E A Cech
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 17625 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | E A Cech |
| NOMBRES | E A |
| APELLIDO | Cech |
| FIRMA | CECH E A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6913-7150 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 627 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2010 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 15 |
Bar Chart Looking Glass
Addressing long-standing inequalities in professions demands that professionals, especially those with power and privilege, believe that inequalities exist and are motivated to act. What promotes this inequality recognition? Focusing on an illustrative case of white, able-bodied, heterosexual men (WAHM) in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, this study asks: How do these intersectionally advantaged professionals make sense o…
Racial differences in job attitudes of early-career academics
Asian Americans have a unique positionality in higher education because they are racially marginalized while being overrepresented in some science and technology fields. Being stereotyped as the “model minority,” Asian Americans’ experiences and job outcomes differ from both the majority and other racial minority groups. However, there is limited research on their experiences in higher education, particularly regarding job attitudes. We studied t…
When the watchdogs look away
Amid breakneck advancements in digital and mechanical technologies, postindustrial societies lean on tech professionals, particularly engineers, to be public welfare watchdogs—to recognize the potential for public welfare threats and to be accountable to intervene. But do engineers recognize public welfare concerns like tech bias as part of their professional responsibilities? Do they acknowledge technology’s role in inequality? Using representat…
The importance of inclusive climate within the research group, department, and profession for marginalized science scholars’ career outcomes
The View from Above and Below
Popular explanations of inequality as the result of individual failings rather than structural processes are powerful cultural mechanisms that legitimize and reproduce inequality in the United States. How might individuals' experiences of downward or upward mobility shape the explanations they give? We argue that perceived experiences of economic mobility may not only shape how Americans understand economic inequality but may also impact their be…
Lowering Their Meritocratic Blinders
White men will be allies in addressing workplace racism and sexism only to the extent they recognize that such bias exists and are willing to act. This article proposes a novel factor in white men’s bias recognition and reporting: their own negative treatment at work. Expanding the underdog thesis, the author argues that white men who experience harassment (e.g., physical intimidation) are more likely to recognize and report workplace race and ge…
Misconceiving Merit
"In Misconceiving Merit, sociologists Mary Blair-Loy and Erin A. Cech uncover the cultural foundations of a paradox. On one hand, academic science, engineering, and math revere meritocracy, a system that recognizes and rewards those with the greatest talent and dedication. At the same time, women and some racial and sexual minorities remain underrepresented and often feel unwelcome and devalued in STEM. How can academic science, which so highly v…
Unsettled Employment, Reshuffled Priorities? Career Prioritization among College-Educated Workers Facing Employment Instability during Covid-19
Millions of workers experienced job instability during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. A prevailing assumption is that such experiences of instability intensify economic rationality in workers' career decision making as a matter of course. In contrast, the authors argue that pandemic-related employment instability may have 'unsettled' workers' lives in ways that elevated nonfinancial priorities such as meaningful work. Using pro…
LGBTQ@Nasa and Beyond
Scholars are just beginning to understand how organizational processes shape LGBTQ workplace inequality. Using multimethod data from STEM professionals, this article examines how one such factor-the way work tasks are structured within organizations-may impact LGBTQ workers' experiences of marginalization and devaluation. Through interviews with STEM professionals at two NASA space flight centers with different work structures, we find that LGBTQ…
Systemic inequalities for LGBTQ professionals in STEM
LGBTQ STEM professionals experience more career limitations, devaluation, health issues, and attrition intentions than their peers.
LGBT Workplace Inequality in the Federal Workforce
How do lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) employees fare in US workplaces? Beyond formal discrimination, do LGBT workers encounter biases that degrade the quality of their day-to-day workplace experiences? Using a representative sample of more than 300,000 employees in 28 "best case" organizations-federal agencies with LGBT-inclusive policies-the authors examine not only whether these informal workplace inequalities occur but also whe…
The changing career trajectories of new parents in STEM
Significance Why are women still underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) jobs? Social processes beyond individual preferences may shape the STEM employment trajectories of new mothers and new fathers differently. Using representative US longitudinal survey data, we followed full-time STEM professionals after the birth or adoption of their first child. We found substantial attrition of new parents; nearly one-half of …
Cultural Processes of Ethnoracial Disadvantage among Native American College Students
Although indigenous populations have been subjected to some of the worst forms of institutionalized oppression in the United States, little social science research has sought to understand the day-to-day ethnoracial biases that contemporary Native American populations face. Seeking to expand this knowledge, we present a theoretical framework of the cultural processes of ethnoracial disadvantage experienced by Native American students in predomina…
“I am Not a Feminist, but. . .”
