John Powles
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1735525 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John Powles |
| NOMBRES | John |
| APELLIDO | Powles |
| FIRMA | POWLES J |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0766-7989 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 22 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 5 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 22 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1972 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2016 |
| ÍNDICE H | 1 |
Impact of Dietary and Metabolic Risk Factors on Cardiovascular and Diabetes Mortality in South Asia
Objectives. To quantify cardiovascular disease and diabetes deaths attributable to dietary and metabolic risks by country, age, sex, and time in South Asian countries. Methods. We used the 2010 Global Burden of Disease national surveys to characterize risk factor levels by age and sex. We derived etiological effects of risk factors–disease endpoints, by age, from meta-analyses. We defined optimal levels. We combined these inputs with cause-specif…
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013
Dietary quality among men and women in 187 countries in 1990 and 2010
BACKGROUND: Healthy dietary patterns are a global priority to reduce non-communicable diseases. Yet neither worldwide patterns of diets nor their trends with time are well established. We aimed to characterise global changes (or trends) in dietary patterns nationally and regionally and to assess heterogeneity by age, sex, national income, and type of dietary pattern. METHODS: In this systematic assessment, we evaluated global consumption of key d…
Global Sodium Consumption and Death from Cardiovascular Causes
BACKGROUND: High sodium intake increases blood pressure, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the effects of sodium intake on global cardiovascular mortality are uncertain. METHODS: We collected data from surveys on sodium intake as determined by urinary excretion and diet in persons from 66 countries (accounting for 74.1% of adults throughout the world), and we used these data to quantify the global consumption of sodium according to ag…
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010
Perceived challenges to public health in Central and Eastern Europe
To reduce the burden of disease across Europe, closer collaboration of countries across Europe seems important in order to learn from each other. A more credible scientific basis for effective public health interventions is urgently needed. The monitoring of health trends is crucial to evaluate the impact of public health programmes
Why choice of metric matters in public health analyses
Time-based metrics (such as life years) are generally preferable because they direct attention to the changes in the natural history of disease that are produced by changes in key health determinants. The life-years attached to each death averted will also weight deaths in a way that better reflects social preferences
O5-3.3 Global burdens of chronic disease attributable to suboptimal dietary habits
Introduction Little quantitative data are available on the global impact of diet on chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Methods We used a comparative risk assessment framework to develop systematic and comparable methods to establish for selected dietary risk factors the effect sizes of probable or convincing causal diet-disease relationships; the alternative minimum risk exposure distribution; and the…
O5-3.4 Disease burdens attributable to higher than optimal sodium intakes
Introduction Global burdens of cardiovascular disease are increasing as populations age. Salt contributes to vascular risk by increasing blood pressure but there have been no reported estimates of its contribution to global and regional disease burdens. Methods Using a comparative risk assessment framework we identified effects of salt on intermediate (systolic blood pressure (SBP)) and disease (stomach cancer (SC)) outcomes that met the WHO crit…
Adherence and chemoprevention in major cardiovascular disease
BACKGROUND: In everyday practice, adherence to preventive medication for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is lower than in clinical trials and appears to decline to approximately 50% by about 5 years. The UK body for the evaluation of health technologies, NICE, currently recommends that persons with a >20% 10-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease receive statins. METHODS: Publications on adherence to statin medication in clinical trials and in…
Choosing metrics in public health assessments
the ''drift''. Our predictions are that stroke deaths are likely to continue to decrease up to at least 2015. For 2015, our predictions of deaths from stroke varied from 34 429 to 46 538 (compared with 47 213 deaths in 2005) under the different plausible model scenarios. We also noted that there were some potentially interesting trends in mortality amongst recent birth cohorts. In particular, mortality was higher in older age groups, but the diff…
Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health
Informal knowledge transfer in the period before formal health education programmes
Presumptively receptive audiences responded rapidly to new knowledge on how changes in personal behaviour might reduce risk, even though the 'signals' were not strong and were transmitted, at least partly, through informal and 'horizontal' channels. Advances in knowledge with the potential to prevent disease by behaviour change may thus yield substantial health benefits even without the mediation of formal education campaigns ('interventions'). F…
The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic differentials in mortality
