David T Levy
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1726600 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | David T Levy |
| NOMBRES | David T |
| APELLIDO | Levy |
| FIRMA | LEVY D T |
| AFILIACIONES | Georgetown University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5280-3612 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 88 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 65 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 88 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1960 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Marketing expenditures and industry transformation
Our analysis finds that, despite declining cigarette sales, cigarette companies have intensified their marketing efforts by allocating increasing expenditures per pack as e-cigarette use increased
Recent trends in sales of electronic nicotine devices and oral nicotine pouches by flavour
Differences in ENDS and ONP sales trends by flavour type underscore the importance of ongoing, detailed monitoring of nicotine product sales and use, to clarify public health implications and guide regulation. Given the growing variety of nicotine and tobacco products available today, tobacco regulatory frameworks must consider trends across this rapidly evolving market to understand and mitigate associated public health risks
SimSmoke simulation models by educational status
We found major differences in the initial levels and rates of decline in smoking prevalence by education, leading to widening health inequities. Further study is warranted on education-related policy impacts and the relationship of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other non-cigarette product use to cigarette use
US Tobacco 21 Policies and Potential Mortality Reductions by State
This study found that early adoption and implementation of T21 policies maximizes potential premature mortality reductions. However, the strength of T21 policies and enforcement varies widely across states. Enforcement of the federal T21 law is critical in the 8 states without state-level T21 cigarette policies of their own
Transformation of the tobacco product market in Japan, 2011–2023
While many factors may account for the decreased sale of cigarettes in Japan over the past 12 years, the increased sale of HTPs appears to be a factor
Changing patterns of cigarette and ENDS transitions in the USA
The persistence of ENDS use among adults remained high in 2019-2021, but a larger fraction of dual users transitioned to ENDS-only use compared with 2017-2019. Because the fraction of cigarette-only users switching to dual use remained low, especially among older adults, the public health implications of this change are minimal
Evaluating trends in cigarette and HTP use in Japan and measurement issues in the National Health and Nutrition Survey
While suggesting that HTPs helped some people who smoke to quit smoking, this study also shows the difficulties in eliciting accurate survey responses about product use and distinguishing the impact of a potentially harm-reducing product in an environment subject to rapidly evolving patterns of use
Trends in US Adult Smoking Prevalence, 2011 to 2022
This cross-sectional study found that smoking prevalence decreased from 2011 to 2022 in all age groups except adults 65 years or older, with faster decreases among younger than older adults. These findings suggest that the greatest gains in terms of reducing smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality could be achieved by focusing on individuals with low socioeconomic status, as this population has the highest smoking rates and the worst health …
The smoking and vaping model, A user-friendly model for examining the country-specific impact of nicotine Vaping product use
SAVM enables non-modelers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to analyze the potential population health effects of NVP use and public health interventions
The longitudinal association between coupon receipt and established cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in USA
These findings show that receiving tobacco coupons may increase the likelihood that young adults will initiate established cigarette smoking, underscoring the need to address the effects of this tobacco marketing tactic
Changing patterns of cigarette and ENDS transitions in the USA
ENDS-only and dual use became more persistent. Middle-aged and older adults who used both products became less likely to transition to cigarette-only use but not more likely to discontinue cigarettes. Youth and young adults became more likely to transition to ENDS-only use
Comparison of smoking prevalence in Canada before and after nicotine vaping product access using the SimSmoke model
Smoking prevalence in Canada, especially among younger adults, declined more rapidly once NVPs became readily available. The emergence of NVPs into the Canadian marketplace has not slowed the decline in smoking
Do Current Smokers and Ex-Smokers Who Use Nicotine Vaping Products Daily Versus Weekly Differ on Their Reasons for Vaping? Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey
This study examined reasons why adults who currently smoke or formerly smoked cigarettes use nicotine vaping products (NVPs) by vaping frequency (daily vs. weekly) stratified by smoking status. This cross-sectional study included 3070 adults from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (Australia, Canada, England, United States) who reported using a NVP (vaping) at least weekly and who either currently smoke ( n = 2467) or formerly sm…
A Decision-Theoretic Public Health Framework for Heated Tobacco and Nicotine Vaping Products