Engineering is often described as an enduring bastion of masculine culture where women experience marginality. Using diaries from undergraduate engineering students at four universities, the authors explore women’s interpretations of their status within the profession. The authors’ findings show that women recognize their marginality, providing clear and strong criticisms of their experiences. But these criticisms remain isolated and muted; they …
Not Just a Mothers' Problem
Flexibility bias and the 'ideal worker' norm pose serious disadvantages for working mothers. But, are mothers the only ones harmed by these norms? We argue that these norms can be harmful for all workers, even 'ideal' ones-men without caregiving responsibilities who have never used flexible work arrangements. We investigate how working in an environment where workers perceive flexibility bias affects their job attitudes and work-life spillover. U…
Queer in STEM Organizations
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in U.S. workplaces often face disadvantages in pay, promotion, and inclusion and emergent research suggests that these disadvantages may be particularly pernicious within science and engineering environments. However, no research has systematically examined whether LGBT employees indeed encounter disadvantages in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) organizations. Using repres…
Epistemological Dominance and Social Inequality
Can epistemologies anchor processes of social inequality? In this paper, we consider how epistemological dominance in science, engineering, and health (SE&H) fields perpetuates disadvantages for students who enter higher education with alternative epistemologies. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Native American students enrolled at two US research universities who adhere to or revere indigenous epistemologies, we find that epistemological domi…
Rugged Meritocratists
Opposition to social justice efforts plays a key role in reproducing social inequalities in the United States. Focusing on supporters of Donald Trump as a possible exemplar of politically structured resistance to these efforts, the author asks whether and why Trump supporters are more likely than other Americans to oppose social justice efforts. Analysis of a proportionally representative, postelection survey ( n = 1,151) reveals that Trump suppo…
Like second-hand smoke
As many workers struggle to reconcile their personal and work responsibilities, scholars have called on organizations to redesign and redefine workplace structures and cultures. One pernicious feature of today’s organizations is workplace flexibility bias, workers’ sense that they will face career consequences for making schedule adjustments for family or personal reasons. Expanding the theoretical and empirical understanding of this bias, we ask…
What fosters concern for inequality among American adolescents
Recognizing chilliness
Demands and Devotion
How do cultural meanings influence how people experience work‐life demands? Much research, especially quantitative research, on the effects of structural work and family conditions does not account for employees’ cultural beliefs about the meaning of work in their lives. This article uses unique survey data to investigate the effects of employee embrace of elements of the “work devotion schema”—a cultural model that valorizes intense career commi…
Mechanism or Myth
Occupational gender segregation is an obdurate feature of gender inequality in the United States The 'family plans thesis'-the belief that women and men deliberately adjust their early career decisions to accommodate their anticipated family roles-is a common theoretical explanation of this segregation in the social sciences and in popular discourse. But do young men and women actually account for their family plans when making occupational choic…
Persistence Is Cultural
Why does sex segregation in professional occupations persist? Arguing that the cultures and practices of professional socialization serve to perpetuate this segregation, the authors examine the case of engineering. Using interview and diary entry data following students from college entry to graduation, the authors show how socialization leads women to develop less confidence that they will 'fit' into the culture of engineering. The authors ident…
Sue V. Rosser, Breaking into the Lab
Professional Role Confidence and Gendered Persistence in Engineering
Social psychological research on gendered persistence in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professions is dominated by two explanations: women leave because they perceive their family plans to be at odds with demands of STEM careers, and women leave due to low self-assessment of their skills in STEM's intellectual tasks, net of their performance. This study uses original panel data to examine behavioral and intentional pers…
The Self-Expressive Edge of Occupational Sex Segregation
Recent gender scholarship speculates that occupational sex segregation is reproduced in large part through the gendered, self-expressive career decisions of men and women. This article examines the effects of college students’ expression of their self-conceptions on their likelihood of entering occupations with a high or low proportion of women and theorizes the consequences of this mechanism for gender inequality. The author uses unique longitud…
