Jonathan Pugh
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 174561 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Jonathan Pugh |
| NOMBRES | Jonathan |
| APELLIDO | Pugh |
| FIRMA | PUGH J |
| AFILIACIONES | Newcastle University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5308-6379 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 62 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 362 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 61 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2000 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Exploring the ethics of tuberculosis human challenge models
We extend recent conversation about the ethics of human challenge trials to tuberculosis (TB). TB challenge studies could accelerate vaccine development, but ethical concerns regarding risks to trial participants and third parties have been a limiting factor. We analyse the expected social value and risks of different challenge models, concluding that if a TB challenge trial has between a 10% and a 50% chance of leading to the authorisation and n…
Capacity, Autonomy, and Risk
There has been renewed interest in whether we should understand standards of decision-making capacity (DMC) to be risk-relative. Critics of risk-relative standards often highlight a puzzling asymmetry that they imply; a patient may have the requisite DMC to consent to a treatment that is in their best interests, whilst lacking the requisite DMC to refuse that same treatment, given the much higher risk that this would entail. Whilst some have argu…
Self-censorship
A virologist recently made headlines after successfully using an experimental form of oncolytic virotherapy to treat her own recurrent breast cancer. This case has come at a time when regulators are increasingly having to grapple with the proliferation of self-experimentation outside of accredited research institutions. There is, therefore, a pressing need to outline the key ethical dimensions of self-experimentation and to develop ethical guidan…
Misaligned hope and conviction in health care
It is often said that it is important for patients to possess hope that their treatment will be successful. We agree, but a widely appealed to type of hope—hope based on conviction (religious or otherwise), renders this assertion problematic. If conviction‐based hope influences patient decisions to undergo medical procedures, then questions are raised about the scope of patient autonomy. Libertarians permit patients to make decisions to undergo m…
The World as Abyss
Andrew Culp and Cultural Studies Association’s Black and Race Studies Working Group Co-Host Shauna Rigaud discuss The World as Abyss: The Caribbean and Critical Thought in the Anthropocene (University of Westminster Press, 2023) with authors Jonathan Pugh and David Chandler. This podcast is accompanied by a scholarly commentary by Richard T. Stafford
Green bioethics, patient autonomy and informed consent in healthcare
Green bioethics is an area of research and scholarship that examines the impact of healthcare practices and policies on the environment and emphasises environmental values, such as ecological sustainability and stewardship. Some green bioethicists have argued that healthcare providers should inform patients about the environmental impacts of treatments and advocate for options that minimise adverse impacts. While disclosure of information pertain…
The ethics of natural immunity exemptions to vaccine mandates
The Supreme Court of the United States has recently been petitioned to revisit legal issues pertaining to the lawfulness of imposing a vaccine mandate on individuals with proof of natural immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic. While the petition accepts that the protection of public health during COVID-19 was an important governmental interest, the petitioners maintain that the imposition of a vaccine mandate on individuals with natural immunity …
Problematising the geographic subject
Human geography
This commentary engages Bodden's (2025) ‘Working through our differences’ to draw out how contemporary frameworks of reasoning in human geography extend the limits of ‘thinkability’, expanding the world, of the modern subject. In response, I offer ‘Abyssal Geography’, critiquing how the discipline is not ending but worlding the modern subject in new ways
The Scandinavian states' staffing of the United Nations‐system
This paper examines the Scandinavian states' staffing of middle and senior‐ranking positions within the United Nations (UN)‐system, in comparison to other members of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It is true that the Scandinavian states are overrepresented per the size of their population in both staffing categories; however, when it comes to a comparison of financial contributions to the UN regular budget, the t…
Critique beyond relation
The ‘relational turn’ has been widely embraced in Human Geography and related fields over the last couple of decades as an alternative to the hubris of modern and colonial reasoning. Yet, increasingly, concerns over the extent that contemporary conceptualisations are overly ‘generative’, ‘productivist’ and ‘affirmational’ has come to the fore. There is significant interest in the possibilities for more negative understandings, highlighting failur…