Markets for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have grown as these products became positioned as harm-reduction alternatives to combusted tobacco products. Herein, we present a public health decision-theoretic framework incorporating different patterns of HTP, NVP, and cigarette use to examine their impacts on population health. Our framework demonstrates that, for individuals who would have otherwise smoked, HTP u…
Public health impact of a US menthol cigarette ban on the non-Hispanic black population
A menthol cigarette ban will substantially reduce the smoking-associated health impact on the NHB population, thereby reducing health disparities
Impact of Canada’s menthol cigarette ban on quitting among menthol smokers
This pooled analysis of Canada's menthol cigarette ban provides the foundation for estimating the impact of menthol bans in the USA and other countries. Projections suggest that a US menthol cigarette ban would have a substantial impact on increasing quitting
Estimated Prevalence of Smoking and Smoking-Attributable Mortality Associated With Graphic Health Warnings on Cigarette Packages in the US From 2022 to 2100
This decision analytical model estimated that FDA cigarette graphic health warnings, if implemented in 2022, would be associated with public health benefits. The model also estimated that more smoking-attributable deaths would have been averted if the policy had been implemented in 2012. Industry litigation and delays to implementing tobacco regulations may have been harmful for public health
Sociodemographic Patterns of Exclusive and Dual Use of ENDS and Menthol/Non-Menthol Cigarettes among US Youth (Ages 15–17) Using Two Nationally Representative Surveys (2013–2017)
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among youth in the United States has increased rapidly in the past decade. Simultaneously, while youth cigarette smoking has declined considerably, youth are still more likely to use menthol cigarettes than any other age group. We used nationally representative data on 15-17-year-olds from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study and the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS…
US Nicotine Vaping Product SimSmoke Simulation Model
The public health impact of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) is subject to a complex set of uncertain transitions between NVP and cigarette use. Instead, we apply an indirect method to gauge the impact of NVP use on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) using the well-established SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model. Upon validating the model before NVPs were more widely used, we project a No-NVP (i.e., in the absen…
A comparison of tobacco product prevalence by different frequency of use thresholds across three US surveys
The estimated prevalence of each tobacco product use depends largely on the survey and frequency of use threshold adopted. The choice of survey and frequency threshold merits serious consideration when monitoring patterns of tobacco use
Public health impact of a US ban on menthol in cigarettes and cigars
Our findings strongly support the implementation of a ban on menthol in cigarettes and cigars
Characteristics and changes over time of nicotine vaping products used by vapers in the 2016 and 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys
Most vapers continued using the same vaping device and features over 18 months. Differences in NVP types and features were observed between countries, suggesting that differing NVP regulations affect consumer choices regarding the type of vaping device to use
Cigarette taxes, prices, and disparities in current smoking in the United States
Increasing cigarette taxes has been the cornerstone of tobacco control policy. Recent work has argued that raising cigarette taxes alone may no longer be an effective strategy for lowering smoking rates. We largely confirm these findings but also find that increases in price continue to predict lower smoking participation in most model specifications. We argue that raising cigarette prices via taxation remains an effective public health policy. W…
Changes in Smoking and Vaping over 18 Months among Smokers and Recent Ex-Smokers
This descriptive study of smokers (smoked at least monthly) and recent ex-smokers (quit for ≤2 years) examined transitions over an 18 month period in their smoking and vaping behaviors. Data are from Waves 1 (W1: 2016) and 2 (W2: 2018) of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey, a cohort study of adult (≥18+) smokers, concurrent users (smoke and vape), and recent ex-smokers from Australia, Canada, England, and the United States (US). Respo…
Smoking trends in Mexico, 2002–2016
Full implementation of the FCTC is necessary to further reduce smoking. Specific interventions may be needed to target non-daily smokers, who now comprise more than half of current smokers in Mexico
Simulation Modeling and Tobacco Control
Although previous empirical studies have shown that tobacco control policies are effective at reducing smoking rates, such studies have proven of limited effectiveness in distinguishing how the effect of policies depend on the other policies in place, the length of adjustment period, the way the policy is implemented, and the demographic groups considered. An alternative and complementary approach to purely statistical equations is simulation mod…
Nondaily Smokers
Objective. We sought to understand who constitutes the sizable population of nondaily, or some-day (SD), smokers. Methods. We analyzed descriptive statistics and regression results using the 1998–1999 Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement to determine the prevalence of SD smokers, their sociodemographic characteristics, and the smoking patterns and histories of groups differentiated by the length and stability of their SD smoking. Resu…