Objective: To assess the contribution of smoking to the inverse association of mortality with years of formal education in men in Australia. Design: Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study that included 17 049 men in Melbourne recruited from 1990 to 1994, most of whom were aged between 40 and 69 years at baseline. The outcome measured was all-cause mortality. The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic status differentials was estimat…
The contribution of leading diseases and risk factors to excess losses of healthy life in eastern Europe
The main requirements for reducing excess health losses in the east of Europe are: 1) favorable shifts in all amenable vascular risk factors (irrespective of their current levels) by population-wide and personal measures; 2) intensified tobacco control; 3) reduced alcohol consumption and injury control strategies (for example, for road traffic injuries). Cost effective strategies are broadly known but local institutional support for them needs st…
Stroke in urban and rural populations in north-east Bulgaria
Rural incidence rates were over twice those reported for western populations but the rate for urban females was similar to other western rates. The high level and marked heterogeneity in both stroke incidence and case fatality merit further investigation
Fruit and vegetables, and cardiovascular disease
BACKGROUND: Increased interest in the potential cardio-protective effects of fruit and vegetables is currently unsupported by systematic reviews of the reported associations of these foods with risk. METHOD: All ecological, case-control, cohort studies and unconfounded trials in humans were eligible for inclusion. Eligible outcomes were symptomatic coronary heart disease, stroke and total circulatory disease. Only studies of diet that reported on…
Research Strategies for Health. Based on the Technical Discussions at the 43rd World Health Assembly on the `Role of Health Research in the Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000
Methods for epidemiological surveys of ethnic minorities SIR -The article by Chaturvedi and Mc- Keigue' fails to mention the danger of relying on the 1991 UK census as an accurate es- timate of ethnic minority populations. Both Ballard and Kalra,2 in their discussion of the census nationally, and Glover,3 in his figures for the London areas of Camberwell and Hammersmith, point out the huge under- representation of black Caribbean men aged 25 to 4…
Changes in disease patterns and related social trends
Health, lifestyle and environment
Victoria's food and nutrition policy
Victoria's food and nutrition policy Get access JOHN POWLES JOHN POWLES Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Monash Medical SchoolPrahran, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health Promotion International, Volume 2, Issue 3, 1987, Pages 239–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/2.3.239 Published: 01 September 1987
Contraception and sexual life. A therapeutic approach
The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic differentials in mortality
Objective: To assess the contribution of smoking to the inverse association of mortality with years of formal education in men in Australia. Design: Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study that included 17 049 men in Melbourne recruited from 1990 to 1994, most of whom were aged between 40 and 69 years at baseline. The outcome measured was all-cause mortality. The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic status differentials was estimat…
Contraception and sexual life. A therapeutic approach
Victoria's food and nutrition policy
Victoria's food and nutrition policy Get access JOHN POWLES JOHN POWLES Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Monash Medical SchoolPrahran, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health Promotion International, Volume 2, Issue 3, 1987, Pages 239–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/2.3.239 Published: 01 September 1987
Changes in disease patterns and related social trends
Health, lifestyle and environment
Research Strategies for Health. Based on the Technical Discussions at the 43rd World Health Assembly on the `Role of Health Research in the Strategy for Health for All by the Year 2000
Methods for epidemiological surveys of ethnic minorities SIR -The article by Chaturvedi and Mc- Keigue' fails to mention the danger of relying on the 1991 UK census as an accurate es- timate of ethnic minority populations. Both Ballard and Kalra,2 in their discussion of the census nationally, and Glover,3 in his figures for the London areas of Camberwell and Hammersmith, point out the huge under- representation of black Caribbean men aged 25 to 4…
Fruit and vegetables, and cardiovascular disease
BACKGROUND: Increased interest in the potential cardio-protective effects of fruit and vegetables is currently unsupported by systematic reviews of the reported associations of these foods with risk. METHOD: All ecological, case-control, cohort studies and unconfounded trials in humans were eligible for inclusion. Eligible outcomes were symptomatic coronary heart disease, stroke and total circulatory disease. Only studies of diet that reported on…
Stroke in urban and rural populations in north-east Bulgaria
Rural incidence rates were over twice those reported for western populations but the rate for urban females was similar to other western rates. The high level and marked heterogeneity in both stroke incidence and case fatality merit further investigation
The contribution of leading diseases and risk factors to excess losses of healthy life in eastern Europe
The main requirements for reducing excess health losses in the east of Europe are: 1) favorable shifts in all amenable vascular risk factors (irrespective of their current levels) by population-wide and personal measures; 2) intensified tobacco control; 3) reduced alcohol consumption and injury control strategies (for example, for road traffic injuries). Cost effective strategies are broadly known but local institutional support for them needs st…