Consequences of Flexibility Stigma Among Academic Scientists and Engineers
Flexibility stigma, the devaluation of workers who seek or are presumed to need flexible work arrangements, fosters a mismatch between workplace demands and the needs of professionals. The authors survey 'ideal workers'-science, technology, engineering, and math faculty at a top research university-to determine the consequences of working in an environment with flexibility stigma. Those who report this stigma have lower intentions to persist, wor…
Persistence Is Cultural
Why does sex segregation in professional occupations persist? Arguing that the cultures and practices of professional socialization serve to perpetuate this segregation, the authors examine the case of engineering. Using interview and diary entry data following students from college entry to graduation, the authors show how socialization leads women to develop less confidence that they will 'fit' into the culture of engineering. The authors ident…
Perceiving Glass Ceilings? Meritocratic versus Structural Explanations of Gender Inequality among Women in Science and Technology
Americans often rely on meritocratic ideologies rather than structural factors to explain unequal labor market outcomes, but we know little about how such beliefs are contingent upon individuals' social locations. Taking advantage of unique survey data, this article examines how gender inequality in professional advancement is explained among successful women professionals in science, technology, and allied fields—an employment arena potentially …
Culture of Disengagement in Engineering Education
Much has been made of the importance of training ethical, socially conscious engineers, but does US engineering education actually encourage neophytes to take seriously their professional responsibility to public welfare? Counter to such ideals of engagement, I argue that students' interest in public welfare concerns may actually decline over the course of their engineering education. Using unique longitudinal survey data of students at four coll…
Navigating the heteronormativity of engineering
While much is known about the experiences of women and racial/ethnic minorities in male-dominated fields such as engineering, the experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identifying individuals remain unstudied. Our article breaks this silence with an exploratory study of the ways LGB students at a major research university in the western United States both experience and navigate the climate of their engineering college. Based on intervi…
Demands and Devotion
How do cultural meanings influence how people experience work‐life demands? Much research, especially quantitative research, on the effects of structural work and family conditions does not account for employees’ cultural beliefs about the meaning of work in their lives. This article uses unique survey data to investigate the effects of employee embrace of elements of the “work devotion schema”—a cultural model that valorizes intense career commi…
Giving back or giving up
Native Americans are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers. We examine communal goal incongruence-the mismatch between students' emphasis on communal work goals and the noncommunal culture of STEM-as a possible factor in this underrepresentation. First, we surveyed 80 Native American STEM freshmen and found they more highly endorsed communal goals than individualistic work goals. Next, we surveyed 96 Native…
Queer in STEM Organizations
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in U.S. workplaces often face disadvantages in pay, promotion, and inclusion and emergent research suggests that these disadvantages may be particularly pernicious within science and engineering environments. However, no research has systematically examined whether LGBT employees indeed encounter disadvantages in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) organizations. Using repres…
Who likes math where? Gender differences in eighth-graders’ attitudes around the world
Some of the most male-dominated science, technology, engineering and mathematics occupations and degree programmes are found in the world’s most affluent societies. This article assesses whether gender gaps in attitudes follow similarly surprising patterns. Multivariate analysis of eighth-graders’ affinity for mathematics and aspirations for mathematically related jobs in 53 countries shows that the attitudinal gender gap is indeed larger in affl…
LGBT Workplace Inequality in the Federal Workforce
How do lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) employees fare in US workplaces? Beyond formal discrimination, do LGBT workers encounter biases that degrade the quality of their day-to-day workplace experiences? Using a representative sample of more than 300,000 employees in 28 "best case" organizations-federal agencies with LGBT-inclusive policies-the authors examine not only whether these informal workplace inequalities occur but also whe…
Recognizing chilliness
LGBTQ@Nasa and Beyond