Does the Minimum Drinking Age Affect Traffic Fatalities
Since the mid-1970s numerous states have raised their minimum legal drinking age in an effort to reduce alcohol-related traffic accidents. This study examines determinants of a variety of traffic fatality rates at the state level for 1978, with particular attention to drinking age and drinking experience. The legal drinking age has no perceptible influence on fatalities, but inexperience in drinking is an apparent risk factor independent of age. …
Risk compensation and the effectiveness of safety belt use laws
Impact of Tobacco Control on Adult per Capita Cigarette Consumption in the United States
Objectives. We assessed the impact of tobacco control on adult per capita cigarette consumption in the United States from 1964 to 2011. Methods. We used logit regression to model the diffusion of smoking from 1900 to 2011. We also projected hypothetical cigarette consumption after 1963 in the absence of tobacco control. Model predictors included historical events such as wars, specific tobacco control interventions, and other influences. Results.…
The role of public policies in reducing smoking and deaths caused by smoking in Vietnam
Quit Attempts and Quit Rates Among Menthol and Nonmenthol Smokers in the United States
Objectives. We compared quit attempts and quit rates among menthol and nonmenthol cigarette smokers in the United States. Methods. We used data from the 2003 and 2006–2007 waves of the large, nationally representative Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey with control for state-level tobacco control spending, prices, and smoke-free air laws. We estimated mean prevalence, quit rates, and multivariate logistic regression equations…
Modeling the Future Effects of a Menthol Ban on Smoking Prevalence and Smoking-Attributable Deaths in the United States
We used a validated smoking simulation model and data from the 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey to project the impact that a US menthol ban would have on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths. In a scenario in which 30% of menthol smokers quit and 30% of those who would have initiated as menthol smokers do not initiate, by 2050 the relative reduction in smoking prevalence would be 9.7% overall and 24.8% fo…
Tobacco control policies and smoking in a population of low education women, 1992–2002
Study objective: To examine recent trends and the role of tobacco control policies associated with smoking among women of low socioeconomic status. Design: Using four waves of the nationally representative tobacco use supplement to the current population survey (TUS-CPS)—(1992–2002), the study examined trends and used multivariate logistic models of smoking prevalence among low education women to examine the role of cigarette prices, clean air re…
Traffic safety effects of sobriety checkpoints and other local DWI programs in New Jersey
We examined the efficacy of three Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) programs in New Jersey from 1980 through 1985, using covariance analysis of county data. Road blocks, the major component of the Strike Force program, were associated with a drop of 10-15 per cent in the single vehicle nighttime crash rate and showed a relatively stable effect over time. DWI Task Force, an education program, was associated with a 6-10 per cent total decline in the …
Changes in cigarette consumption patterns among Brazilian smokers between 1989 and 2008
The assessment of temporal differences in cigarette consumption may help in understanding whether a smoking population is becoming more resistant to quitting over time. We calculated absolute differences in average cigarette consumption, stratified by birth cohort and age group. Data were obtained from random samples from two Brazilian national household surveys (1989, N = 12,782; 2008, N = 6,675). A linear regression model was used to adjust est…
SimSmoke Model Evaluation of the Effect of Tobacco Control Policies in Korea
Objectives. We evaluated the effect of strict tobacco control policies, implemented beginning in 1995 in the Republic of Korea, on smoking prevalence and deaths. Methods. SimSmoke is a simulation model of the effect of tobacco control policies over time on smoking initiation and cessation. It uses standard attribution methods to estimate lives saved as a result of new policies. After validating the model against smoking prevalence, we used it to …
Update and extension of the Brazil SimSmoke model to estimate the health impact of cigarette smoking by pregnant women in Brazil
A previous application of the Brazil SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model was used to show the effect of policies implemented between 1989 and 2010 on smoking-attributable deaths (SADs). In this study, we updated and further validated the Brazil SimSmoke model to incorporate policies implemented since 2011 (e.g., a new tax structure with the purpose of increasing revenues/real prices). In addition, we extended the model to estimate sm…
The benefits from complying with the framework convention on tobacco control
INTRODUCTION: This article compares the predicted impact of tobacco tax increases alone and as part of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) across 15 European countries. METHODS: Country-specific population, smoking prevalence and policy data with modified parameter values have been applied to the previously validated SimSmoke model for 10 high-income and 5 middle-income European na…
Exploring Scenarios to Dramatically Reduce Smoking Prevalence
