Carr-Saunders, 1922). The attempt to kill the infant Oedipus is one of the more notorious historical instances of infanticide, although Romulus and Remus were reportedly cast into the River Tiber in 753 B.C. (Morse, 1963). Another famous survivor, Moses, was saved from a mass infanticide when his mother set…
Infanticide in Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) with Comparative Notes on Chimpanzees
Among the great apes, infanticide (the killing of maternally dependent offspring by conspecifics) has been reported among both common chim panzees [Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) and mountain gorillas [Go rilla gorilla beringei). Thus far, there is no indication that infanticide occurs among either of the other two great ape species, pygmy chimpan zees [Pan paniscus) or orangutans [Pongo pygmaeus), although Galdikas (1980) did report that two…
Intraspecific Predation and “Infant Killing’’ Among Invertebrates
The invertebrates are a tremendously diverse assemblage of animals; they form some 30 phyla and are estimated to represent over 95% of all species and individuals of animals living today. If extinct animals are included, this figure exceeds 99%. Intraspecific killing and cannibal ism are widespread. During preparation of this chapter, reports describ ing intraspecific killing and predation for almost 1000 species distrib uted among 11 phyla of…
Mammalian Reproduction
For the purposes of this chapter, infanticide is defined as the killing of conspecifics during the interval between their conception and wean ing. Among mammals, infanticide benefits the perpetrator either by securing increased mating opportunities or by increasing access to re sources through elimination of competitors (see Introduction to this volume}. This chapter places infanticide in the broader context of mam malian reproduction. In part…
Causes and Consequences on Infanticide in Populations of Rodents
A marvelous example of the former interpretation was Calvert’s (1913) attempt to show that Darwin’s theory of natural selection was fallacious as well as pernicious. In essence, he argued that natural selection was a cruel mechanism by which nature would curb the in crease of populations. “It is to prevent such a struggle for existence and to preserve her offspring from such a fate that she painlessly elimi nates them in the earliest stage of e…
(Infant Killing and Male Reproductive Strategies in Langurs [Presbytis entellus)
Although published reports of infant killing in the common langur [Presbytis entellus) appeared as early as the mid-1960s, it was not until 1974 when Hrdy proposed the sexual selection hypothesis that this phenomenon gained widespread attention. Earlier reports by Sugi yama (1965b, 1966) and Mohnot (1971a) were primarily of concern to the relatively small community of people studying langurs, and while these accounts were received with interest,…
Infanticide in Nonhuman Primates
Yet the crux of the issue is how one deals not with the cases in which observations are relatively complete but with those in which observations are incomplete due either to the habits of the monkeys, the habits of the observer, or both. How does one treat cases in which the observational record is truncated due to the fact that the infant and its attacker fell into foliage; or cases in which the wounding of an infant was clearly observed during …
Reproductive Parameters, Adult-Male Replacements, and Infanticide Among Free-Ranging Langurs [Presbytis entellus) at Jodhpur (Rajasthan], India
Since the first report of infant killing in Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) by Sugiyama (1965b), numerous hypotheses regarding the bio logical function and/or causation of infanticide in langurs have been developed (reviewed in Hausfater and Vogel, 1982). Most discussion, however, has concentrated on the sexual selection hypothesis (Hrdy, 1974). The aim of this chapter is to test this hypothesis as well as its basic assumptions against fiel…
Infanticide in Langurs
In several primate species, adult males have been observed to inflict fatal wounds upon unweaned or otherwise maternally dependent in fants, a behavior commonly referred to as infanticide (Hrdy, 1979). The infanticidal male in most of these instances had only recently joined the group or had recently become the dominant male after previ ously occupying a more subordinate position (Leland et al., Chapter 8 , this volume). In other cases, infanti…
Infanticide, Siblicide, and Avian Nestling Mortality
Cain slew Abel (Gen. 4:8) for reasons of petty jealousy: siblicide. Later God ordered Abraham to sacrifice his son Isaac as a test of faith (Gen. 22:2): infanticide. These biblical legends gained a measure of ecological complexity when the twin sons of Isaac and Rebekah battled in utero for the all-important first position: brawny Esau won the battle but lost the war (and his birthright) when the astute Jacob caught him short of critical resource…
Infanticidal Behavior in Male and Female Rodents
The difficulties of studying infanticide among wild primates are very apparent, as was detailed in Part II. The evidence for infanticide re mains circumstantial in many primate species, and it is conceivable that primate studies may never yield the data necessary to test conclu sively hypotheses proposed to explain infanticide.
