Elia John Mmbaga
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1726523 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Elia John Mmbaga |
| NOMBRES | Elia John |
| APELLIDO | Mmbaga |
| FIRMA | MMBAGA E J |
| AFILIACIONES | Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3768-0225 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 23 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 1 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2006 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Longitudinal Patterns of Adherence to Oral HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among At-Risk Women in Tanga, Tanzania
There is scarcity of evidence on the changes over time of adherence to oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers. Therefore, we assessed the changes of adherence to PrEP over 12 months and influencing factors for suboptimal adherence and explored strategies to optimize adherence to oral PrEP among female sex workers in Tanzania. Convergence analysis was conducted involving 313 respondent driven sampled participants in the …
Prevalence and factors associated with mental distress among men at higher risk of HIV infection enrolled in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis program in Tanga, Tanzania
Mental distress was relatively high among MSM, especially those with low PrEP knowledge, high PrEP stigma, and perceived high HIV risk, while easy condom access lowered the prevalence. Healthcare stakeholders should work to enhance PrEP awareness, reduce stigma, and ensure condom availability. Expanding and integrating mental health services within HIV programming is crucial in achieving the goal of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030
Prevalence of HIV retesting and associated factors among perinatal women who tested negative at the first antenatal screening in the Kilimanjaro region
In efforts toward eliminating vertical transmission of HIV, the WHO recommends that all pregnant women who test negative during the first test be retested; despite this recommendation, the prevalence of maternal HIV retesting in Tanzania is 30.4%, which is low. To address this challenge, on-the-job training of health care workers, was conducted all over the country. We assessed the updated prevalence of HIV retesting and associated factors among …
I Stopped to Prove them Wrong
High discontinuation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among high-risk women undermines its effectiveness. However, there is limited evidence on the reasons for PrEP discontinuation among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa. Exploring population-specific reasons for PrEP discontinuation will guide the design of client-centered strategies. Thus, we explored the reasons for PrEP discontinuation among female sex workers in Tanzania using mixed…
Dilemmas in diagnosing advanced HIV disease
Despite global efforts to control Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a significant number of individuals present for care with advanced HIV disease. A false negative HIV test, where HIV-infected individuals receive negative test results, delays treatment initiation and increases transmission risks. We report a clinical case and outcome of a patient with advanced HIV infection who presented with repeated false negative rapid HIV tests. A 37-year-…
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use during periods of unprotected sex among female sex workers in Tanga city, Tanzania
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevention-effective adherence is of critical importance but challenging particularly among key populations where periods of high HIV risk are frequent. We assessed the use of PrEP with reference to periods of unprotected sex among female sex workers in the city of Tanga. Methods This was part of the pragmatic quasi-experimental trial for HIV PrEP rollout in Tanzania involving a control cohort of 313 fem…
What can PrEP do for female sex workers? Unpacking the "effectosphere" of biomedical HIV prevention in Dar es Salaam
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a drug with the power to prevent HIV transmission. This study delved into the broader implications of PrEP use among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a group disproportionately affected by HIV and socio-structural challenges. Through 46 in-depth interviews with 40 women who were either former or current PrEP users or intended to start PrEP between January 2021 and February 2022, we sought to explor…
Use of antibiotics in poultry and poultry farmers- a cross-sectional survey in Pakistan
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which has been ascribed to be due to community carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is highly prevalent in the WHO South-East Asia region. One of the major reasons for this is the misuse of antibiotics in animal farming practices and at the community level, which threatens both human and animal health. However, this problem of antibiotic misuse in poultry farms and in respective farmers is not well …
Early disengagement from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services and associated factors among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
INTRODUCTION: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention tool when taken as prescribed. However, suboptimal use may challenge its real-life impact. To support female sex workers in their efforts to prevent themselves from HIV, it is essential to identify factors that contribute to early disengagement from PrEP care. In this study, we aimed to estimate the risk of early disengagement from PrEP services among female sex workers …
HIV testing and associated factors among female sex workers in Tanzania
Use of HIV testing services among FSW in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is below the desired UNAIDS target of 90%. We estimated the prevalence and factors associated with HIV testing among FSW in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A respondent-driven sampling method was used to recruit FSW aged 18. Modified Poisson regression models were used to determine factors associated with recent HIV testing. Of 958 surveyed FSW (median age 26 years), 85.4% (95% CI: 82.3, …
Harmful Alcohol Use and Associated Socio-Structural Factors among Female Sex Workers Initiating HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Harmful alcohol use is an important risk factor for premature mortality and morbidity and associated with increased HIV risk and lower uptake of and adherence to HIV interventions. This study aimed to assess the extent of harmful alcohol use and associated socio-structural vulnerability factors among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a key population in the HIV epidemic. Data from a study of female sex workers initiating pre-exposure…
