L D Howe
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1740665 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | L D Howe |
| NOMBRES | L D |
| APELLIDO | Howe |
| FIRMA | HOWE L D |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Bristol |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3357-2796 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 44 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 44 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1998 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Intergenerational educational mobility and mental health
Evidence suggests that associations between educational attainment and mental health may vary according to educational mobility (i.e., changes in educational attainment across generations). This evidence is largely limited to high-income countries. Using data from an ongoing birth cohort (Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey), we assessed the associations with mental health for both own educational attainment and intergenerational educat…
Early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories contribute to inequalities in adult diet quality, independent of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position
BACKGROUND: Diet is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and shows well-established socioeconomic patterning among adults. However, less clear is how socioeconomic inequalities in diet develop across the life course. This study assessed the associations of early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories (SETs) with adult diet quality, adjusting for childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and testing for mediation by adulthood SEP. METHOD…
Assessing the impact of paternal emigration on children ‘left-behind’—A cohort analysis
The socioeconomic trajectories followed during early adulthood contribute to inequalities in cardiometabolic health by age 24 years
The newly identified 'Part-time Employment' trajectory showed the least healthy cardiometabolic profile. Further research should focus on this group to understand the exposures contributing to poor cardiometabolic health in this sector of the population
Does maternal education moderate the relationship between adolescent cannabis use and mental health in early adulthood
The relationship between type, timing and duration of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and adolescent self‐harm and depression
BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-established risk factors for self-harm and depression. However, despite their high comorbidity, there has been little focus on the impact of developmental timing and the duration of exposure to ACEs on co-occurring self-harm and depression. METHODS: Data were utilised from over 22,000 children and adolescents participating in three UK cohorts, followed up longitudinally for 14-18 years: th…
Social inequalities in child mental health trajectories
Social inequalities in internalising and externalising problems were evident across a range of EU countries, with inequalities emerging early and generally persisting throughout childhood
Early-life socioeconomic circumstances and the comorbidity of depression and overweight in adolescence and young adulthood
Depression and overweight both often emerge early in life and have been found to be associated, but few studies examine depression-overweight comorbidity and its social patterning early in the life course. Drawing on data from 4,948 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort from the UK (2,798 female, 2,150 male), we investigated how different aspects of early-life socioeconomic circumstances are ass…
Educational inequality in multimorbidity
Education, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption are intervenable causal risk factors for multimorbidity. Furthermore, BMI and lifetime smoking make a considerable contribution to the generation of educational inequalities in multimorbidity. Public health interventions that improve population-wide levels of these risk factors are likely to reduce multimorbidity and inequalities in its occurrence
Time-sensitive testing pressures and Covid-19 outcomes
The association between SEP and SARS-CoV-2 testing changed over time, highlighting the potential of time-specific selection pressures to bias analyses of COVID-19. Positive and negative control analyses suggest that changes in the association between SEP and SARS-CoV-2 infection over time likely reflect true increases in socioeconomic inequalities
Socioeconomic position and adverse childhood experiences as risk factors for health-related behaviour change and employment adversity during the Covid-19 pandemic
In this sample of young adults, there was little evidence that lockdown worsened inequalities in health-related behaviours. However, adverse financial and employment consequences of lockdown were more likely to be experienced by people who have already experienced socioeconomic deprivation or childhood adversity, thereby widening social inequalities and demonstrating the need for support into adulthood for those with a history of ACEs
Being silenced, loneliness and being heard
It is likely that negative labelling and loneliness mediate pathways to IPVA, especially among more disadvantaged young women. The impact of early maltreatment on young people's wellbeing and own relationships is compounded by disadvantage, disability and ethnicity. Participants' resilience was enabled by support in the community
Links between obesity, weight stigma and learning in adolescence
Action to combat weight stigma, both within schools and in wider society, is urgently required to help address these educational disparities that in turn can impact health in later life
Continuing inequalities in Covid-19 mortality in England and Wales, and the changing importance of regional, over local, deprivation
Effects of depression on employment and social outcomes
BACKGROUND: Depression is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. However, whether and how depression exerts a causal effect on employment remains unclear. We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to investigate whether depression affects employment and related outcomes in the UK Biobank dataset. METHODS: We selected 227 242 working-age participants (40-64 in men, 40-59 years for women) of white British ethnicity/ancestry with suitable genetic da…
A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health
Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene–environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associ…
Is being a 'left-behind' child associated with an increased risk of self-poisoning in adulthood? Findings from a case–control study in Sri Lanka