Deferred Infanticide
In all human cultures, some infants are either murdered or neglected in a manner almost certain to induce premature death (Dickeman, 1975). As a systematic practice, however, infanticide seems to be more perva sive and intense among those cultures that have not yet urbanized and industrialized. Not all premodern or “primitive” cultures practice institutionalized infanticide, but among those that do, the anthropologi cal evidence seems to indica…
Cannibalism of Early Life Stages in Fishes
Intraspecific predation or cannibalism is a common phenomenon among both invertebrates (Fox, 1975a; Polis, 1981) and vertebrates (Chapters 2 and 4, this volume). Among fishes, intraspecific predation and cannibalism of eggs (embryos), larvae, and juveniles are very com mon in nature and have been frequently reported, albeit in a very scattered literature. In this chapter, a survey of infanticide and canni balism of early life stages in fishes i…
Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Infanticide and Parental Behavior in Male House Mice
The hypothesis that infanticide (i.e., the killing of conspecific young) is adaptive in some situations remains controversial. More generally accepted is the proposition that the killing of a member of one’s own species is maladaptive. Infanticide has therefore been regarded as a pathological behavior that only occurs in response to a breakdown in social structure (Calhoun, 1962; Curtin and Dolhinow, 1978). Although a breakdown in social behavior…
Infanticide by Male and Female Mongolian Gerbils
Gerbils [Meriones unguiculatus) are commonly maintained in the laboratory as monogamous pairs occupying single cages which usually results in peaceful cohabitation and a good breeding performance (Thiessen, 1968; Elwood, 1975a). Field observations of family groups inhabiting a single burrow confirm that these animals are naturally social (Tanimoto, 1943). Each group appears to consist of an adult pair and their offspring, which remain with the pa…
Concepts and Classification in the Study of Human Infanticide
In addressing a behavioral domain newly under investigation, such as infanticide, problems of definition and terminology are acute. Nor are these concerns trivial; they affect not only our ability to communi cate hypotheses and ideas to others but also the scope and direction of our research efforts. In concordance with the other authors in this volume, I will use Hrdy’s (1979; see also this volume, Introduction) classification of infanticide ba…
Sociometrics of Macaca mulatta
The concept of the linear dominance hierarchy and a much less precise notion of a central/peripheral ordering of individuals have been prominent among the ideas about social organization of monkey groups. Although the latter has seldom been quantified, the ranks of individuals in the two orders are usually assumed to be correlated. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of a free‐ranging group of rhesus monkeys. The individual histories of pr…
Dominance and reproduction in baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
Knuckle walking by a baboon ( Papio cynocephalus )
This paper describes the development of a knuckle walking mode of locomotion by a free‐living yellow baboon ( Papio cynocephalus ). Some implications of this occurrence for theories of the evolution of knuckle walking are discussed
Dominance and reproduction in baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
Knuckle walking by a baboon ( Papio cynocephalus )
This paper describes the development of a knuckle walking mode of locomotion by a free‐living yellow baboon ( Papio cynocephalus ). Some implications of this occurrence for theories of the evolution of knuckle walking are discussed
A note on the activities of a solitary male baboon
Life history of yellow baboons
Physical maturation and age estimates of yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalus , in Amboseli National Park, Kenya
In a longitudinal study of individually identified wild baboons in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, we collected data on physical development and reproductive maturation. Confirming and extending our earlier results, we demonstrated that the ratio of ages at which developmental milestones occur in the field as compared to those under extensive provisioning or in captivity were approximately 5:3. The age range for some developmental milestones was q…
Alternation of sleeping groves by yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) as a strategy for parasite avoidance
Infanticide
Demography of Amboseli baboons, 1963–1983
Repeated censuses of a population of yellow baboons ( Papio cynocephalus ) in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, revealed a decrease from over 2,500 animals in 1963–1964 to 123 individuals in 1979, or from a density of about 73 to 1.8 baboons per km 2 over a 15‐year period. Median group size decreased from 43 in 1964 to 27 in 1979. The largest and smallest groups declined the most; groups near the median have maintained fairly stable size and age dis…
Perimenstrual behavior changes among female yellow baboons
Although numerous studies have documented changes in the behavior of nonhuman primate females around the time of ovulation, very little attention has been paid to behavior changes around the time of menstruation. Yet such information is obviously relevant to under standing the origins and etiology of the adverse mood and behavior changes experienced premenstrually by many women. Analysis of data obtained during 115 hours of observation on 13 fema…
Infanticide
Posture, microclimate, and thermoregulation in yellow baboons
American Society of Primatologists Membership List
Dian Fossey (1932-1985)
Variability and stability in the rank relations of nonhuman primate females
