Ole Elgstrom
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 172991 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Ole Elgstrom |
| NOMBRES | Ole |
| APELLIDO | Elgstrom |
| FIRMA | ELGSTROM O |
| AFILIACIONES | Lund University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3474-1996 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 49 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 664 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1981 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
Securitization of Ukrainian heritage
Still leaders but less exceptional
The Nordic countries have been described as generous front-runners in their development assistance, making observers suggest the existence of a ‘Nordic Model’. They have been claimed to play a leadership role in a European and global context. Recently, however, this characterisation has been challenged due to changes in Nordic policies and in the external environment. We investigate the development policies of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden …
Normative Leadership Lost? Gender Equality in the EU and the Rise and Demise of Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy
The threat of abandonment
This article further theorises and develops the notion of a threat of abandonment while trying to elucidate the applicability and usefulness of this concept in the case of Ukraine in its fight against Russia since 2014. If Ukraine perceives the European Union (EU) as weakened by multiple crises, it may translate this image into a scenario of less attention to Ukraine and its problems, and – ultimately – to a threat of abandonment, of being left a…
A European Feminist Foreign and Security Policy? Norm Contestation and Norm Negotiations in the European Parliament
In 2020, the European Parliament ( ep ) issued a resolution calling for all European Union (EU) Member States to adopt feminist foreign and security policies, and for a gender-transformative vision in the EU’s own external policy. Drawing on the literatures on negotiations and norm contestation, this article3 asks why the resolution was so progressive. It also asks how we can characterize and explain the nature of the negotiations leading to the …
European Union Normative Positions, Resilience and Contestation
Positioned within a perceptual approach to European Union (EU) foreign policy, this article explores tensions relating to the resilience of the EU's normative identity, focusing on factors and explanations external to the EU. We engage with EU perceptions amongst external partners theorized as active agents/potential contributors to contestation processes. We focus on the perceived role of the EU as an international normative actor expected to mi…
Russia’s war in Ukraine and transformation of EU public diplomacy
Employing a perceptual approach to EU foreign policy studies, we argue that extensive changes following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 have created important opportunities for diminishing many of the perceptual gaps that existed between the EU and Ukraine following the annexation of Crimea. We distinguish between changes in Ukraine's and the EU's attitudes towards each other, contextual changes as a result of the war …
Critical Expectation Gaps
Advancing theorization of the perceptual approach to EU foreign policy, this study develops a new notion of critical expectation gaps, intended to reflect on the depth and intensity of the rapture between expectations/hopes and perceived performance of the EU. In our focus is the correlation between the degree of externally perceived ‘Otherness’ and the likelihood of EU external action to be considered effective, whereas the EU adapts (or not) to…
Feminist foreign policies (FFPs) as strategic narratives
Drawing on the IR theories of norm translation and strategic narratives, this article focuses on how states translate international norms to their own advantage by producing strategic narratives to advance their soft power ambitions abroad. Using the example of feminist foreign policy (FFP), the article compares Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico in their attempts to translate international feminist norms into their countries’ strategic narrative…
Feminist foreign policies (FFPs) as strategic narratives
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Politicization of EU Development Policy
This article highlights the role of external audiences and their perceptions in analysing the politicization of EU development policy. We analyse how EU foreign assistance is understood in two different intermediary arenas of politicization – elites in different societal sectors and media – within Ukraine, a major recipient of EU aid. By investigating to what extent EU assistance is perceived to be politicized, in terms of salience and polarizati…
Spreading a norm-based policy? Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy in international media
Since 2014, Sweden has pursued the world's first Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP). However, the effectiveness of its policy promotion depends on how Sweden's efforts to spread this norm-based policy are perceived and evaluated by other states. We argue that a policy promotion effort has to be perceived as legitimate, coherent and salient by target populations in order to be effective. We investigate the extent to which it is the case in national new…
A Perceptual Approach to EU Public Diplomacy