The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic differentials in mortality
Objective: To assess the contribution of smoking to the inverse association of mortality with years of formal education in men in Australia. Design: Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study that included 17 049 men in Melbourne recruited from 1990 to 1994, most of whom were aged between 40 and 69 years at baseline. The outcome measured was all-cause mortality. The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic status differentials was estimat…
Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health
Informal knowledge transfer in the period before formal health education programmes
Presumptively receptive audiences responded rapidly to new knowledge on how changes in personal behaviour might reduce risk, even though the 'signals' were not strong and were transmitted, at least partly, through informal and 'horizontal' channels. Advances in knowledge with the potential to prevent disease by behaviour change may thus yield substantial health benefits even without the mediation of formal education campaigns ('interventions'). F…
Choosing metrics in public health assessments
the ''drift''. Our predictions are that stroke deaths are likely to continue to decrease up to at least 2015. For 2015, our predictions of deaths from stroke varied from 34 429 to 46 538 (compared with 47 213 deaths in 2005) under the different plausible model scenarios. We also noted that there were some potentially interesting trends in mortality amongst recent birth cohorts. In particular, mortality was higher in older age groups, but the diff…
Adherence and chemoprevention in major cardiovascular disease
BACKGROUND: In everyday practice, adherence to preventive medication for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is lower than in clinical trials and appears to decline to approximately 50% by about 5 years. The UK body for the evaluation of health technologies, NICE, currently recommends that persons with a >20% 10-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease receive statins. METHODS: Publications on adherence to statin medication in clinical trials and in…
O5-3.3 Global burdens of chronic disease attributable to suboptimal dietary habits
Introduction Little quantitative data are available on the global impact of diet on chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Methods We used a comparative risk assessment framework to develop systematic and comparable methods to establish for selected dietary risk factors the effect sizes of probable or convincing causal diet-disease relationships; the alternative minimum risk exposure distribution; and the…
O5-3.4 Disease burdens attributable to higher than optimal sodium intakes
Introduction Global burdens of cardiovascular disease are increasing as populations age. Salt contributes to vascular risk by increasing blood pressure but there have been no reported estimates of its contribution to global and regional disease burdens. Methods Using a comparative risk assessment framework we identified effects of salt on intermediate (systolic blood pressure (SBP)) and disease (stomach cancer (SC)) outcomes that met the WHO crit…
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010
Perceived challenges to public health in Central and Eastern Europe
To reduce the burden of disease across Europe, closer collaboration of countries across Europe seems important in order to learn from each other. A more credible scientific basis for effective public health interventions is urgently needed. The monitoring of health trends is crucial to evaluate the impact of public health programmes
Why choice of metric matters in public health analyses
Time-based metrics (such as life years) are generally preferable because they direct attention to the changes in the natural history of disease that are produced by changes in key health determinants. The life-years attached to each death averted will also weight deaths in a way that better reflects social preferences
Global Sodium Consumption and Death from Cardiovascular Causes
BACKGROUND: High sodium intake increases blood pressure, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the effects of sodium intake on global cardiovascular mortality are uncertain. METHODS: We collected data from surveys on sodium intake as determined by urinary excretion and diet in persons from 66 countries (accounting for 74.1% of adults throughout the world), and we used these data to quantify the global consumption of sodium according to ag…
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013
Dietary quality among men and women in 187 countries in 1990 and 2010
BACKGROUND: Healthy dietary patterns are a global priority to reduce non-communicable diseases. Yet neither worldwide patterns of diets nor their trends with time are well established. We aimed to characterise global changes (or trends) in dietary patterns nationally and regionally and to assess heterogeneity by age, sex, national income, and type of dietary pattern. METHODS: In this systematic assessment, we evaluated global consumption of key d…
Impact of Dietary and Metabolic Risk Factors on Cardiovascular and Diabetes Mortality in South Asia
Objectives. To quantify cardiovascular disease and diabetes deaths attributable to dietary and metabolic risks by country, age, sex, and time in South Asian countries. Methods. We used the 2010 Global Burden of Disease national surveys to characterize risk factor levels by age and sex. We derived etiological effects of risk factors–disease endpoints, by age, from meta-analyses. We defined optimal levels. We combined these inputs with cause-specif…
Medicine (22 obras) · Environmental health (16 obras) · Disease (11 obras) · Demography (10 obras) · Public health (10 obras) · Internal Medicine (8 obras) · Population (8 obras) · Gerontology (7 obras) · Internal Medicine (7 obras) · Biostatistics (5 obras)