PURPOSE: The long-term consequences of parental emigration on offspring self-harm risk is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the association between experiencing parental emigration in childhood with hospital presentations for self-poisoning in adulthood using a hospital case-control study. Cases were adult self-poisoning patients (≥18 year olds) admitted to the medical toxicology ward Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Sex and age frequency…
Interrogating structural inequalities in Covid-19 mortality in England and Wales
BACKGROUND: Numerous observational studies have highlighted structural inequalities in COVID-19 mortality in the UK. Such studies often fail to consider the hierarchical, spatial nature of such inequalities in their analysis, leading to the potential for bias and an inability to reach conclusions about the most appropriate structural levels for policy intervention. METHODS: We use publicly available population data on COVID-19-related mortality a…
Early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories contribute to inequalities in adult cardiovascular health, independently of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular health shows significant socioeconomic inequalities, however there is little understanding of the role of early adulthood in generation of these inequalities. We assessed the contribution of socioeconomic trajectories during early adulthood (16-24 years) to cardiovascular health in mid-adulthood (46 years). METHODS: Participants from the 1970 British Cohort Study with socioeconomic data available in early adulthood were…
Adiposity, depression and anxiety
OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between adiposity, major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and to assess the role of inflammation, diet quality and physical activity in this association. METHODS: We used data from 2,977 individuals from the 1993 Pelotas Cohort (Brazil) who attended the 18- and 22-year follow-ups. We assessed general obesity using body mass index, fat mass index, and abdominal obesity using waist circumf…
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Physical Activity Patterns Maximizing Fitness and Minimizing Fatness Variation in Malaysian Adolescents
Patterns of physical activity (PA) that optimize both fitness and fatness may better predict cardiometabolic health. Reduced rank regression (RRR) was applied to identify combinations of the type (e.g., football vs. skipping), location and timing of activity, explaining variation in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Multivariable regressions estimated longitudinal associations of PA pattern scores with cardiometabolic hea…
Childhood psychosocial adversity and female reproductive timing
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of childhood psychosocial adversity and age at menarche mostly evaluated single or a few measures of adversity, and therefore could not quantify total psychosocial adversity. Limited knowledge is currently available regarding childhood psychosocial adversity in relation to age at menopause and reproductive lifespan. METHODS: We examined the associations of total and specific components of childhood psychosocial advers…
Frailty in older-age European migrants
Prospective associations of psychosocial adversity in childhood with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood
We found no evidence that exposure to greater psychosocial adversity, or specific forms of psychosocial adversity during childhood is associated with adult CVD risk factors. Further large population studies are needed to clarify whether parental death is associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Modeling Exposure to Multiple Childhood Social Risk Factors and Physical Capability and Common Affective Symptoms in Later Life
The cumulative social risk approach and the use of factor analysis to identify contexts of social risk, may offer viable methods for linking multiple childhood social risk exposure to aging outcomes
Socioeconomic differences in childhood growth trajectories
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differentials in adult height are frequently observed, but the age at which these inequalities emerge and the patterns they follow through childhood are unknown. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), height trajectories from birth to 10 years (N=12366) were modelled. Individual trajectories were estimated using mixed-effects models. Differences in trajectories…
Subjective measures of socio-economic position and the wealth index
INTRODUCTION: The wealth index is a commonly-used measure of socio-economic position (SEP) in low- and middle-income settings, but there is concern that it is strongly influenced by community-level as well as household-level factors. Subjective SEP indicators are infrequently used in health research. METHODS: We use data from 11 280 households included in the Malawi Integrated Household Survey 2004/5. We compare the wealth index with four subject…
Early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories contribute to inequalities in adult cardiovascular health, independently of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular health shows significant socioeconomic inequalities, however there is little understanding of the role of early adulthood in generation of these inequalities. We assessed the contribution of socioeconomic trajectories during early adulthood (16-24 years) to cardiovascular health in mid-adulthood (46 years). METHODS: Participants from the 1970 British Cohort Study with socioeconomic data available in early adulthood were…
Frailty in older-age European migrants
Trajectories of socioeconomic inequalities in health, behaviours and academic achievement across childhood and adolescence
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities are a key policy challenge. Studies to date have not taken a unified approach to assess how socioeconomic inequalities in health, behaviour and educational attainment change as children age. METHODS: We examined maternal education inequalities in multiple offspring health, behavioural and educational outcomes and how these changed across childhood and adolescence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and…
Early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories contribute to inequalities in adult diet quality, independent of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position