Consent Requirements for Testing Health Policies
Individual informed consent is a central requirement for clinical research on human subjects, yet whether and how consent requirements should apply to health policy experiments (HPEs) remains unclear. HPEs test and evaluate public health policies prior to implementation. We interviewed 58 health experts in Tanzania, Bangladesh and Germany on informed consent requirements for HPEs. Health experts across all countries favored a strong evidence base…
“Thought provoking”, “interactive”, and “more like a peer talk”
Proponents of the newly-developed "deliberative interview" argue that examining complex issues requires more dynamic and engaging interview exchanges. Unlike traditional qualitative interviews, deliberative interviewing champions opinion sharing, active debates and similar speaking times by both sides throughout the interview. Drawing on 20 interviews with health experts in Germany, we examined the process and outcome of deliberative versus conve…
Health services we can trust
Drawing on qualitative research in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, this article explores how men who engage in sex with other men perceive their interactions with healthcare providers, and how they would prefer healthcare services to be organised and delivered. The paper describes the strengths and weaknesses men associate with private and public healthcare; the advantages and disadvantages they associate with dedicated clinics for sexual minority perso…
Effect of the PREPARE intervention on sexual initiation and condom use among adolescents aged 12–14
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000900718 , registered on 13 August, 2013
Prevalence and determinants of stunting in under-five children in central Tanzania
Stunting was highly prevalent in Kongwa district despite general improvements in child nutritional status at the national level. Household characteristics and economic status were found to play a major role in child health. In this regard, disaggregated analyses are therefore important in identifying resilient areas in need of concerted efforts for the MDG 4 to be achieved nationwide
Fertility desire and intention of people living with HIV/Aids in Tanzania
Fertility desire and intention of PLWHA was substantially high though lower than that of the general population in Tanzania. Practice of unprotected sexual intercourse with higher pregnancy rate was observed. Fertility desire was determined by individual perceived health and socio-family related factors. With increasing ART coverage and subsequent improved quality of life of PLWHA, these findings underscore the importance of integrating reproduct…
Attitudes towards and perceptions of reproductive health needs of persons living with HIV/Aids in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
The introduction of antiretroviral treatment has resulted in the resumption of socially productive and sexually active lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, together with the desire for children. However, factors affecting the reproductive health needs of people living with HIV/AIDS are not well understood. With this in mind, the aim of this paper was to investigate factors associated with these health needs using a qualitative approach. Findings…
Food insecurity is associated with food consumption patterns and anthropometric measures but not serum micronutrient levels in adults in rural Tanzania
Objective The purpose of the present paper is to assess the relationship between food insecurity and food consumption patterns, anthropometric measures and serum micronutrient levels in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Design A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out between March and May of 2005. Setting Rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Subjects Analysis was restricted to 1014 adults aged 15–44 years with children and complete data. Resul…
Prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV-1 post-test counseling in the era of antiretroviral therapy in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
In this era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) a limited number of population-based studies have investigated the extent of voluntary counseling and testing acceptance and completion in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV post-test counseling (PTC) among adults in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Following a cross-sectional survey, people aged 15-44 years living in Oria village were inte…
Validation of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Objective The objective of the present study was to assess the construct validity, criterion-related validity and internal consistency of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure for use in rural Tanzania. Design A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted from March to May 2005. Key adaptations to the nine-item Radimer/Cornell items included translation to Swahili, replacing the term ‘balanced diet’ with ‘full meal’ and constructin…
Prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection in rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania
HIV-1 infection was highly prevalent in this population. As compared to our previous findings, a shift of the epidemic from a younger to an older age group and from educated to uneducated individuals was observed. Women and married or separated individuals remained at higher risk of infection. To prevent further escalation of the HIV epidemic, efforts to scale up HIV prevention programmes addressing females, people with low education, lower age a…
Incidence of HIV-1 infection and changes in prevalence of reproductive tract infections and sexual risk behaviours
This study aimed at describing the prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 and change in the prevalence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexual risk behaviours in the rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. Two cross-sectional surveys among the total village population of Oria were conducted in 1991 and 1993. All individuals with a permanent address in the village were registered and invited to participate. After informed consent, participants…
What can PrEP do for female sex workers? Unpacking the "effectosphere" of biomedical HIV prevention in Dar es Salaam
