Stephen P Luby
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1735260 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Stephen P Luby |
| NOMBRES | Stephen P |
| APELLIDO | Luby |
| FIRMA | LUBY S P |
| AFILIACIONES | Stanford University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5385-899X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 77 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 77 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1995 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Increased dengue transmission following highway paving in the Peruvian Amazon
Haemoglobin concentration thresholds that discriminate functional outcomes among children aged 6–30 months in eight countries
Introduction The WHO cut-offs to define anaemia among children (haemoglobin, Hb <105 g/L in 6–23 months and <110 g/L in 24–59 months) are based on the distribution of Hb concentrations in a healthy population. Our objective was to identify Hb values that best discriminate functional outcomes among children aged 6–30 months. Methods We used previously compiled datasets from an individual participant data meta-analysis of effects of small quantity …
Nipah virus destroyed my personal, family, and social life
BACKGROUND: Nipah virus (NiV) causes recurrent outbreaks in Bangladesh with high mortality and persistent health consequences among survivors. As outbreak detection and clinical management improve, the number of survivors is likely to increase, creating an urgent need for long-term clinical, psychosocial, and rehabilitation support. OBJECTIVE: To explore the lived experience of NiV survivors in Bangladesh and how physical, psychological, social, …
Videography of pathways for enteric pathogen exposure among children in urban informal settlements in Fiji and Indonesia
Children in urban informal settlements are vulnerable to enteric pathogen exposures due to inadequate availability of clean water, sanitation, and wastewater treatment. These exposures can contribute to diarrhea, malabsorption, and poor growth. Understanding how children interact with their environments – particularly through mouthing behaviors – can help identify high-risk environmental sources, exposure pathways, and opportunities for intervent…
Evaluation of a multicomponent child development intervention delivered through the government health system
INTRODUCTION: Small efficacy trials have demonstrated that multicomponent interventions can improve early child development. We evaluated the large-scale delivery of a multicomponent intervention delivered by government health workers throughout a rural subdistrict in northwestern Bangladesh. METHODS: We evaluated a group-based, multicomponent intervention with a curriculum covering responsive parenting, caregivers' mental health, lead exposure p…
Associations between weather extremes and faecal contamination along pathogen transmission pathways in rural Bangladeshi households
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institutes of Health, World Bank
Adolescent psychological health, temporal discounting, and climate distress under increased flood exposure in Bangladesh
Air pollution mortality from India’s coal power plants
Air pollution from coal-fired electricity generation is an important cause of premature mortality in India. Although pollution-related mortality from the sector has been extensively studied, the relative contribution of individual coal-fired units to the fleet-wide mortality burden remains unclear. Here, we find that emissions from a small number of units drive overall mortality. Units producing just 3.5% of total generation and constituting less…
Building blocks of change
The brick manufacturing industry in Bangladesh is characterized by informal inefficient coal-burning kilns that emit substantial greenhouse gases and air pollution. Despite decades of regulatory measures and the promotion of advanced kiln technologies, informal kilns persist. We employed a multiphase, interdisciplinary, mixed-methods approach to identify solutions. In this paper, we first summarize past approaches and discuss the key barriers we …
Human Exposure to Bats, Rodents and Monkeys in Bangladesh
The lasting influence of Ebola
The majority of disease transmission during the 2014-16 West Africa Ebola epidemic was driven by community-based behaviors that proved difficult to change in a social paradigm of misinformation, denial, and deep-seated distrust of government representatives and institutions. In Liberia, perceptions and beliefs about Ebola during and since the epidemic can provide insights useful to public health strategies aimed at improving community preparednes…
Health consequences of small-scale industrial pollution
Coal-fired brick kilns have spread rapidly in Bangladesh, where they are one of the largest sources of air pollution. The adverse health impacts of air pollution have been widely documented, yet there is little empirical evidence on the externalities of this important industry. We conducted a field study in Bangladesh to quantify the contribution of brick kilns to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and estimate the association with child asthma symp…
Impact of community masking on Covid-19
Persuading people to mask Even in places where it is obligatory, people tend to optimistically overstate their compliance for mask wearing. How then can we persuade more of the population at large to act for the greater good? Abaluck et al . undertook a large, cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh involving hundreds of thousands of people (although mostly men) over a 2-month period. Colored masks of various construction were handed out free of c…
Measuring Water Quantity Used for Personal and Domestic Hygiene and Determinants of Water Use in a Low-Income Urban Community
There is a paucity of recent research on direct water quantity measurement for personal and domestic hygiene. We aimed to measure the water quantity used for personal and domestic hygiene and to explore the reasons and determinants for variation of water usage. We conducted this study from September 2014 to June 2016 in a low-income urban community in Dhaka. In 12 households, the team conducted a day-long bimonthly ethnographic observation for on…
Evaluation of a menstrual hygiene intervention in urban and rural schools in Bangladesh
Girls' menstrual experiences impact their social and educational participation, physical and psychological health. We conducted a pilot study to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a multi-component intervention intended to support menstruating girls; improve menstrual care knowledge, practices, and comfort; and increase school attendance.We conducted a pre/post evaluation of a 6-month pilot intervention in four schools (2 urban, 2 rural)…
Preventive small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements reduce severe wasting and severe stunting among young children
Including SQ-LNSs in preventive interventions to promote healthy child growth and development is likely to reduce rates of severe wasting and stunting. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42019146592.