BACKGROUND: Diet is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and shows well-established socioeconomic patterning among adults. However, less clear is how socioeconomic inequalities in diet develop across the life course. This study assessed the associations of early adulthood socioeconomic trajectories (SETs) with adult diet quality, adjusting for childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and testing for mediation by adulthood SEP. METHOD…
Effects of depression on employment and social outcomes
BACKGROUND: Depression is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. However, whether and how depression exerts a causal effect on employment remains unclear. We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to investigate whether depression affects employment and related outcomes in the UK Biobank dataset. METHODS: We selected 227 242 working-age participants (40-64 in men, 40-59 years for women) of white British ethnicity/ancestry with suitable genetic da…
A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health
Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene–environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associ…
Interrogating structural inequalities in Covid-19 mortality in England and Wales
BACKGROUND: Numerous observational studies have highlighted structural inequalities in COVID-19 mortality in the UK. Such studies often fail to consider the hierarchical, spatial nature of such inequalities in their analysis, leading to the potential for bias and an inability to reach conclusions about the most appropriate structural levels for policy intervention. METHODS: We use publicly available population data on COVID-19-related mortality a…
Modeling Exposure to Multiple Childhood Social Risk Factors and Physical Capability and Common Affective Symptoms in Later Life
The cumulative social risk approach and the use of factor analysis to identify contexts of social risk, may offer viable methods for linking multiple childhood social risk exposure to aging outcomes
Childhood psychosocial adversity and female reproductive timing
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of childhood psychosocial adversity and age at menarche mostly evaluated single or a few measures of adversity, and therefore could not quantify total psychosocial adversity. Limited knowledge is currently available regarding childhood psychosocial adversity in relation to age at menopause and reproductive lifespan. METHODS: We examined the associations of total and specific components of childhood psychosocial advers…
The Influence of Depressive Symptoms on Cognitive Difficulties Affecting Daily Living in Hiv-1 Infection
Silva, S.; Baldewicz, T.; Jackson, E.; Leserman, J.; Perkins, D.O.; Howe, L.; Evans, D.L.; Golden, R.N. Author Information
Issues in the construction of wealth indices for the measurement of socio-economic position in low-income countries
Is the wealth index a proxy for consumption expenditure? A systematic review
Accuracy of height and weight data from child health records
MMR safety, and nearly a quarter (22.7%, n = 60) were rated as ''mixed''.In 2000, despite growing public concerns and widespread media coverage, fewer than 20 comment pieces were published.From 2001-2003 the tone of many articles was negative, mixed or neutral, thus conveying ambiguous or negative messages about MMR safety to health professionals, though from 2004 the tone changed and most comment pieces were broadly positive.Overall less than a …
Maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy and trajectories of growth and adiposity in the offspring
Objective To explore the associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring trajectories of height, weight and adiposity and to compare these with associations with paternal smoking to determine whether any associations are driven by intrauterine mechanisms. Design Individual trajectories of height, weight and adiposity were modelled from birth to 10 years using random-effects linear-spline models. Adiposity was modelled as ponderal…
P19 Socioeconomic disparities in trajectories of adiposity across childhood
Objective Socioeconomic inequalities in obesity are consistently observed in high-income countries, with lower socioeconomic groups tending to be more adipose amongst both adults and children. The development of such inequalities across childhood, however, has not been studied using longitudinal data. Design Using longitudinal data from a prospective birth cohort study, we modelled individual trajectories of adiposity from birth to 10 years using…
Subjective measures of socio-economic position and the wealth index
INTRODUCTION: The wealth index is a commonly-used measure of socio-economic position (SEP) in low- and middle-income settings, but there is concern that it is strongly influenced by community-level as well as household-level factors. Subjective SEP indicators are infrequently used in health research. METHODS: We use data from 11 280 households included in the Malawi Integrated Household Survey 2004/5. We compare the wealth index with four subject…
P1-285 Use of linear spline models to describe bi-ethnic differences in early childhood growth
Introduction Size at birth differs between South Asian and White European infants, but little is known about differences in growth in later infancy. We use multilevel linear spline models to describe ethnic differences in growth of infants from the Born in Bradford study (BIB). Methods Data for 1378 singleton births from BIB with follow-up visits at 6, 12 and 18 months were used (614 White and 764 Pakistani infants). Weight and length data from c…
O3-1.1 Does drop-out from cohort studies bias estimates of socioeconomic inequalities in health
Introduction Scandinavian studies exploiting record-linkage have shown that although cohort members tend to be healthy and affluent compared to the whole population, this does not bias at least certain well-established exposure-outcome associations. It is unknown whether this holds when estimating health inequalities. Individuals of lower socioeconomic position (SEP) may be less likely to consent to participation in a cohort study and more likely…
P2-449 Maternal education and height growth trajectories in childhood
Introduction The aim of this study was to explore the age at which socioeconomic inequalities in child height emerge among children from a middle-income country. Methods Using data from the 2004 Pelotas cohort study from Brazil we modelled individual height growth trajectories in 2106 boys and 1947 girls from birth to 48 months using a linear spline mixed effects model. We examined the associations of maternal education on birth length and length…
P2-515 Investigating Victoria's inverse equity hypothesis