This article contributes to the theorisation of collaborative public diplomacy by introducing a perceptual approach. Engaging with the collaborative diplomacy paradigm developed to conceptualise public diplomacy in the context of non-traditional security threats and conflicts, as well as nation building, the article explores and compares perceptions of the European Union (EU) as a public diplomacy actor in Ukraine (tracked in 50 elite interviews)…
Perceptions of EU mediation and mediation effectiveness
A small but growing literature has started to analyse the European Union (EU) ‘as an effective peacemaker’. We make a contribution to this field by investigating EU mediation effectiveness in the Russia–Ukraine conflict. The focus is on perceptions of effectiveness. Based on information from semi-structured interviews, we compare EU self-images with Ukrainian evaluations of EU mediation efforts. How effective is the EU, including its Member State…
Praise or critique? Sweden’s feminist foreign policy in the eyes of its fellow EU members
In 2014, the Swedish Government proclaimed that it would pursue a Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP). This initiative illustrates Sweden's role as a norm entrepreneur, challenging predominant normative frames by enhancing existing gender equality norms. Our article is a first attempt to investigate how other state actors perceive the legitimacy, coherence and effectiveness of this policy innovation. The focus is on the perceptions of diplomatic repres…
Perceptions of the EU’s Role in the Ukraine-Russia and the Israel-Palestine Conflicts
This article focuses on how the European Union’s ( EU ) mediation activities during the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Palestine conflicts are perceived by local elites. Our analysis is based on recent interviews with decision makers in Ukraine, Israel and Palestine. Consistent with this special issue, we investigate perceptions of EU roles, strategies and effectiveness. We suggest that the EU ’s relation to the parties may affect their perceptions of…
Russian Images of the European Union
This article probes into scope conditions for image change, investigating what changes in Russian images of the European Union (EU) have taken place as a result of the Russian–Ukrainian crisis. The crisis, a catalytic event, has been surrounded by uncertainty and strong emotions and is seen as a potential historical watershed in EU–Russian relations. The article examines Russia’s images of the EU’s intentions (good or bad?), capabilities (strong …
Norm advocacy networks
This article investigates the informal networks of Member States that are claimed to be the drivers of EU gender and development policy. The aim is to highlight the negotiation strategies used in gender and development negotiations and to link these to network characteristics. I categorise the characteristics of the Nordic and the like-minded groupings, relying on network theory and investigate their modes of influence. The article is based on in…
An end to Nordic exceptionalism? Europeanisation and Nordic development policies
The Nordic countries have traditionally been praised for their generous and advanced development policies. Recently, however, it has been claimed that the Nordic model has faded: that the Nordic donors have become more similar to other European donors. One possible reason for such trends is influences from EU policies, that is, Europeanisation. This article critically evaluates such claims by presenting arguments for and against Europeanisation e…
The Role of the EU in an Emerging New World Order in the Eyes of the Chinese, Indian and Russian Press
One of the major global challenges that the EU currently faces is the establishment of a multipolar world order with Emerging Powers—Brazil, Russia India, China and South Africa—as prospective cooperation partners. News media is the key information gatekeeper. Therefore, this research probes the EU’s place in the emerging world order by scrutinizing the visibility and framings of the EU’s dyadic relations with China, India and Russia in the daily…
Challenging the European Union
In this article, the challenges posed to the European Union's (EU) role in trade policy and its implications for development policy during the World Trade Organization's Doha Development Agenda, also known as the Doha round, are highlighted. The authors argue that transformed power relations have created a situation characterized by role uncertainty, for the emerging powers but also for the EU. Priorities among multiple possible roles – in the ex…
The EU's role in climate change negotiations
We start with two puzzles: first, how to explain the European Union (EU)'s decline as a climate change leader at the Copenhagen summit? Second, how to understand the partial revival of its leadership position at the Durban climate summit? We advance a twofold explanation, focusing on changes in relative power relations among major powers but also on negotiation strategies and coalition building. In Copenhagen, the EU had a normative agenda and un…
Images of the EU beyond its Borders
This article systematically investigates both regional and issue‐specific variation in external perceptions of the E uropean U nion ( EU ) as a global power and an international leader. While most studies on EU external perceptions focus on a one‐dimensional vision of EU leadership and/or great‐powerness, it is argued here that these perceptions are highly issue‐specific, multilayered and differentiating. This study draws on data collected throug…
Conflicting Role Conceptions? The European Union in Global Politics1