Scholars are just beginning to understand how organizational processes shape LGBTQ workplace inequality. Using multimethod data from STEM professionals, this article examines how one such factor-the way work tasks are structured within organizations-may impact LGBTQ workers' experiences of marginalization and devaluation. Through interviews with STEM professionals at two NASA space flight centers with different work structures, we find that LGBTQ…
Like second-hand smoke
As many workers struggle to reconcile their personal and work responsibilities, scholars have called on organizations to redesign and redefine workplace structures and cultures. One pernicious feature of today’s organizations is workplace flexibility bias, workers’ sense that they will face career consequences for making schedule adjustments for family or personal reasons. Expanding the theoretical and empirical understanding of this bias, we ask…
Mechanism or Myth
Occupational gender segregation is an obdurate feature of gender inequality in the United States The 'family plans thesis'-the belief that women and men deliberately adjust their early career decisions to accommodate their anticipated family roles-is a common theoretical explanation of this segregation in the social sciences and in popular discourse. But do young men and women actually account for their family plans when making occupational choic…
Rugged Meritocratists
Opposition to social justice efforts plays a key role in reproducing social inequalities in the United States. Focusing on supporters of Donald Trump as a possible exemplar of politically structured resistance to these efforts, the author asks whether and why Trump supporters are more likely than other Americans to oppose social justice efforts. Analysis of a proportionally representative, postelection survey ( n = 1,151) reveals that Trump suppo…
Engineers and Engineeresses? Self-conceptions and the Development of Gendered Professional Identities
Do men and women in the same field develop different professional identities? This paper theoretically articulates and empirically explores a mechanism of such gendering: Self-conceptions may filter the identity traits emphasized by professional cultures so that only traits consistent with one's self-conceptions are likely to be adopted into one's professional identity. As such, systematic gender differences in self-conceptions may be relayed int…
Not Just a Mothers' Problem
Flexibility bias and the 'ideal worker' norm pose serious disadvantages for working mothers. But, are mothers the only ones harmed by these norms? We argue that these norms can be harmful for all workers, even 'ideal' ones-men without caregiving responsibilities who have never used flexible work arrangements. We investigate how working in an environment where workers perceive flexibility bias affects their job attitudes and work-life spillover. U…
What fosters concern for inequality among American adolescents
Unsettled Employment, Reshuffled Priorities? Career Prioritization among College-Educated Workers Facing Employment Instability during Covid-19
Millions of workers experienced job instability during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. A prevailing assumption is that such experiences of instability intensify economic rationality in workers' career decision making as a matter of course. In contrast, the authors argue that pandemic-related employment instability may have 'unsettled' workers' lives in ways that elevated nonfinancial priorities such as meaningful work. Using pro…
Lowering Their Meritocratic Blinders
White men will be allies in addressing workplace racism and sexism only to the extent they recognize that such bias exists and are willing to act. This article proposes a novel factor in white men’s bias recognition and reporting: their own negative treatment at work. Expanding the underdog thesis, the author argues that white men who experience harassment (e.g., physical intimidation) are more likely to recognize and report workplace race and ge…
Epistemological Dominance and Social Inequality
Can epistemologies anchor processes of social inequality? In this paper, we consider how epistemological dominance in science, engineering, and health (SE&H) fields perpetuates disadvantages for students who enter higher education with alternative epistemologies. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Native American students enrolled at two US research universities who adhere to or revere indigenous epistemologies, we find that epistemological domi…
How Economics Shapes Science
The importance of inclusive climate within the research group, department, and profession for marginalized science scholars’ career outcomes
Perceiving Glass Ceilings? Meritocratic versus Structural Explanations of Gender Inequality among Women in Science and Technology
Americans often rely on meritocratic ideologies rather than structural factors to explain unequal labor market outcomes, but we know little about how such beliefs are contingent upon individuals' social locations. Taking advantage of unique survey data, this article examines how gender inequality in professional advancement is explained among successful women professionals in science, technology, and allied fields—an employment arena potentially …
Navigating the heteronormativity of engineering