A holistic approach to promoting early child development
INTRODUCTION: In low- and middle-income countries, children experience multiple risks for delayed development. We evaluated a multicomponent, group-based early child development intervention including behavioural recommendations on responsive stimulation, nutrition, water, sanitation, hygiene, mental health and lead exposure prevention. METHODS: We conducted a 9-month, parallel, multiarm, cluster-randomised controlled trial in 31 rural villages i…
Addressing Climate Change and Its Effects on Human Health
Human health is increasingly threatened by rapid and widespread changes in the environment and climate, including rising temperatures, air and water pollution, disease vector migration, floods, and droughts. In the United States, many medical schools, the American Medical Association, and the National Academy of Sciences have published calls for physicians and physicians-in-training to develop a basic knowledge of the science of climate change an…
Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on caregiver mental health and the child caregiving environment in a low-resource, rural context
Early child development has been influenced directly and indirectly by the COVID-19 pandemic, and these effects are exacerbated in contexts of poverty. This study estimates effects of the pandemic and subsequent population lockdowns on mental health, caregiving practices, and freedom of movement among female caregivers of children 6–27 months (50% female), in rural Bangladesh. A cohort (N = 517) was assessed before and during the pandemic (May–Ju…
Teachers’ perspective on implementation of menstrual hygiene management and puberty education in a pilot study in Bangladeshi schools
OBJECTIVE: To assess the perspectives of Bangladeshi teachers on the feasibility of delivery and potential for long-term sustainability of puberty and menstruation education in urban and rural schools. METHOD: We developed a multi-module puberty and menstrual hygiene management education curriculum that teachers piloted for six months in four urban and rural government and private schools in Bangladesh. We conducted monthly assessments during pil…
Seasonality of Date Palm Sap Feeding Behavior by Bats in Bangladesh
Barriers and Opportunities for Sustainable Hand Hygiene Interventions in Rural Liberian Hospitals
Hand hygiene is central to hospital infection control. During the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease epidemic in Liberia, gaps in hand hygiene infrastructure and health worker training contributed to hospital-based Ebola transmission. Hand hygiene interventions were undertaken post-Ebola, but many improvements were not sustainable. This study characterizes barriers to, and facilitators of, hand hygiene in rural Liberian hospitals and evalu…
Success Factors for Community Health Workers in Implementing an Integrated Group-Based Child Development Intervention in Rural Bangladesh
Community Health Workers (CHWs) can effectively implement maternal and child health interventions, but there is paucity of evidence on how to integrate child stimulation into these interventions, and their delivery at scale. In rural Bangladesh, CHWs implemented an intervention integrating psychosocial stimulation, nutrition, maternal mental health, water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and lead exposure prevention. In each of 16 intervention village…
The Lived Experiences of Community Health Workers Serving in a Large-Scale Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Intervention Trial in Rural Bangladesh
Community health workers (CHWs) are key to implementing community-based health interventions and quality can be enhanced by better understanding their lived experiences. The WASH Benefits, Bangladesh trial engaged 540 female CHWs to promote varying health intervention packages. We report on factors influencing their lived experiences during the trial, to aid future recruitment, training and retention of CHWs. Nine focus groups and 18 in-depth int…
Formative Research to Design a Child-Friendly Latrine in Bangladesh
In low- and middle-income countries, most latrines are not accessible to young children. We explored how to modify existing pit latrines to make them child friendly. We conducted four focus group discussions with mothers to explore barriers to child latrine use. We then enrolled 20 households with a child aged 3-7 years old to test six enabling technologies developed based on the identified barriers. Two to three weeks after installing the select…
Characteristics that modify the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation on child growth
Interim evaluation of a large scale sanitation, hygiene and water improvement programme on childhood diarrhea and respiratory disease in rural Bangladesh
Preventive small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements reduce severe wasting and severe stunting among young children
Including SQ-LNSs in preventive interventions to promote healthy child growth and development is likely to reduce rates of severe wasting and stunting. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42019146592.