Bengtsson, Rikard and Ole Elgstrom. (2011) Conflicting Role Conceptions? The European Union in Global Politics. Foreign Policy Analysis, doi: 10.1111/j.1743-8594.2011.00157.x This article utilizes role theory for analysing the role(s) of the European Union (EU) in global politics. Specifically addressing the interplay of the EU’s own role perception and the role expectations held by other actors, the article contributes two case studies of the ro…
Trends in Development Aid, Negotiation Processes and NGO Policy Change
Non-governmental organizations (NGO) and government donor agencies (GDA) are often caught in a dilemma; an NGO between responsiveness to its target group(s), expectations of individual donors and demands of its GDA; GDA between its policy to respect NGO’s integrity, its wish to keep NGOs accountable for received fund and its operation within the bounds of its general policies. This dilemma is mirrored in the NGO–GDA negotiation for funds. Based o…
The EU's role in climate change negotiations
We start with two puzzles: first, how to explain the European Union (EU)'s decline as a climate change leader at the Copenhagen summit? Second, how to understand the partial revival of its leadership position at the Durban climate summit? We advance a twofold explanation, focusing on changes in relative power relations among major powers but also on negotiation strategies and coalition building. In Copenhagen, the EU had a normative agenda and un…
Negotiation in the European Union
EU negotiations are characterized bythe coexistence of a bargaining and a problem-solving approach. The permanence of EU negotiations discourages tough bargaining behaviour, as does the prevalence of strong consensus norms. On the other hand, evidence exists of very confrontational behaviour that often leads to lowest common denominator solutions. We argue that the mode of negotiation to be found in the EU decision-making processes is contextuall…
Norm negotiations. The construction of new norms regarding gender and development in EU foreign aid policy
The aim of this article is to explain norm change regarding gender and development in the EU. I trace the policy process from initiation to implementation to clarify how new norms were introduced and spread. The article combines a constructivist approach to norm diffusion with a negotiation perspective. Constructivist accounts underline the role of norm entrepreneurs and how they persuade others to internalize new norms. Insufficient attention is…
Coalitions in European Union Negotiations
Coalitions will probably become an increasingly important theme in European Union (EU) politics. The spread of decision making by majority voting promotes coalition‐building behaviour. The impending enlargement is predicted to differentiate and polarize policy standpoints within the EU. Increasing levels of policy conflict imply increased propensities for coalition building. Still, the role and nature of coalitions in EU negotiations are obscure.…
Still a green leader? The European Union’s role in international climate negotiations
Since the early 1990s, the European Union (EU) has presented itself as a leader on climate change. Recently, however, this picture has been challenged in the media and by non-governmental organization representatives. The aim of our article is to evaluate the Union’s present role in the area of international climate politics. We do this by scrutinizing the EU’s own role conception, but also, and primarily, by investigating the perceptions and exp…
Outsiders' Perceptions of the European Union in International Trade Negotiations
The question approached in this article is whether the almost unanimous picture, drawn by both academic observers and EU representatives, of the EU as a major power and leading actor in global trade negotiations, is also shared by ‘outsiders’. I describe and analyse how representatives of non‐EU Member States picture and evaluate the EU's role in the WTO and the strategies it uses to achieve its goals. Special attention is given to perceived cons…
Norm advocacy networks
This article investigates the informal networks of Member States that are claimed to be the drivers of EU gender and development policy. The aim is to highlight the negotiation strategies used in gender and development negotiations and to link these to network characteristics. I categorise the characteristics of the Nordic and the like-minded groupings, relying on network theory and investigate their modes of influence. The article is based on in…
Images of the EU beyond its Borders
This article systematically investigates both regional and issue‐specific variation in external perceptions of the E uropean U nion ( EU ) as a global power and an international leader. While most studies on EU external perceptions focus on a one‐dimensional vision of EU leadership and/or great‐powerness, it is argued here that these perceptions are highly issue‐specific, multilayered and differentiating. This study draws on data collected throug…
An end to Nordic exceptionalism? Europeanisation and Nordic development policies
The Nordic countries have traditionally been praised for their generous and advanced development policies. Recently, however, it has been claimed that the Nordic model has faded: that the Nordic donors have become more similar to other European donors. One possible reason for such trends is influences from EU policies, that is, Europeanisation. This article critically evaluates such claims by presenting arguments for and against Europeanisation e…
Praise or critique? Sweden’s feminist foreign policy in the eyes of its fellow EU members