Does habitus provide the framework for Scandinavian cooperation
This article argues that habitus is the basis for Scandinavian cooperation. The article makes two contributions. First, it endeavours to contribute to the literature on Scandinavian cooperation by demonstrating, through the article’s empirical data, that shared habitus provides the structural framework for Scandinavian cooperation. Habitus drives together the bureaucratic, diplomatic, and political personnel of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, includ…
Rizvana Bradley, Anteaesthetics
Taking aesthetics as a racial regime of modernity, the focus of Bradley's Anteaesthetics is experiments in Black art which are not 'worlding but an illimitable descent made to come before the world'. With a powerful introduction reflecting upon Nina Simone at the Montreal Jazz festival, and chapters which take us through 19th-century paintings, cinema, texts, video installations, and digital art, Anteaesthetics forces us to encounter the horror, …
The World as Abyss
Vaccine mandates for healthcare workers beyond Covid-19
We provide ethical criteria to establish when vaccine mandates for healthcare workers are ethically justifiable. The relevant criteria are the utility of the vaccine for healthcare workers, the utility for patients (both in terms of prevention of transmission of infection and reduction in staff shortage), and the existence of less restrictive alternatives that can achieve comparable benefits. Healthcare workers have professional obligations to pr…
A principle‐based framework for disclosing a psychosis risk diagnosis
In recent decades, researchers have attempted to prospectively identify individuals at high risk of developing psychosis in the hope of delaying or preventing psychosis onset. These psychosis risk individuals are identified as being in an ‘At‐Risk Mental State’ (ARMS) through a standardised psychometric interview. However, disclosure of ARMS status has attracted criticism due to concerns about the risk–benefit ratio of disclosure to patients. Onl…
Abyssal geography
Today, we are held to live in the Anthropocene, bringing to an end modern binary imaginaries, such as the separation between Human and Nature, and with them Western assumptions of progress, linear causality and human exceptionalism. Much Western critical theory, from new or vital materialism to post‐ and more‐than‐human thinking, unsurprisingly reflects this internal crisis of faith in Eurocentric or Enlightenment reasoning. At the same time, a r…
The stakes of abyssal geography. Response to commentaries on David Chandler and Jonathan Pugh's ‘Abyssal geography’
We thank Kevin Grove, Adom Philogene Heron, and Tracey Skelton for their generous and extremely useful commentaries on the abyssal analytic. We also thank James D. Sidaway, Nuraziah Aziz, and Chih Yuan Woon for facilitating the dynamic flow of discussion and debate—beginning with a draft paper, then the RGS-IBG conference plenary and discussion with the panel and audience, now concluding with the published paper (Chandler & Pugh, 2023) together w…
The Americas
This interview between Barbara Gfoellner and Jonathan Pugh explores archipelagic thinking, transnational American Studies, the concept of islandness and recent debates in Black Studies. Notably, it draws out two distinct ways, or analytical approaches, in which American Studies can be taken beyond understandings of the nation-state as a fixed and bounded object. Both seek to move beyond modern frameworks of reasoning, a linear telos of progress, …
The lure of an unavailable world
The lure of an unavailable world is becoming increasingly prominent in Geography and related disciplines. The concern is that much research today remains affirmational—still grasping and instrumentalising being and relation—and that, whilst no doubt modified in such developments as the relational and ontological turns, this nevertheless continues the legacies of the modern episteme in new ways. Indeed, there is a marked momentum, across the socia…
"Understanding "Islandness
Islandness is a contested concept, not just between disciplines but also cultures, entangled with what islands, \nisland studies, and island identity are understood to be. The purpose of this article is to explore some of these \ndifferent meanings, without necessarily unifying or reconciling them, with the aim of keeping multiple \nunderstandings of islandness in creative tension. We begin by considering islandness as smallness, recognizing \nth…
Genetic exceptionalism, revisionism, pluralism and convergence in the ethics of insurance
Proportionality, wrongs and equipoise for natural immunity exemptions
We would like to thank each of the commentators on our feature article for their thoughtful engagement with our arguments. All the commentaries raise important questions about our proposed justification for natural immunity exemptions to COVID-19 vaccine mandates. Thankfully, for some of the points raised, we can simply signal our agreement. For instance, Reiss is correct to highlight that our article did not address the important US-centric cons…
The unnaturalistic fallacy
COVID-19 vaccine requirements have generated significant debate. Here, we argue that, on the evidence available, such policies should have recognised proof of natural immunity as a sufficient basis for exemption to vaccination requirements. We begin by distinguishing our argument from two implausible claims about natural immunity: (1) natural immunity is superior to ‘artificial’ vaccine-induced immunity simply because it is ‘natural’ and (2) it i…