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a drug with the power to prevent HIV transmission. This study delved into the broader implications of PrEP use among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a group disproportionately affected by HIV and socio-structural challenges. Through 46 in-depth interviews with 40 women who were either former or current PrEP users or intended to start PrEP between January 2021 and February 2022, we sought to explor…
Incidence of HIV-1 infection and changes in prevalence of reproductive tract infections and sexual risk behaviours
This study aimed at describing the prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 and change in the prevalence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexual risk behaviours in the rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. Two cross-sectional surveys among the total village population of Oria were conducted in 1991 and 1993. All individuals with a permanent address in the village were registered and invited to participate. After informed consent, participants…
Prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection in rural Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania
HIV-1 infection was highly prevalent in this population. As compared to our previous findings, a shift of the epidemic from a younger to an older age group and from educated to uneducated individuals was observed. Women and married or separated individuals remained at higher risk of infection. To prevent further escalation of the HIV epidemic, efforts to scale up HIV prevention programmes addressing females, people with low education, lower age a…
Validation of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Objective The objective of the present study was to assess the construct validity, criterion-related validity and internal consistency of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure for use in rural Tanzania. Design A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted from March to May 2005. Key adaptations to the nine-item Radimer/Cornell items included translation to Swahili, replacing the term ‘balanced diet’ with ‘full meal’ and constructin…
Prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV-1 post-test counseling in the era of antiretroviral therapy in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
In this era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) a limited number of population-based studies have investigated the extent of voluntary counseling and testing acceptance and completion in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of failure to return for HIV post-test counseling (PTC) among adults in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Following a cross-sectional survey, people aged 15-44 years living in Oria village were inte…
Food insecurity is associated with food consumption patterns and anthropometric measures but not serum micronutrient levels in adults in rural Tanzania
Objective The purpose of the present paper is to assess the relationship between food insecurity and food consumption patterns, anthropometric measures and serum micronutrient levels in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Design A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out between March and May of 2005. Setting Rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Subjects Analysis was restricted to 1014 adults aged 15–44 years with children and complete data. Resul…
Attitudes towards and perceptions of reproductive health needs of persons living with HIV/Aids in rural Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
The introduction of antiretroviral treatment has resulted in the resumption of socially productive and sexually active lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, together with the desire for children. However, factors affecting the reproductive health needs of people living with HIV/AIDS are not well understood. With this in mind, the aim of this paper was to investigate factors associated with these health needs using a qualitative approach. Findings…
Fertility desire and intention of people living with HIV/Aids in Tanzania
Fertility desire and intention of PLWHA was substantially high though lower than that of the general population in Tanzania. Practice of unprotected sexual intercourse with higher pregnancy rate was observed. Fertility desire was determined by individual perceived health and socio-family related factors. With increasing ART coverage and subsequent improved quality of life of PLWHA, these findings underscore the importance of integrating reproduct…
Prevalence and determinants of stunting in under-five children in central Tanzania
Stunting was highly prevalent in Kongwa district despite general improvements in child nutritional status at the national level. Household characteristics and economic status were found to play a major role in child health. In this regard, disaggregated analyses are therefore important in identifying resilient areas in need of concerted efforts for the MDG 4 to be achieved nationwide
Effect of the PREPARE intervention on sexual initiation and condom use among adolescents aged 12–14
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000900718 , registered on 13 August, 2013
“Thought provoking”, “interactive”, and “more like a peer talk”
Proponents of the newly-developed "deliberative interview" argue that examining complex issues requires more dynamic and engaging interview exchanges. Unlike traditional qualitative interviews, deliberative interviewing champions opinion sharing, active debates and similar speaking times by both sides throughout the interview. Drawing on 20 interviews with health experts in Germany, we examined the process and outcome of deliberative versus conve…
Health services we can trust
Drawing on qualitative research in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, this article explores how men who engage in sex with other men perceive their interactions with healthcare providers, and how they would prefer healthcare services to be organised and delivered. The paper describes the strengths and weaknesses men associate with private and public healthcare; the advantages and disadvantages they associate with dedicated clinics for sexual minority perso…
Harmful Alcohol Use and Associated Socio-Structural Factors among Female Sex Workers Initiating HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Harmful alcohol use is an important risk factor for premature mortality and morbidity and associated with increased HIV risk and lower uptake of and adherence to HIV interventions. This study aimed to assess the extent of harmful alcohol use and associated socio-structural vulnerability factors among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a key population in the HIV epidemic. Data from a study of female sex workers initiating pre-exposure…