Introduction Cesar Victora9s “inverse equity hypothesis” predicts that socioeconomic inequality in a health outcome will increase as new interventions are introduced, but suggests the gap will close over time. We explored this in relation to the HIV epidemic in Tanzania. Methods Literature review and analysis of two nationally-representative HIV prevalence surveys conducted among adults aged 15–49 in 2003–2004 (N=10934) and 2007–2008 (N=15542). W…
Measuring socio-economic position for epidemiological studies in low- and middle-income countries
Much has been written about the measurement of socio-economic position (SEP) in high-income countries (HIC). Less has been written for an epidemiology, health systems and public health audience about the measurement of SEP in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The social stratification processes in many LMIC-and therefore the appropriate measurement tools-differ considerably from those in HIC. Many measures of SEP have been utilized in epid…
OP25 Using Linear Spline Multilevel Models to Assess Socioeconomic Differences in Trajectories of Diet, Physical Activity and Fat Mass Across Childhood
Background Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is a risk factor for obesity in children and adolescents in high-income countries. Since diet and physical activity are the main drivers of obesity, the socioeconomic differential in obesity is likely to arise through SEP differences in one or both of these. Methods We explored SEP differences in trajectories of fat mass, energy intake and physical activity (PA) across childhood and early adolescence,…
Socioeconomic differences in childhood growth trajectories
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differentials in adult height are frequently observed, but the age at which these inequalities emerge and the patterns they follow through childhood are unknown. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), height trajectories from birth to 10 years (N=12366) were modelled. Individual trajectories were estimated using mixed-effects models. Differences in trajectories…
Trajectories of socioeconomic inequalities in health, behaviours and academic achievement across childhood and adolescence
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities are a key policy challenge. Studies to date have not taken a unified approach to assess how socioeconomic inequalities in health, behaviour and educational attainment change as children age. METHODS: We examined maternal education inequalities in multiple offspring health, behavioural and educational outcomes and how these changed across childhood and adolescence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and…
PL01 Common Epidemiological Misconceptions
Background Each year, numerous studies relate an outcome (e.g. offspring birthweight) to several exposures (e.g. maternal characteristics) using standard multiple linear/logistic regression. The results are often reported as coefficients/odds ratios for all exposures simultaneously, described as “mutually adjusted”. As discussed recently by Westreich and Greenland, depending on the nature of the theoretical model underpinning the data, this appro…
Socioeconomic differences in childhood length/height trajectories in a middle-income country
Current Controlled Trials: NCT01352247 assigned 9 Sept 2005; ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01561612 received 20 Mar 2012
The Active for Life Year 5 (Afly5) school-based cluster randomised controlled trial
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN50133740. Registered 17/03/2011
Ethnic differences in risk factors for obesity in New Zealand infants
BACKGROUND: In New Zealand, the burden of childhood obesity is greatest in Māori and Pacific children. METHODS: In 687 infants from an internet-based birth cohort in New Zealand, we investigated ethnic differences in early life risk factors for later obesity, the degree to which these were explained by sociodemographic factors, and the extent to which ethnic differences in weight at age 3 months were explained by measured risk factors. RESULTS: T…
Modeling Exposure to Multiple Childhood Social Risk Factors and Physical Capability and Common Affective Symptoms in Later Life
The cumulative social risk approach and the use of factor analysis to identify contexts of social risk, may offer viable methods for linking multiple childhood social risk exposure to aging outcomes
Prospective associations of psychosocial adversity in childhood with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood
We found no evidence that exposure to greater psychosocial adversity, or specific forms of psychosocial adversity during childhood is associated with adult CVD risk factors. Further large population studies are needed to clarify whether parental death is associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Childhood psychosocial adversity and female reproductive timing
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of childhood psychosocial adversity and age at menarche mostly evaluated single or a few measures of adversity, and therefore could not quantify total psychosocial adversity. Limited knowledge is currently available regarding childhood psychosocial adversity in relation to age at menopause and reproductive lifespan. METHODS: We examined the associations of total and specific components of childhood psychosocial advers…
Frailty in older-age European migrants
Adiposity, depression and anxiety
OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between adiposity, major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and to assess the role of inflammation, diet quality and physical activity in this association. METHODS: We used data from 2,977 individuals from the 1993 Pelotas Cohort (Brazil) who attended the 18- and 22-year follow-ups. We assessed general obesity using body mass index, fat mass index, and abdominal obesity using waist circumf…
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Physical Activity Patterns Maximizing Fitness and Minimizing Fatness Variation in Malaysian Adolescents
Patterns of physical activity (PA) that optimize both fitness and fatness may better predict cardiometabolic health. Reduced rank regression (RRR) was applied to identify combinations of the type (e.g., football vs. skipping), location and timing of activity, explaining variation in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Multivariable regressions estimated longitudinal associations of PA pattern scores with cardiometabolic hea…
Medicine (41 obras) · Demography (28 obras) · Environmental health (27 obras) · Population (23 obras) · Psychology (19 obras) · Gerontology (17 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (16 obras) · Internal Medicine (15 obras) · Psychiatry (15 obras) · Socioeconomic status (15 obras)