John K Cochran
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 178628 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John K Cochran |
| NOMBRES | John K |
| APELLIDO | Cochran |
| FIRMA | COCHRAN J K |
| AFILIACIONES | University of South Florida |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5227-1564 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 80 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 854 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 80 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1985 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 18 |
Public Stigma toward Adult Survivors of Adverse Childhood Experiences
Violations of Emergent Norms Regarding Covid-19 Mitigation and Social Hygiene
This study examines self-reported violations of emergent norms and regulations regarding COVID-19 mitigation and social hygiene practices among a sample of high school students randomly selected from public schools in Rasht, Iran. The study seeks to explain these COVID-19 ordinance violations through the application of Agnew’s general integrated theory of crime. Findings demonstrate that life domains, motivations, and constraints have a direct ef…
Low Self-Control, Expected Utility, and Intimate Partner Violence
This study examines the extent if any by which the effect of low selfcontrol on crime is mediated by assessments of the costs and benefits of crime. It examines this idea with self-report survey data on intimate partner violence. The findings reveal that the effect of low self-control is partially mediated by the respondents’ cost considerations but not by their assessments of the anticipated benefits of intimate partner violence. While expected …
A Test of the Association Between Racial Economic Threat and Racial Disparities in Jail Incarceration Across Counties in the United States
According to Blalock’s racial threat theory, “threat” posed by minority populations to majority populations leads to racial disparities in formal social control, such as incarceration. Economic threat occurs when the Black population has the economic resources to compete with the White population for jobs, wages, and housing. The majority reacts by increasing formal social control against minorities. Blalock further predicted that the relationshi…
Can Social Concern Theory Explain Quarantine-Related Misbehavior During the Covid-19 Pandemic? An Inquiry in the Urban Context of Iran
The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated quarantines in many urban settings, and rules have been enforced to ensure that citizens are complying with health-related mandates. However, anecdotal and empirical evidence confirm the prevalence of policy transgressions. Non-compliance with COVID-19 mandates can have severe consequences for individual health, societal fear, and the global economy. Thus, it is important to better understand the etiology of…
Online Harassment
The current study employs a construct from the criminological literature, thoughtfully reflective decision-making (TRDM), to understand cyber offenders’ decision-making and offer relevant insights to prevent online harassment. Using a sample of Iranian high school students ( N = 366), we employ OLS and SEM to test whether and how TRDM, perceived deterrence, and prior victimization influence the most common forms of online harassment: cyberbullyin…
Exploring the effects on capital punishment sentencing of aggravating and mitigating factors that are not accepted
Capital Punishment Trials of Youthful Offenders
In the 2005 Roper v. Simmons decision, the Supreme Court determined that capital punishment, the death penalty, was not appropriate for offenders under the age of 18. The Court accepted the argument that juveniles are less blameworthy than adult offenders due to differences in their cognitive abilities and the influence of factors outside of their control, such as household dysfunction or the existence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Rec…
Profiles of Death Penalty Attitudes
Objectives This study examines the heterogeneity in the demographic, normative, and experiential features of those who support, oppose, and are undecided on capital punishment to determine the complexity of characteristics that exist beyond the "averages." This study also evaluates macro-level changes in death penalty supporter, opposer, and undecided sub-types in the U.S. over time
Ethnic Diversity, Ethnic Polarization, and Incarceration Rates
Recent political rhetoric both in the U.S. and abroad has drawn renewed attention to racial and ethnic conflict, state power, and punishment. The salience of minority group conflict on incarceration is well established in theory and research in the U.S. This study explores whether racial/ethnic composition explains incarceration rates throughout the world, rather than being a peculiarity of the U.S. It also evaluates the functional form of these …
Aggressive spectators in sporting milieus
Violence among spectators in sports is a global phenomenon posing hazards for players, match officials, and other participants. Despite its widespread prevalence, scant criminological research has investigated the matter. To fill this void, this study examines the predictive efficacy of key theoretical constructs derived from Situational Action Theory on aggressive behaviour among a sample of 384 soccer spectators in Iran. Results reveal that cri…
Self-Control and Intimate Partner Violence