Consent Requirements for Testing Health Policies
Individual informed consent is a central requirement for clinical research on human subjects, yet whether and how consent requirements should apply to health policy experiments (HPEs) remains unclear. HPEs test and evaluate public health policies prior to implementation. We interviewed 58 health experts in Tanzania, Bangladesh and Germany on informed consent requirements for HPEs. Health experts across all countries favored a strong evidence base…
Use of antibiotics in poultry and poultry farmers- a cross-sectional survey in Pakistan
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which has been ascribed to be due to community carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is highly prevalent in the WHO South-East Asia region. One of the major reasons for this is the misuse of antibiotics in animal farming practices and at the community level, which threatens both human and animal health. However, this problem of antibiotic misuse in poultry farms and in respective farmers is not well …
Early disengagement from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services and associated factors among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
INTRODUCTION: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention tool when taken as prescribed. However, suboptimal use may challenge its real-life impact. To support female sex workers in their efforts to prevent themselves from HIV, it is essential to identify factors that contribute to early disengagement from PrEP care. In this study, we aimed to estimate the risk of early disengagement from PrEP services among female sex workers …
HIV testing and associated factors among female sex workers in Tanzania
Use of HIV testing services among FSW in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is below the desired UNAIDS target of 90%. We estimated the prevalence and factors associated with HIV testing among FSW in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A respondent-driven sampling method was used to recruit FSW aged 18. Modified Poisson regression models were used to determine factors associated with recent HIV testing. Of 958 surveyed FSW (median age 26 years), 85.4% (95% CI: 82.3, …
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use during periods of unprotected sex among female sex workers in Tanga city, Tanzania
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevention-effective adherence is of critical importance but challenging particularly among key populations where periods of high HIV risk are frequent. We assessed the use of PrEP with reference to periods of unprotected sex among female sex workers in the city of Tanga. Methods This was part of the pragmatic quasi-experimental trial for HIV PrEP rollout in Tanzania involving a control cohort of 313 fem…
What can PrEP do for female sex workers? Unpacking the "effectosphere" of biomedical HIV prevention in Dar es Salaam
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a drug with the power to prevent HIV transmission. This study delved into the broader implications of PrEP use among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, a group disproportionately affected by HIV and socio-structural challenges. Through 46 in-depth interviews with 40 women who were either former or current PrEP users or intended to start PrEP between January 2021 and February 2022, we sought to explor…
I Stopped to Prove them Wrong
High discontinuation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among high-risk women undermines its effectiveness. However, there is limited evidence on the reasons for PrEP discontinuation among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa. Exploring population-specific reasons for PrEP discontinuation will guide the design of client-centered strategies. Thus, we explored the reasons for PrEP discontinuation among female sex workers in Tanzania using mixed…
Dilemmas in diagnosing advanced HIV disease
Despite global efforts to control Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a significant number of individuals present for care with advanced HIV disease. A false negative HIV test, where HIV-infected individuals receive negative test results, delays treatment initiation and increases transmission risks. We report a clinical case and outcome of a patient with advanced HIV infection who presented with repeated false negative rapid HIV tests. A 37-year-…
Longitudinal Patterns of Adherence to Oral HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among At-Risk Women in Tanga, Tanzania
There is scarcity of evidence on the changes over time of adherence to oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among female sex workers. Therefore, we assessed the changes of adherence to PrEP over 12 months and influencing factors for suboptimal adherence and explored strategies to optimize adherence to oral PrEP among female sex workers in Tanzania. Convergence analysis was conducted involving 313 respondent driven sampled participants in the …
Prevalence and factors associated with mental distress among men at higher risk of HIV infection enrolled in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis program in Tanga, Tanzania
Mental distress was relatively high among MSM, especially those with low PrEP knowledge, high PrEP stigma, and perceived high HIV risk, while easy condom access lowered the prevalence. Healthcare stakeholders should work to enhance PrEP awareness, reduce stigma, and ensure condom availability. Expanding and integrating mental health services within HIV programming is crucial in achieving the goal of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030
Prevalence of HIV retesting and associated factors among perinatal women who tested negative at the first antenatal screening in the Kilimanjaro region
In efforts toward eliminating vertical transmission of HIV, the WHO recommends that all pregnant women who test negative during the first test be retested; despite this recommendation, the prevalence of maternal HIV retesting in Tanzania is 30.4%, which is low. To address this challenge, on-the-job training of health care workers, was conducted all over the country. We assessed the updated prevalence of HIV retesting and associated factors among …
Medicine (19 obras) · Tanzania (18 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (17 obras) · Environmental health (15 obras) · Demography (12 obras) · Family medicine (11 obras) · Population (10 obras) · Public health (9 obras) · Sex work and related issues (9 obras) · Demography (8 obras)