Sense and sensitivity
The UK government has put lateral flow antigen tests (LFATs) at the forefront of its strategy to scale-up testing in the coronavirus pandemic. However, evidence from a pilot trial using an LFAT to identify asymptomatic infections in the community suggested that the test missed over half of the positive cases in the tested population. This raises the question of whether it can be ethical to use an inaccurate test to guide public health measures. W…
The relational turn in island geographies
Island studies are a growing field of research. A relational turn has recently taken place in island studies alongside relational turns in associated fields of research, including oceanic and ship geographies (although not always in conversation with them). While all three now challenge the landlocked nature of geography and related disciplines, this paper suggests that islands, oceans and ships should not always be reductively conceptualized in …
Anthropocene islands
Many Anthropocene scholars provide us with the key take home message that they are writing ‘after the end of the world’. Not because they are writing about apocalypse, but because they are engaging the Anthropocene after the profound crisis of faith in Western modernity which has swept across academia in recent decades. Here the dominant problematic of contemporary Anthropocene thinking has rapidly turned away from modernity’s human/nature divide…
Relationality and island studies in the Anthropocene
The island has become arguably one of the most emblematic figures of the Anthropocene. It is regularly invoked as exemplary of the changing stakes of our planet. This generates a crucially important role for island studies scholars; to explore, question, but now perhaps also trouble, some fundamental debates about islands in the Anthropocene. This paper picks up a particularly recurrent theme for island scholarship in recent decades—relationality…
Island Movements
Whether in Homer or Plato, Shakespeare or Huxley, throughout history, thinking about islands has shaped how we think about human nature and our place in the world. However, to date archipelagos have received far less attention. This is problematic because we live, increasingly, in a world of island-island movements and not static forms. Not only in the more obvious cases of the Caribbean, Hawaii or the Philippines but, as Stratford et al (2011) s…
"Understanding "Islandness
Islandness is a contested concept, not just between disciplines but also cultures, entangled with what islands, \nisland studies, and island identity are understood to be. The purpose of this article is to explore some of these \ndifferent meanings, without necessarily unifying or reconciling them, with the aim of keeping multiple \nunderstandings of islandness in creative tension. We begin by considering islandness as smallness, recognizing \nth…
Assemblage Thinking and Participatory Development
The politics and ethics of participatory development have been a topic of vibrant debate since the 1990s. While proponents assert that participation emancipates and empowers marginalized people, critics assert that it enacts new forms of control and regulation. This paper reads these debates through the analytical lens offered by assemblage thinking. Assemblage allows us to foreground affective relations between people and things, and the diagram…
Resilience, complexity and post‐liberalism
Resilience is one of the dominant tropes in contemporary policy, practice and academic debate. This paper situates resilience within historical and contemporary approaches to international intervention, governance and analysis. It contains three related arguments suggesting that resilience reflects and seeks to offer a positive alternative to the loss of modern frameworks. First, it is argued that resilience emerged in international intervention …
The disciplinary effects of communicative planning in Soufriere, St Lucia
Communicative planning initiatives are being increasingly implemented across both the North and South of the globe. Influenced by Habermas’ theory of communicative rationality, this form of planning concentrates upon consensus building between different signified interest groups. The paper explores how communicative planning in the eastern Caribbean country of St Lucia disciplines people's conduct from the perspectives of Foucault's concept of go…
Islands of relationality and resilience
In recent decades, island studies scholars have done much to disrupt static notions of the island form, increasingly foregrounding how islands form part of complex networks of relations, assemblages and flows. In this paper, we shift the terms of debate more explicitly to relationality in the Anthropocene. We consider the implications and challenges that a wider set of debates, particularly surrounding island “resilience,” concerning the Anthropo…
Postcolonial Development, (Non)Sovereignty and Affect