Objectives. We used a simulation model to analyze whether the Healthy People 2010 goal of reducing smoking prevalence from the current 19.8% rate to 12% by 2010 could be accomplished by increasing quit attempts, increasing the use of treatments, or increasing the effectiveness of treatment. Methods. We expanded on previous versions of the tobacco control simulation model SimSmoke to assess the effects of an increase in quit attempts, treatment us…
Monkey in the Middle
MONKEY IN THE MIDDLE: PRE-DARWINIAN EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT AND ARTISTIC CREATION ELLEN K. LEVY* and DAVID E. LEVY A close look at images of monkeys in paintings of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries shows that many of them anticipate Darwinian scientific thinking regarding evolution. These images, simultaneously provocative and comical, reflect then-current philosophic speculations and preview evolutionary themes. Brueghel, Teniers, and Chard…
Epidemiological Study of Poliomyelitis in Northern Israel, 1950-1956
Epidemiological Study of Poliomyelitis in Northern Israel, 1950-1956 David Levy, and Walter Falk CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.50.6_Pt_1.843 Published Online: September 06, 2011
The Transactions Cost Approach to Vertical Integration
The transactions cost approach developed by Coase and Williamson provides a coherent framework for investigating determinants of vertical integration in different industries. Empirical implications are developed and then tested using a cross section of firm level data pooled over different time periods. The results tend to confirm hypotheses regarding internal costs of management, small numbers bargaining problems and notion of firm as suited to …
Monkey in the Middle
MONKEY IN THE MIDDLE: PRE-DARWINIAN EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT AND ARTISTIC CREATION ELLEN K. LEVY* and DAVID E. LEVY A close look at images of monkeys in paintings of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries shows that many of them anticipate Darwinian scientific thinking regarding evolution. These images, simultaneously provocative and comical, reflect then-current philosophic speculations and preview evolutionary themes. Brueghel, Teniers, and Chard…
Does the Minimum Drinking Age Affect Traffic Fatalities
Since the mid-1970s numerous states have raised their minimum legal drinking age in an effort to reduce alcohol-related traffic accidents. This study examines determinants of a variety of traffic fatality rates at the state level for 1978, with particular attention to drinking age and drinking experience. The legal drinking age has no perceptible influence on fatalities, but inexperience in drinking is an apparent risk factor independent of age. …
Traffic safety effects of sobriety checkpoints and other local DWI programs in New Jersey
We examined the efficacy of three Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) programs in New Jersey from 1980 through 1985, using covariance analysis of county data. Road blocks, the major component of the Strike Force program, were associated with a drop of 10-15 per cent in the single vehicle nighttime crash rate and showed a relatively stable effect over time. DWI Task Force, an education program, was associated with a 6-10 per cent total decline in the …
Equilibrium employment of inputs by a rent-seeking firm
Risk compensation and the effectiveness of safety belt use laws
Cost-Outcome Analysis in Injury Prevention and Control
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to review cost-outcome analyses in injury prevention and control and estimate associated benefit-cost ratios and cost per quality-adjusted life-year. DATA SOURCES: Medline and Internet search, bibliographic review, and federal agency contacts identified published and unpublished studies from 1987 to 1998 for the United States. Studies of low quality and analyses of occupational, air, rail, and water t…
Effect of clean indoor air laws on smokers
Clean indoor air laws have the ability to reduce smoking rates substantially and save lives, but their impact is likely to depend on their comprehensiveness and prior private worksite restrictions in place
Effect of policies directed at youth access to smoking
A well designed youth access policy has the ability to affect youth smoking rates in the short term, and will lead to savings in lives in future years. The ability of retail oriented policies to reduce youth smoking, however, is limited. Other tobacco control policies, including those directed at non-retail sources of cigarettes, are also needed
Youths' Social Sources of Cigarettes
Federal, state, and local policies aimed at reducing youth access to tobacco have been successful at increasing retail compliance, but they have had limited impact on actual youth smoking rates. One of the reasons that retail-based policies have failed to significantly reduce youth smoking rates is attributable in part to youths, substituting social or non-retail sources of cigarettes for retail supply. The widespread availability of cigarettes t…
Examining the effects of tobacco treatment policies on smoking rates and smoking related deaths using the SimSmoke computer simulation model
Tobacco treatment policies, especially those with broad and flexible coverage, have the potential to increase smoking cessation substantially and decrease smoking rates in the short term, with fairly immediate reductions in deaths
Nondaily Smokers
Objective. We sought to understand who constitutes the sizable population of nondaily, or some-day (SD), smokers. Methods. We analyzed descriptive statistics and regression results using the 1998–1999 Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement to determine the prevalence of SD smokers, their sociodemographic characteristics, and the smoking patterns and histories of groups differentiated by the length and stability of their SD smoking. Resu…