In 2014, the Swedish Government proclaimed that it would pursue a Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP). This initiative illustrates Sweden's role as a norm entrepreneur, challenging predominant normative frames by enhancing existing gender equality norms. Our article is a first attempt to investigate how other state actors perceive the legitimacy, coherence and effectiveness of this policy innovation. The focus is on the perceptions of diplomatic repres…
Free to trade? Commission autonomy in the Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations
In this article, we suggest that the degree of (dis)unity - both between the member states (MS) in the Council and within the Commission - is a key factor in affecting the balance between Commission autonomy and MS control in international trade negotiations. We shed empirical light on this issue, and on the relative influence of MS and the Commission in general, through a case study of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) negotiations betwee…
Perceptions of EU mediation and mediation effectiveness
A small but growing literature has started to analyse the European Union (EU) ‘as an effective peacemaker’. We make a contribution to this field by investigating EU mediation effectiveness in the Russia–Ukraine conflict. The focus is on perceptions of effectiveness. Based on information from semi-structured interviews, we compare EU self-images with Ukrainian evaluations of EU mediation efforts. How effective is the EU, including its Member State…
Conflicting Role Conceptions? The European Union in Global Politics1
Bengtsson, Rikard and Ole Elgstrom. (2011) Conflicting Role Conceptions? The European Union in Global Politics. Foreign Policy Analysis, doi: 10.1111/j.1743-8594.2011.00157.x This article utilizes role theory for analysing the role(s) of the European Union (EU) in global politics. Specifically addressing the interplay of the EU’s own role perception and the role expectations held by other actors, the article contributes two case studies of the ro…
Imposed Coherence
Ensuring coherence in the European Union’s relations with other actors is no easy task and particularly difficult when several distinct policy areas are handled within one and the same international negotiation. Such was the case in the recently concluded negotiations on Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with regional groupings of Asian, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The aim of this article is to analyse the challenges facing the EU when …
Spreading a norm-based policy? Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy in international media
Since 2014, Sweden has pursued the world's first Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP). However, the effectiveness of its policy promotion depends on how Sweden's efforts to spread this norm-based policy are perceived and evaluated by other states. We argue that a policy promotion effort has to be perceived as legitimate, coherent and salient by target populations in order to be effective. We investigate the extent to which it is the case in national new…
Politicization of EU Development Policy
This article highlights the role of external audiences and their perceptions in analysing the politicization of EU development policy. We analyse how EU foreign assistance is understood in two different intermediary arenas of politicization – elites in different societal sectors and media – within Ukraine, a major recipient of EU aid. By investigating to what extent EU assistance is perceived to be politicized, in terms of salience and polarizati…
Introduction
This Special Issue of the Journal of European Public Policy is devoted to a phenomenon that is pervasive in the European integration project: negotiation. It is apparent from a review of the literature on integration and policy-making in the European Union (EU) that a great deal of it deals more or less explicitly with the ways in which ‘inputs’ are mediated by forms of negotiation to result in ‘outputs’, and that understandings about negotiation…
The European Union as a Leader in International Multilateral Negotiations — a Problematic Aspiration
This article analyses the leadership role of the European Union (EU) in international multilateral negotiations. The purpose is to problematize the role of the EU as a multilateral leader by contrasting its self-images as an active initiator with other negotiating actors' perceptions of the Union. This is done by comparing the role conceptions presented by EU representatives with the images presented by delegates from non-member states in three d…
Negotiating Transparency
On 30 May 2001, a new regulation on public access to EU documents was presented and was heralded in the European press as a breakthrough for transparency. We argue that a focus on institutions can cast light on the negotiation processes that led to this decision, and explain the final–for realist negotiation theory puzzling–outcome. We demonstrate the importance of institutions in EU negotiations by detailing actor interests and strategies in the…
Critical Expectation Gaps
Advancing theorization of the perceptual approach to EU foreign policy, this study develops a new notion of critical expectation gaps, intended to reflect on the depth and intensity of the rapture between expectations/hopes and perceived performance of the EU. In our focus is the correlation between the degree of externally perceived ‘Otherness’ and the likelihood of EU external action to be considered effective, whereas the EU adapts (or not) to…
Feminist foreign policies (FFPs) as strategic narratives