The Prevalence and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Maternal Distress in a Community of Low-Income Bangladeshi and Displaced Ethnic Bihari Mothers
Low-income, ethnic, and/or displaced mothers are frequently victimized; we explored the burden of intimate partner violence (IPV) among such women. Teams administered IPV and maternal distress questionnaires to quantify victimization after the birth of a child. Of 250 mothers reporting abuse, 133 (53%) reported their husband hitting; 111 (44%) kicking, dragging, or beating; 61 (24%) choking or burning; and 33 (13%) injuring them with a knife or g…
Health consequences of small-scale industrial pollution
Coal-fired brick kilns have spread rapidly in Bangladesh, where they are one of the largest sources of air pollution. The adverse health impacts of air pollution have been widely documented, yet there is little empirical evidence on the externalities of this important industry. We conducted a field study in Bangladesh to quantify the contribution of brick kilns to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and estimate the association with child asthma symp…
Nudging to use
Verbal autopsy in Karachi slums
Background: Children dying in developing countries often have more than one serious disease process. Identifying the single most important is difficult and risks omitting valuable information. We report patterns of childhood death in Karachi slums comparing single and multiple cause analysis. Methods: The Aga Khan University has developed primary health care programmes in Karachi slums where community health workers maintain monthly surveillance …
Does Use of a Government Service depend on Distance from the Health Facility
To reduce mortality from common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea and upper respiratory infections, it is important that health services are available and used appropriately. Physical accessibility to a health facility may influence its use, particularly in rural areas. We assessed whether use of government services for treatment of the three most common acute childhood illnesses (fever, diarrhoea and upper respiratory infections) was influen…
Displacing fishmeal with protein derived from stranded methane
Verbal autopsy in Karachi slums
Background: Children dying in developing countries often have more than one serious disease process. Identifying the single most important is difficult and risks omitting valuable information. We report patterns of childhood death in Karachi slums comparing single and multiple cause analysis. Methods: The Aga Khan University has developed primary health care programmes in Karachi slums where community health workers maintain monthly surveillance …
Does Use of a Government Service depend on Distance from the Health Facility
To reduce mortality from common childhood illnesses such as diarrhoea and upper respiratory infections, it is important that health services are available and used appropriately. Physical accessibility to a health facility may influence its use, particularly in rural areas. We assessed whether use of government services for treatment of the three most common acute childhood illnesses (fever, diarrhoea and upper respiratory infections) was influen…
Effect of handwashing on child health
Date Palm Sap Collection
Use of Infrared Camera to Understand Bats’ Access to Date Palm Sap
Determinants of Use of Household-level Water Chlorination Products in Rural Kenya, 2003–2005
Household-level water treatment products provide safe drinking water to at-risk populations, but relatively few people use them regularly; little is known about factors that influence uptake of this proven health intervention. We assessed uptake of these water treatments in Nyanza Province, Kenya, November 2003-February 2005. We interviewed users and non-user controls of a new household water treatment product regarding drinking water and socioec…
Observed hand cleanliness and other measures of handwashing behavior in rural Bangladesh
A minority of rural Bangladeshi residents washed both hands with soap at key handwashing times, though rinsing hands with only water was more common. To realize the health benefits of handwashing, efforts to improve handwashing in these communities should target adding soap to current hand rinsing practices
Coping strategies for financial burdens in families with childhood pneumonia in Bangladesh
Coping strategies adopted by the families to manage the out-of-pocket expenditure for children requiring hospitalization were catastrophic for the majority of the families. Efforts to prevent childhood pneumonia for example, by vaccination against the most common pathogens, by improving air quality and by improving childhood nutrition can provide a double advantage. They can prevent both disease and poverty
Understanding community perceptions, social norms and current practice related to respiratory infection in Bangladesh during 2009