While much is known about the experiences of women and racial/ethnic minorities in male-dominated fields such as engineering, the experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identifying individuals remain unstudied. Our article breaks this silence with an exploratory study of the ways LGB students at a major research university in the western United States both experience and navigate the climate of their engineering college. Based on intervi…
Effects of Formal and Informal Support Structures on the Motivation of Native American Students in Nursing
Native Americans have traditionally been underrepresented in nursing. The authors surveyed 19 undergraduate nursing students participating in a university sponsored Native American nursing student support program and examined which social support factors influenced the students' success. Using validated quantitative measures from social psychology, the authors found that overall perceived social support, as well as support from the university spo…
Professional Role Confidence and Gendered Persistence in Engineering
Social psychological research on gendered persistence in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professions is dominated by two explanations: women leave because they perceive their family plans to be at odds with demands of STEM careers, and women leave due to low self-assessment of their skills in STEM's intellectual tasks, net of their performance. This study uses original panel data to examine behavioral and intentional pers…
Ideological Wage Inequalities? The Technical/Social Dualism and the Gender Wage Gap in Engineering
Can professional cultures contribute to wage inequality? Recent literature has demonstrated how widely held cultural biases reproduce ascriptive inequalities in the workforce, but cultural belief systems within professions have largely been ignored as mechanisms of intra-profession inequality. I argue that cultural ideologies about professional work, which may seem benign and have little salience outside of a profession’s boundaries, play an impo…
How Economics Shapes Science
The Self-Expressive Edge of Occupational Sex Segregation
Recent gender scholarship speculates that occupational sex segregation is reproduced in large part through the gendered, self-expressive career decisions of men and women. This article examines the effects of college students’ expression of their self-conceptions on their likelihood of entering occupations with a high or low proportion of women and theorizes the consequences of this mechanism for gender inequality. The author uses unique longitud…
Giving back or giving up
Native Americans are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers. We examine communal goal incongruence-the mismatch between students' emphasis on communal work goals and the noncommunal culture of STEM-as a possible factor in this underrepresentation. First, we surveyed 80 Native American STEM freshmen and found they more highly endorsed communal goals than individualistic work goals. Next, we surveyed 96 Native…
Who likes math where? Gender differences in eighth-graders’ attitudes around the world
Some of the most male-dominated science, technology, engineering and mathematics occupations and degree programmes are found in the world’s most affluent societies. This article assesses whether gender gaps in attitudes follow similarly surprising patterns. Multivariate analysis of eighth-graders’ affinity for mathematics and aspirations for mathematically related jobs in 53 countries shows that the attitudinal gender gap is indeed larger in affl…
Culture of Disengagement in Engineering Education
Much has been made of the importance of training ethical, socially conscious engineers, but does US engineering education actually encourage neophytes to take seriously their professional responsibility to public welfare? Counter to such ideals of engagement, I argue that students' interest in public welfare concerns may actually decline over the course of their engineering education. Using unique longitudinal survey data of students at four coll…
Consequences of Flexibility Stigma Among Academic Scientists and Engineers
Flexibility stigma, the devaluation of workers who seek or are presumed to need flexible work arrangements, fosters a mismatch between workplace demands and the needs of professionals. The authors survey 'ideal workers'-science, technology, engineering, and math faculty at a top research university-to determine the consequences of working in an environment with flexibility stigma. Those who report this stigma have lower intentions to persist, wor…
Engineers and Engineeresses? Self-conceptions and the Development of Gendered Professional Identities
Do men and women in the same field develop different professional identities? This paper theoretically articulates and empirically explores a mechanism of such gendering: Self-conceptions may filter the identity traits emphasized by professional cultures so that only traits consistent with one's self-conceptions are likely to be adopted into one's professional identity. As such, systematic gender differences in self-conceptions may be relayed int…
Recognizing chilliness
Demands and Devotion
How do cultural meanings influence how people experience work‐life demands? Much research, especially quantitative research, on the effects of structural work and family conditions does not account for employees’ cultural beliefs about the meaning of work in their lives. This article uses unique survey data to investigate the effects of employee embrace of elements of the “work devotion schema”—a cultural model that valorizes intense career commi…