This paper sets out a new research agenda for work on postcolonial development, sovereignty and affect. It examines how ideals of postcolonial independence play out through the more heterogeneous affective atmospheres that disrupt neat paradigms of sovereign control and non-sovereignty in everyday life. The example employed is everyday life in a Caribbean government office, but the paper develops a wider set of new conceptual tools and ethnograph…
Islands and the rise of correlational epistemology in the Anthropocene
Once on the periphery of international debate, today small islands are seen by many as key to unlocking new ways of thinking about climate change and developing new practices of adaptation in the epoch of the Anthropocene. These approaches differ starkly from modernist, linear, causal frameworks that construct islands as vulnerable objects that require ‘saving’ or ‘protecting’. Instead, islands become instruments of productive knowledge, laborato…
Interstitial and Abyssal geographies
Against the backdrop of the contemporary crisis of faith in modern reasoning, work on islands and with island cultures has come to the fore in the development of alternative, non-Eurocentric, non-modern, ways of being and knowing. Much attention has surrounded a wide range of critical work associated with the ‘ontological’ or the ‘relational’ turn, highlighting interstitial, entangled, post- and more-than-human creative encounters of becoming. Th…
Beyond the securitisation of development
Assemblage, transversality and participation in the neoliberal university
This paper develops a novel approach to what we call 'participation as assemblage' by drawing upon Félix Guattari's foundational work on assemblage theory. We develop and ground our concerns by taking the reader through the details of a participatory development case study that we have been involved in from the Caribbean since the 1990s. Through unfolding this long story, we explain how we have historically engaged different participatory literat…
A sceptical approach to ‘the everyday’
Social transformation and participatory planning in St Lucia
In this paper I seek to highlight some differences between elite systems of participatory planning, on the one hand, and class‐driven social transformation in St Lucia, on the other. In doing so, I refer to two periods in time in St Lucia's history. The first is between 1840 and 1957, when the agricultural system of metayage dominated. This example will be used to illustrate a period of time when social transformation was driven by the peasant cl…
Human geography
This commentary engages Bodden's (2025) ‘Working through our differences’ to draw out how contemporary frameworks of reasoning in human geography extend the limits of ‘thinkability’, expanding the world, of the modern subject. In response, I offer ‘Abyssal Geography’, critiquing how the discipline is not ending but worlding the modern subject in new ways
Relational or abyssal
Playing the donor's anxious game
This paper explores the politics of formal physical development planning systems in the Eastern Caribbean.It argues that while Western funding agencies now articulate a more 'democratic' discourse ofdevelopment in the form of participatory planning, this new approach is more reflective of the politicisedanxieties of 'the West' than of the desire of Caribbean elites to connect with 'the people' through sharedvisions for change. Notwithstanding the…
Does habitus provide the framework for Scandinavian cooperation
This article argues that habitus is the basis for Scandinavian cooperation. The article makes two contributions. First, it endeavours to contribute to the literature on Scandinavian cooperation by demonstrating, through the article’s empirical data, that shared habitus provides the structural framework for Scandinavian cooperation. Habitus drives together the bureaucratic, diplomatic, and political personnel of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, includ…
The lure of an unavailable world
The lure of an unavailable world is becoming increasingly prominent in Geography and related disciplines. The concern is that much research today remains affirmational—still grasping and instrumentalising being and relation—and that, whilst no doubt modified in such developments as the relational and ontological turns, this nevertheless continues the legacies of the modern episteme in new ways. Indeed, there is a marked momentum, across the socia…
The Spaces of Democracy and the Democracy of Space
There is much concern in the social sciences and humanities today about how people are connected with and responsible to those who live in distant places. Recent examples are abundant: from climate change to the cyclone that hit Burma in 2008. At the same time, new forces and personalities in the social sciences and humanities are seeking to ‘open out’ understandings of ‘the spatial’ as a concept. There is a movement to view ‘space’ as something …
Problematising the geographic subject
Critique beyond relation
The ‘relational turn’ has been widely embraced in Human Geography and related fields over the last couple of decades as an alternative to the hubris of modern and colonial reasoning. Yet, increasingly, concerns over the extent that contemporary conceptualisations are overly ‘generative’, ‘productivist’ and ‘affirmational’ has come to the fore. There is significant interest in the possibilities for more negative understandings, highlighting failur…
The Anthropocene Islands agenda