Drawing on the IR theories of norm translation and strategic narratives, this article focuses on how states translate international norms to their own advantage by producing strategic narratives to advance their soft power ambitions abroad. Using the example of feminist foreign policy (FFP), the article compares Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico in their attempts to translate international feminist norms into their countries’ strategic narrative…
The Role of the EU in an Emerging New World Order in the Eyes of the Chinese, Indian and Russian Press
One of the major global challenges that the EU currently faces is the establishment of a multipolar world order with Emerging Powers—Brazil, Russia India, China and South Africa—as prospective cooperation partners. News media is the key information gatekeeper. Therefore, this research probes the EU’s place in the emerging world order by scrutinizing the visibility and framings of the EU’s dyadic relations with China, India and Russia in the daily…
Evaluating the Swedish Presidency
Silencer or Amplifier? The European Union Presidency and the Nordic Countries
How did the three Nordic European Union member states approach their periods as holders of the European Union (EU) Council Presidency? Two radically different predictions about the impact of the Presidency on member state behaviour can be found in the literature. Some maintain that the position functions as an amplifier, strengthening the already existing tendency to propagate national concerns. Others argue that the Presidency functions as a sil…
Russia’s war in Ukraine and transformation of EU public diplomacy
Employing a perceptual approach to EU foreign policy studies, we argue that extensive changes following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 have created important opportunities for diminishing many of the perceptual gaps that existed between the EU and Ukraine following the annexation of Crimea. We distinguish between changes in Ukraine's and the EU's attitudes towards each other, contextual changes as a result of the war …
Active Foreign Policy as a Preventive Strategy Against Depen dence
Negotiating with the LDCs
In this article I introduce and analyze some characteristic features of bilateral foreign aid negotiations, as compared to other types of negotiations between states. A first typical trait is the apparent asymmetry of power between the negotiating actors. According to bargaining theory, this would predict also an asymmetry of outcome. Such a conclusion is challenged, however, by other distinguishing features of aid negotiations. The normative asp…
National Culture and International Negotiations
Foreign Aid Negotiations
Activism and adaptation
Comparing observed Swedish security policy behavior to generally recognized models suggests that Sweden resorted to a variety of strategies in the 19th century, within the general position of nonalignment, in order to successfully avoid being drawn into war. Three phases are identified during the period examined, revealing a pendulum pattern in policy choices. The weak-state strategies employed by Sweden included quiescence, bandwagoning, balanci…
Do Images Matter
Sweden's decision to choose neutrality as its security policy orientation in the first half of the nineteenth century is explained with the help of image theory. It is argued that a theory focusing on the images of policy-makers regarding self, others and situation provides a better explanation of these strategic decisions than traditional balance-of-power theories. The important role of enemy-images is emphasized, as is the particular impact of …
Introduction
This Special Issue of the Journal of European Public Policy is devoted to a phenomenon that is pervasive in the European integration project: negotiation. It is apparent from a review of the literature on integration and policy-making in the European Union (EU) that a great deal of it deals more or less explicitly with the ways in which ‘inputs’ are mediated by forms of negotiation to result in ‘outputs’, and that understandings about negotiation…
Negotiation in the European Union
EU negotiations are characterized bythe coexistence of a bargaining and a problem-solving approach. The permanence of EU negotiations discourages tough bargaining behaviour, as does the prevalence of strong consensus norms. On the other hand, evidence exists of very confrontational behaviour that often leads to lowest common denominator solutions. We argue that the mode of negotiation to be found in the EU decision-making processes is contextuall…
Norm negotiations. The construction of new norms regarding gender and development in EU foreign aid policy
The aim of this article is to explain norm change regarding gender and development in the EU. I trace the policy process from initiation to implementation to clarify how new norms were introduced and spread. The article combines a constructivist approach to norm diffusion with a negotiation perspective. Constructivist accounts underline the role of norm entrepreneurs and how they persuade others to internalize new norms. Insufficient attention is…
Culture and International Mediation
Culture is undoubtedly one of the most significant aspects of identity, yet our understanding of the concept and particularly of its consequences for international conflict management is underdeveloped. In this article, we test the hypothesis that cultural differences between parties reflect diversity and contradictions, and that these differences compound the difficulties faced by conflicting parties in finding effective mediated outcomes. Sever…
Coalitions in European Union Negotiations