Mechanism or Myth
Occupational gender segregation is an obdurate feature of gender inequality in the United States The 'family plans thesis'-the belief that women and men deliberately adjust their early career decisions to accommodate their anticipated family roles-is a common theoretical explanation of this segregation in the social sciences and in popular discourse. But do young men and women actually account for their family plans when making occupational choic…
Persistence Is Cultural
Why does sex segregation in professional occupations persist? Arguing that the cultures and practices of professional socialization serve to perpetuate this segregation, the authors examine the case of engineering. Using interview and diary entry data following students from college entry to graduation, the authors show how socialization leads women to develop less confidence that they will 'fit' into the culture of engineering. The authors ident…
Queer in STEM Organizations
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in U.S. workplaces often face disadvantages in pay, promotion, and inclusion and emergent research suggests that these disadvantages may be particularly pernicious within science and engineering environments. However, no research has systematically examined whether LGBT employees indeed encounter disadvantages in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) organizations. Using repres…
Epistemological Dominance and Social Inequality
Can epistemologies anchor processes of social inequality? In this paper, we consider how epistemological dominance in science, engineering, and health (SE&H) fields perpetuates disadvantages for students who enter higher education with alternative epistemologies. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Native American students enrolled at two US research universities who adhere to or revere indigenous epistemologies, we find that epistemological domi…
Rugged Meritocratists
Opposition to social justice efforts plays a key role in reproducing social inequalities in the United States. Focusing on supporters of Donald Trump as a possible exemplar of politically structured resistance to these efforts, the author asks whether and why Trump supporters are more likely than other Americans to oppose social justice efforts. Analysis of a proportionally representative, postelection survey ( n = 1,151) reveals that Trump suppo…
Like second-hand smoke
As many workers struggle to reconcile their personal and work responsibilities, scholars have called on organizations to redesign and redefine workplace structures and cultures. One pernicious feature of today’s organizations is workplace flexibility bias, workers’ sense that they will face career consequences for making schedule adjustments for family or personal reasons. Expanding the theoretical and empirical understanding of this bias, we ask…
What fosters concern for inequality among American adolescents
“I am Not a Feminist, but. . .”
Engineering is often described as an enduring bastion of masculine culture where women experience marginality. Using diaries from undergraduate engineering students at four universities, the authors explore women’s interpretations of their status within the profession. The authors’ findings show that women recognize their marginality, providing clear and strong criticisms of their experiences. But these criticisms remain isolated and muted; they …
Not Just a Mothers' Problem
Flexibility bias and the 'ideal worker' norm pose serious disadvantages for working mothers. But, are mothers the only ones harmed by these norms? We argue that these norms can be harmful for all workers, even 'ideal' ones-men without caregiving responsibilities who have never used flexible work arrangements. We investigate how working in an environment where workers perceive flexibility bias affects their job attitudes and work-life spillover. U…
The changing career trajectories of new parents in STEM
Significance Why are women still underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) jobs? Social processes beyond individual preferences may shape the STEM employment trajectories of new mothers and new fathers differently. Using representative US longitudinal survey data, we followed full-time STEM professionals after the birth or adoption of their first child. We found substantial attrition of new parents; nearly one-half of …
Cultural Processes of Ethnoracial Disadvantage among Native American College Students
Although indigenous populations have been subjected to some of the worst forms of institutionalized oppression in the United States, little social science research has sought to understand the day-to-day ethnoracial biases that contemporary Native American populations face. Seeking to expand this knowledge, we present a theoretical framework of the cultural processes of ethnoracial disadvantage experienced by Native American students in predomina…
Psychology (26 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Career Development and Diversity (17 obras) · Gender Diversity and Inequality (17 obras) · Social Psychology (17 obras) · Gender Studies (15 obras) · Inequality (12 obras) · Economics (10 obras) · Social Psychology (8 obras)