We respond to the generous and constructive commentaries on our article, ‘Anthropocene Islands: There Are Only Islands After the End of the World’. In particular, we engage and think with the contributions as part of the process of forming a critical research agenda using the initial article as a springboard or platform for discussion – rather than as a set of research conclusions or a polemical statement. The contributions, to our minds, work in…
Rolling Back the State and Physical Development Planning
The focus of this paper is the recent preparation of the Third National Physical Development Plan for Barbados. Interestingly, this blueprint for the future development of the country was prepared by Canadian consultants, under the auspices of Inter‐American Development Bank funding, and thereby ostensibly represents the rolling back of the State in the context of physical development planning. The paper briefly examines the origins of town and c…
Environmental Planning in Barbados
This paper explores the 'confidence' that different groups have during environmental planning in Barbados. It shows how anxious donor agencies and Western consultants have been accused of projecting their vision of development onto the country. I examine how isolated environmental movements act unaccountably on behalf of a disengaged population. As a result, with the legacy of independence still in people's memories, the State of Barbados speaks …
Playing the donor's anxious game
This paper explores the politics of formal physical development planning systems in the Eastern Caribbean.It argues that while Western funding agencies now articulate a more 'democratic' discourse ofdevelopment in the form of participatory planning, this new approach is more reflective of the politicisedanxieties of 'the West' than of the desire of Caribbean elites to connect with 'the people' through sharedvisions for change. Notwithstanding the…
The disciplinary effects of communicative planning in Soufriere, St Lucia
Communicative planning initiatives are being increasingly implemented across both the North and South of the globe. Influenced by Habermas’ theory of communicative rationality, this form of planning concentrates upon consensus building between different signified interest groups. The paper explores how communicative planning in the eastern Caribbean country of St Lucia disciplines people's conduct from the perspectives of Foucault's concept of go…
Social transformation and participatory planning in St Lucia
In this paper I seek to highlight some differences between elite systems of participatory planning, on the one hand, and class‐driven social transformation in St Lucia, on the other. In doing so, I refer to two periods in time in St Lucia's history. The first is between 1840 and 1957, when the agricultural system of metayage dominated. This example will be used to illustrate a period of time when social transformation was driven by the peasant cl…
Debating (de)territorial governance
On the Political ‐ By Chantal Mouffe
Statement The editors do not necessarily agree with the statements contained in the book reviews, and neither they nor the RGS‐IBG assume responsibility for the reviewers’ assessments of the books that they evaluate
On the Political - By Chantal Mouffe
What is Radical Politics Today?
A crisis makes you rethink your life. The recent economic crisis is no exception. All of us are now thinking how our lives could be run differently. This recession seems to be giving more cause for reflection than most — not only about how the economy is managed, but also about the environment and society more generally. Neo-liberalism has governed our lives for nearly thirty years. Many feel that its Right-wing ethos of deregulation, privatisati…
What is Radical Politics Today
A crisis makes you rethink your life. The recent economic crisis is no exception. All of us are now thinking how the world could be run differently. Despite this, a radical alternative has hardly emer
The Spaces of Democracy and the Democracy of Space
There is much concern in the social sciences and humanities today about how people are connected with and responsible to those who live in distant places. Recent examples are abundant: from climate change to the cyclone that hit Burma in 2008. At the same time, new forces and personalities in the social sciences and humanities are seeking to ‘open out’ understandings of ‘the spatial’ as a concept. There is a movement to view ‘space’ as something …
What is radical politics today
A crisis makes you rethink your life. The recent economic crisis is no exception. All of us are now thinking how the world could be run differently. Despite this, a radical alternative has hardly emerged to mobilize the masses. Written for the public and students, this book explores the character and spirit of radical politics in our times"--Provided by publisher
The Stakes of Radical Politics have Changed
This paper flags up one central point: given that the stakes of radical politics have changed post-crisis, and the Left is proving to be ineffective, radicals need to revisit some fundamental debates. This not only requires us to continue with those initial reflections on the economy that draw upon Keynes and Marx. Other themes need re-examination in the post-crisis light too. My article revisits the role of three: namely (1) the state, (2) ethic…
Beyond the securitisation of development
Island Movements