Community perceptions of respiratory infections include both concerns with imbalances between hot and cold, and with person-to-person transmission. Many people were aware of measures that could prevent respiratory infection, but did not practice them. Interventions that leverage community understanding of person-to-person transmission and that encourage the practice of their identified 'good behaviors' related to respiratory hygiene may reduce re…
Estimating the Burden of Maternal and Neonatal Deaths Associated With Jaundice in Bangladesh
Objectives. We estimated the population-based incidence of maternal and neonatal mortality associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Bangladesh. Methods. We analyzed verbal autopsy data from 4 population-based studies in Bangladesh to calculate the maternal and neonatal mortality ratios associated with jaundice during pregnancy. We then reviewed the published literature to estimate the proportion of maternal deaths associated with liver disease …
Interim evaluation of a large scale sanitation, hygiene and water improvement programme on childhood diarrhea and respiratory disease in rural Bangladesh
The Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
Piloting the use of indigenous methods to prevent Nipah virus infection by interrupting bats' access to date palm sap in Bangladesh
People in Bangladesh frequently drink fresh date palm sap. Fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus) also drink raw sap and may contaminate the sap by shedding Nipah virus through saliva and urine. In a previous study we identified two indigenous methods to prevent bats accessing the sap, bamboo skirts and lime (calcium carbonate). We conducted a pilot study to assess the acceptability of these two methods among sap harvesters. We used interactive communit…
Isolation of Salmonella Virchow from a Fruit Bat (Pteropus giganteus)
Impact of duration of structured observations on measurement of handwashing behavior at critical times
Decreasing the duration of handwashing significantly reduced the observation of critical events of interest to evaluators of handwashing programs. Researchers seeking to measure observed handwashing behavior should continue with prolonged duration of structured observation. Future research should develop and evaluate novel models to reduce reactivity to observation and improve the measurement of handwashing behavior
Designing a handwashing station for infrastructure-restricted communities in Bangladesh using the integrated behavioural model for water, sanitation and hygiene interventions (IBM-Wash)
A number of contextual, psychosocial and technological factors influence use of handwashing stations at five aggregate levels, from habitual to societal. In interventions that require a handwashing station to facilitate frequent handwashing with soap, elements of the technology, such as capacity, durability and location(s) within the household are key to high feasibility and acceptability. More than one handwashing station per household may be re…
Poultry Slaughtering Practices in Rural Communities of Bangladesh and Risk of Avian Influenza Transmission
The Prevalence and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Maternal Distress in a Community of Low-Income Bangladeshi and Displaced Ethnic Bihari Mothers
Low-income, ethnic, and/or displaced mothers are frequently victimized; we explored the burden of intimate partner violence (IPV) among such women. Teams administered IPV and maternal distress questionnaires to quantify victimization after the birth of a child. Of 250 mothers reporting abuse, 133 (53%) reported their husband hitting; 111 (44%) kicking, dragging, or beating; 61 (24%) choking or burning; and 33 (13%) injuring them with a knife or g…
Nudging to use
Serological Evidence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Cattle and Goats in Bangladesh
Cultural and Economic Motivation of Pig Raising Practices in Bangladesh
Increased Morbidity and Mortality in Domestic Animals Eating Dropped and Bitten Fruit in Bangladeshi Villages
Investigating Rare Risk Factors for Nipah Virus in Bangladesh
Hand- and Object-Mouthing of Rural Bangladeshi Children 3–18 Months Old
Children are exposed to environmental contaminants by placing contaminated hands or objects in their mouths. We quantified hand- and object-mouthing frequencies of Bangladeshi children and determined if they differ from those of U.S. children to evaluate the appropriateness of applying U.S. exposure models in other socio-cultural contexts. We conducted a five-hour structured observation of the mouthing behaviors of 148 rural Bangladeshi children …
It’s not only what you say, it’s also how you say it
During outbreaks, one-way behaviour change communication without meaningful causal explanations is unlikely to be effective. Based on the cultural context, interactive communication strategies in lay language with supporting evidence can make biomedical prevention messages credible in affected communities, even among those who initially invoke supernatural causal explanations
Medicine (63 obras) · Environmental health (54 obras) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (34 obras) · Nursing (25 obras) · Hygiene (19 obras) · Sanitation (19 obras) · Biology (18 obras) · Public health (18 obras) · Global Maternal and Child Health (16 obras) · Ecology (15 obras)