The Effects of Tobacco Control Policies on Smoking Rates
This article reviews studies of the effect of tobacco control policies on smoking rates with the aim of providing guidance on the importance of different policies. Based on past studies, we estimate the magnitude of effects of major tobacco control policies, how their effects depend on the manner in which the policies are implemented, the relationship between the different policies, and the barriers to implementation. The most successful campaign…
Recent trends in home and work smoking bans
The results indicate that lower smoking rates are associated with higher rates of work and home bans, although substantial progress has also been made by those states with initially low rates of bans. While further work is needed to establish the direction of causality, it would appear that reductions in smoking rates, either through stronger tobacco control policies or otherwise, may reduce exposure to tobacco smoke not only by reducing the numb…
Increasing taxes to reduce smoking prevalence and smoking attributable mortality in Taiwan
Tax rises have the ability to substantially affect smoking rates in Taiwan. These effects grow over time and lead to substantial savings in lives and health care costs
The health benefits of smoking cessation for adult smokers and for pregnant women in Taiwan
The health benefits of smoking cessation, rarely reported for Asian populations, have been largely ignored by smokers in Taiwan, where cessation activities have been extremely limited. Findings of this study that risks from smoking can be attenuated or reversed should be widely communicated to motivate smokers to quit. Smokers should quit early, including smoking mothers, and not wait till medical conditions surfaced, to have the maximal benefits…
Smoking behaviour in Taiwan, 2001
Taiwan has particularly high male smoking prevalence and much lower female prevalence. The low female prevalence is likely to increase if the current sex ratio of smoking by underage youth continues. The low quit rate among males, the high ETS exposure of females and young children at home, and the sharp increase in smoking rates when students leave school, are of particular concern. These observations on smoking behaviour can provide valuable in…
Smoking attributable mortality for Taiwan and its projection to 2020 under different smoking scenarios
The projected SAM in this study illustrates the seriousness of smoking caused mortality. Current efforts in tobacco control would lead to a progressive increase in SAM, unless efforts were doubled and smoking rates reduced by more than 4% a year. The urgency in requiring stronger tobacco control programmes to attenuate the staggering death tolls is compelling
Uncovering the relation between betel quid chewing and cigarette smoking in Taiwan
To a large extent, the serious health consequences suffered by betel quid chewers were the result of the combined effects of smoking and chewing. Betel quid chewing should not be considered as an isolated issue, but should be viewed conjointly with cigarette smoking. Reducing cigarette smoking serves as an important first step in reducing betel quid chewing, and incorporating betel quid control into tobacco control may provide a new paradigm to a…
Are marketing campaigns in Taiwan by foreign tobacco companies targeting young smokers
This study provides evidence that advertising increased with increased competition following the market opening, which, in turn, spurred cigarette sales and consumption. Foreign tobacco companies have deliberately targeted youth in Taiwan and succeeded in gaining three quarters of their cigarette purchases within a decade. Expanding youth consumption will incur excessive future health care costs borne by society. Foreign tobacco companies should …
Smokeless tobacco use 1992–2002
The findings indicate that relative reductions in smoking prevalence are exceeded by relative reductions in SLT use, with sizeable reductions in concurrent use. These results suggest that the stricter cigarette policies of recent years may not only reduce cigarette use, but also the use of alternative tobacco products. In light of potential policy implications of SLT use as a potential reduced exposure product (PREP), current survey methods requi…
Tobacco control policies and smoking in a population of low education women, 1992–2002
Study objective: To examine recent trends and the role of tobacco control policies associated with smoking among women of low socioeconomic status. Design: Using four waves of the nationally representative tobacco use supplement to the current population survey (TUS-CPS)—(1992–2002), the study examined trends and used multivariate logistic models of smoking prevalence among low education women to examine the role of cigarette prices, clean air re…
Simulation Modeling and Tobacco Control
Although previous empirical studies have shown that tobacco control policies are effective at reducing smoking rates, such studies have proven of limited effectiveness in distinguishing how the effect of policies depend on the other policies in place, the length of adjustment period, the way the policy is implemented, and the demographic groups considered. An alternative and complementary approach to purely statistical equations is simulation mod…
The role of public policies in reducing smoking and deaths caused by smoking in Vietnam
Medicine (81 obras) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (74 obras) · Environmental health (73 obras) · Public health (51 obras) · Demography (49 obras) · Population (48 obras) · Tobacco control (45 obras) · Demography (38 obras) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (33 obras) · Smoking cessation (29 obras)