This paper summarizes results of simulation analyses aimed at elucidating the way in which two important dimensions of female rank orders—nepotism and age‐gradedness—are affected by variation in individual strategies of rank acquisition on the one hand and by variation in population‐wide demographic parameters (eg, birth rate, death rate, etc) on the other. Female rank orders in simulated primate groups were characterized by substantial variabili…
Sociometrics of Macaca mulatta
The concept of the linear dominance hierarchy and a much less precise notion of a central/peripheral ordering of individuals have been prominent among the ideas about social organization of monkey groups. Although the latter has seldom been quantified, the ranks of individuals in the two orders are usually assumed to be correlated. This paper reports on a longitudinal study of a free‐ranging group of rhesus monkeys. The individual histories of pr…
The Influence of Conspecifics on Egg and Larval Mortality in Amphibians
Amphibians in common with most other animals experience their highest mortality during early stages of development (Turner, 1962; Wassersug, 1975; Heyer, 1979). Therefore, knowledge of the major fac tors affecting the mortality of amphibian eggs and larvae, also referred to as propagules, is essential for understanding the evolution of lifehistory patterns in amphibians (Wilber and Collins, 1973; Heyer, 1973). In this chapter, those behaviors pe…
Infanticide in Carnivores
There are inherent difficulties in reviewing the sources of mortality in wild carnivores. Besides the fact that mortality has often been in flicted by fieldworkers themselves, most carnivores are nocturnal, soli tary, and wary of human observers. Consequently, ecological studies often consist solely of analyses of feces, and ranging studies are often based on the movement patterns of radio collars worn by unseen ani mals. Furthermore, even int…
Proximate Factors of Infanticide Among Langurs at Dharwar
The first scientific observations of infanticide in any animal species in its natural habitat resulted from field studies of Hanuman langurs [Presbytis entellus) at Dharwar, south India (Sugiyama, 1965b). Curtin and Dolhinow (1978:471) have stated that the environment of langurs at Dharwar was “greatly disturbed by human activities” at the time of this author’s original and follow-up studies. Also, Boggess (Chapter 14, this volume) as well as Cur…
The Evolutionary Ecology of Sex Allocation
Infanticide, the killing of unweaned or parentally dependent infants, is one of a variety of behavioral and physiological mechanisms that animals and humans use to modify the sex ratio of their offspring (Hrdy, 1979; Johansson, Chapter 23, this volume). From both theoretical and empirical perspectives, offspring sex-ratio manipulation is currently a major focus of research by behavioral biologists, evolutionary ecolo gists, sociobiologists, demo…
A Sociobiological Analysis of Human Infanticide
All organisms, including people, are products of the historical process of differential survival and reproduction that Charles Darwin called natural selection. This selective process is creative, producing attri butes that appear to have been designed to achieve adaptive functions: digestion, clear vision, circulation of the blood, escape from predators, and so forth. But attributes are naturally selected only if they eventually contribute to re…
Ayoreo Infanticide
History The area in which the Ayoreo live was explored early in the colonial history of South America. In 1717 Jesuit missionaries contacted ances tral Ayoreo, Zumocoan language family speakers, and settled them on missions. Warfare among these groups hindered the Jesuits’ mission ary efforts and when the Jesuit order was expelled from Paraguay in 1767 some ancestral Ayoreo groups still remained uncontacted. These latter people were the ancesto…
Infanticide and the Evolution of Pregnancy Block in Rodents
Pregnancy block was first observed by Bruce (1959, 1960) in labora tory mice. She noted that exposure to a strange male (or to his odor) prevented implantation in recently inseminated females and caused a return to estrus 4-5 days later. Investigations of the generality of male-induced pregnancy block (Bruce effect) indicate that it is exhibited under laboratory conditions in numerous species of rodents and may occur in natural populations as we…
Infanticide in Two Populations of Savanna Baboon
Infant killing among primates has been reported most often in species that form groups that have only one breeding male, such as langurs, redtail monkeys, blue monkeys, and gorillas (reviewed by Hrdy, 1981; Butynski, 1982). One interpretation, derived from Sugiyama’s descrip tion (1965b) of infanticide in langurs (Presbytis entellus), is that infant killing is a reproductive strategy of advantage to males when they migrate into a new group, and …
Psychobiological Determinants Underlying Infanticide in Mice
Detailed descriptions of infanticide are being published by etholo gists with increasing frequency, yet relatively little is known about infanticide compared to other types of aggressive behavior (e.g., inter male, interfemale, and maternal aggression). Infanticide in laboratory mice is a testosterone-dependent sexually dimorphic behavior. Males tend to exhibit killing of newborns at relatively high levels, whereas virgin females only occasiona…
Infanticide in Human Populations
Infanticide has been practiced over a wide span of time and in many different cultures, possibly even dating back to the upper Paleo lithic (Carr-Saunders, 1922). The attempt to kill the infant Oedipus is one of the more notorious historical instances of infanticide, although Romulus and Remus were reportedly cast into the River Tiber in 753 B.C. (Morse, 1963). Another famous survivor, Moses, was saved from a mass infanticide when his mother set…
Biology (34 obras) · Zoology (19 obras) · Ecology (16 obras) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (13 obras) · Psychology (13 obras) · Geography (11 obras) · Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse (11 obras) · Wildlife Ecology and Conservation (10 obras) · Evolutionary biology (8 obras) · Demography (7 obras)