Coalitions will probably become an increasingly important theme in European Union (EU) politics. The spread of decision making by majority voting promotes coalition‐building behaviour. The impending enlargement is predicted to differentiate and polarize policy standpoints within the EU. Increasing levels of policy conflict imply increased propensities for coalition building. Still, the role and nature of coalitions in EU negotiations are obscure.…
Development and Democracy
How much is democracy dependent upon supportive economic and social conditions? This question, which has occupied political scientists and sociologists for almost half a century, has attracted special attention in the last ten years as more and more countries have engaged in efforts to democratise. This volume is the first collection to take stock of current literature and put it into context. This book highlights the principal new gains of knowl…
Evaluating the Swedish Presidency
Dull but Successful — the Swedish Presidency
Silencer or Amplifier? The European Union Presidency and the Nordic Countries
How did the three Nordic European Union member states approach their periods as holders of the European Union (EU) Council Presidency? Two radically different predictions about the impact of the Presidency on member state behaviour can be found in the literature. Some maintain that the position functions as an amplifier, strengthening the already existing tendency to propagate national concerns. Others argue that the Presidency functions as a sil…
Negotiating Transparency
On 30 May 2001, a new regulation on public access to EU documents was presented and was heralded in the European press as a breakthrough for transparency. We argue that a focus on institutions can cast light on the negotiation processes that led to this decision, and explain the final–for realist negotiation theory puzzling–outcome. We demonstrate the importance of institutions in EU negotiations by detailing actor interests and strategies in the…
The European Union's Roles in International Politics
status: Published
The Presidency
Using role theory as its analytical basis, this article delineates and analyses the specific characteristics of the Chair in the European Union (EU). The focus is thus on the EU Council Presidency and on how expectations surrounding the office impact upon its performance as administrator, agenda manager, broker, leader and representative. The EU's institutional design is marked by a rotating Presidency, by relatively short Presidency periods and …
Outsiders' Perceptions of the European Union in International Trade Negotiations
The question approached in this article is whether the almost unanimous picture, drawn by both academic observers and EU representatives, of the EU as a major power and leading actor in global trade negotiations, is also shared by ‘outsiders’. I describe and analyse how representatives of non‐EU Member States picture and evaluate the EU's role in the WTO and the strategies it uses to achieve its goals. Special attention is given to perceived cons…
The European Union as a Leader in International Multilateral Negotiations — a Problematic Aspiration
This article analyses the leadership role of the European Union (EU) in international multilateral negotiations. The purpose is to problematize the role of the EU as a multilateral leader by contrasting its self-images as an active initiator with other negotiating actors' perceptions of the Union. This is done by comparing the role conceptions presented by EU representatives with the images presented by delegates from non-member states in three d…
Imposed Coherence
Ensuring coherence in the European Union’s relations with other actors is no easy task and particularly difficult when several distinct policy areas are handled within one and the same international negotiation. Such was the case in the recently concluded negotiations on Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with regional groupings of Asian, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The aim of this article is to analyse the challenges facing the EU when …
Trade and aid? The negotiated construction of EU policy on economic partnership agreements
Trends in Development Aid, Negotiation Processes and NGO Policy Change
Non-governmental organizations (NGO) and government donor agencies (GDA) are often caught in a dilemma; an NGO between responsiveness to its target group(s), expectations of individual donors and demands of its GDA; GDA between its policy to respect NGO’s integrity, its wish to keep NGOs accountable for received fund and its operation within the bounds of its general policies. This dilemma is mirrored in the NGO–GDA negotiation for funds. Based o…
Still a green leader? The European Union’s role in international climate negotiations
Since the early 1990s, the European Union (EU) has presented itself as a leader on climate change. Recently, however, this picture has been challenged in the media and by non-governmental organization representatives. The aim of our article is to evaluate the Union’s present role in the area of international climate politics. We do this by scrutinizing the EU’s own role conception, but also, and primarily, by investigating the perceptions and exp…
Free to trade? Commission autonomy in the Economic Partnership Agreement negotiations
In this article, we suggest that the degree of (dis)unity - both between the member states (MS) in the Council and within the Commission - is a key factor in affecting the balance between Commission autonomy and MS control in international trade negotiations. We shed empirical light on this issue, and on the relative influence of MS and the Commission in general, through a case study of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) negotiations betwee…
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