Whether in Homer or Plato, Shakespeare or Huxley, throughout history, thinking about islands has shaped how we think about human nature and our place in the world. However, to date archipelagos have received far less attention. This is problematic because we live, increasingly, in a world of island-island movements and not static forms. Not only in the more obvious cases of the Caribbean, Hawaii or the Philippines but, as Stratford et al (2011) s…
Resilience, complexity and post‐liberalism
Resilience is one of the dominant tropes in contemporary policy, practice and academic debate. This paper situates resilience within historical and contemporary approaches to international intervention, governance and analysis. It contains three related arguments suggesting that resilience reflects and seeks to offer a positive alternative to the loss of modern frameworks. First, it is argued that resilience emerged in international intervention …
Returning from the Horizon
Island studies tends to focus on peripheral, isolated, and marginal aspects of island communities, while urban studies has showed scant awareness of islandness: Although many people research cities on islands, there is little tradition of researching island cities or urban archipelagos per se. Island cities (densely populated small islands and population centres of larger islands and archipelagos) nevertheless play import cultural, economic, poli…
Assemblage Thinking and Participatory Development
The politics and ethics of participatory development have been a topic of vibrant debate since the 1990s. While proponents assert that participation emancipates and empowers marginalized people, critics assert that it enacts new forms of control and regulation. This paper reads these debates through the analytical lens offered by assemblage thinking. Assemblage allows us to foreground affective relations between people and things, and the diagram…
A sceptical approach to ‘the everyday’
Postcolonial Development, (Non)Sovereignty and Affect
This paper sets out a new research agenda for work on postcolonial development, sovereignty and affect. It examines how ideals of postcolonial independence play out through the more heterogeneous affective atmospheres that disrupt neat paradigms of sovereign control and non-sovereignty in everyday life. The example employed is everyday life in a Caribbean government office, but the paper develops a wider set of new conceptual tools and ethnograph…
The relational turn in island geographies
Island studies are a growing field of research. A relational turn has recently taken place in island studies alongside relational turns in associated fields of research, including oceanic and ship geographies (although not always in conversation with them). While all three now challenge the landlocked nature of geography and related disciplines, this paper suggests that islands, oceans and ships should not always be reductively conceptualized in …
Assemblage, transversality and participation in the neoliberal university
This paper develops a novel approach to what we call 'participation as assemblage' by drawing upon Félix Guattari's foundational work on assemblage theory. We develop and ground our concerns by taking the reader through the details of a participatory development case study that we have been involved in from the Caribbean since the 1990s. Through unfolding this long story, we explain how we have historically engaged different participatory literat…
The Moral Obligation to Prioritize Research Into Deep Brain Stimulation Over Brain Lesioning Procedures for Severe Enduring Anorexia Nervosa
Deep Brain Stimulation is currently being investigated as an experimental treatment for patients suffering from treatment-refractory AN, with an increasing number of case reports and small-scale trials published. Although still at an exploratory and experimental stage, initial results have been promising. Despite the risks associated with an invasive neurosurgical procedure and the long-term implantation of a foreign body, DBS has a number of adv…
Relationality and island studies in the Anthropocene
The island has become arguably one of the most emblematic figures of the Anthropocene. It is regularly invoked as exemplary of the changing stakes of our planet. This generates a crucially important role for island studies scholars; to explore, question, but now perhaps also trouble, some fundamental debates about islands in the Anthropocene. This paper picks up a particularly recurrent theme for island scholarship in recent decades—relationality…
Clarifying the Normative Significance of ‘Personality Changes’ Following Deep Brain Stimulation
There is evidence to suggest that some patients who undergo Deep Brain Stimulation can experience changes to dispositional, emotional and behavioural states that play a central role in conceptions of personality, identity, autonomy, authenticity, agency and/or self (PIAAAS). For example, some patients undergoing DBS for Parkinson’s Disease have developed hypersexuality, and some have reported increased apathy. Moreover, experimental psychiatric a…
Political science (38 obras) · Sociology (36 obras) · Law (31 obras) · Epistemology (28 obras) · Philosophy (27 obras) · Politics (20 obras) · Computer Science (16 obras) · Philosophy (14 obras) · Environmental ethics (13 obras) · Geography (13 obras)