The present study focuses on the interrelationships among gender, self-control, and intimate partner violence (IPV). The extant bodies of literature suggest that both IPV and low self-control are gendered phenomena. That is, males tend to display lower mean levels of self-control than females, and there are notable differences in IPV between males and females. Since both phenomena are gendered, it is plausible that the relationship between self-c…
Personal Control and Antisocial Coaching
Although the study of sports deviance has gained traction across a variety of academic disciplines, existing research often lacks theoretical guidance and ignores criminological insight. To fill this gap in the literature, the current study employs structural equation modeling to test the efficacy of self-control and control balance theory in explaining antisocial coaching behaviors among a sample of 196 Iranian soccer coaches. Results indicate t…
Performance-Enhancing Drug Use Among Professional Athletes
This article tests Akers’s social learning theory with self-reported panel data on performance-enhancing drug (PED) use among a sample of professional athletes ( n = 510). Using latent growth curve modeling we find that intraindividual differences exist in the developmental growth trajectories of PED use and the social learning process. Specifically, both PED use and the social learning process increase over time, while those who begin with high …
A Longitudinal Study of Fan Aggression
This paper employs panel data on Iranian soccer fan hooliganism (i.e., verbal and physical aggression against rivals) to provide a longitudinal test of Agnew’s general strain theory. Structural equation models reveal that the experience of strain, a latent variable comprised of negative life events, victimization, bullying, and economic pressures, is positively associated with fan aggression. Moreover, the effects of these strains are both direct…
Juveniles arrested for murder
Researchers and practitioners have a need for valid and generalizable typologies of juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) to better understand the heterogeneous nature of JHOs, and use this knowledge to inform prevention efforts. Prior studies of JHOs have typically utilized a clinical approach, which is rich in data but based on small nonrepresentative samples, or relied on larger aggregate datasets which are more reliable but have few measures ava…
Aggression in Soccer Fan's
Aggression involving sports fans has long been acknowledged, however it is only recently that researchers have applied criminological theory to gain a better understanding of the behavior. The current study employs Social Learning Theory as a means of understanding how deviant behavior is influenced by differential association, differential reinforcement, imitation, and definitions in the context of sports fans. Survey data from 372 soccer fans a…
Cyberbullying against Rivals
We apply key theoretical concepts derived from, and test the predictive efficiency of, situational action theory on sports fans' decision to engage in cyberbullying perpetration against rivals. To do so, we employ self-report data from a random sample of 508 students from an Iranian university. Ordinary least squares regression is used to analyze these data. In accordance with situational action theory's propositions, both crime propensity and cr…
An Integrated Model of Athletes' PED Use
The use of performance-enhancing drugs (PED) in sports is an important social issue. This is particularly true given the recent high-profile doping incidents from a multitude of professional athletic competitions around the world. Because of the numerous individual, team, and socio-political consequences that can stem from sports doping, it has become vital to explore the etiology of PED use among athletes. As such, Gottfredson and Hirschi's gene…
Race/Ethnicity and the Effects of Prior Case Outcomes on Current Dispositions
This study draws upon the labeling perspective to examine whether there are patterns of continuity and/or change in the severity of juvenile court dispositions, and if these patterns vary by race/ethnicity. Using data on youth referred five times to the Pennsylvania Department of Juvenile Justice between 2000 and 2010 (n = 9089), we examine the presence of latent trajectories of sanction severity across referrals, and whether youth with statistic…
An examination of the effects of mental disorders as mitigating factors on capital sentencing outcomes
Mentally ill and emotionally disturbed offenders comprise a significant component of those whose criminal conduct has swept them into the criminal justice system, including a subset who are tried and convicted of capital murder. The present study employs the population of capital cases advanced to penalty phase in the state of North Carolina (1990–2009) to examine whether presentation to the jury of the statutory mitigators of extreme mental and …
A Social Learning Model of Antisocial Coaching Behavior
Studies of antisocial behavior in sports are important, although most lack a theoretical framework. The current study examines the endorsement of antisocial behavior in a sample of coaches using social learning theory. This features a survey of 268 Head Coaches and Assistant Coaches in the Tehran Provincial League, Iran. Results indicate that differential association, differential reinforcement, definitions, and imitation have a significant impac…
Religion, Prejudicial Beliefs toward Sexual Minorities and Same-Sex Relations, and Opposition to Same-Sex Marriage
This study employs data from the NORC General Social Surveys to assess the extent, if any, to which the effects of both religious affiliation and personal religiosity on opposition to same-sex marriage are attenuated once effects for prejudice against same-sex relations (hate the sin) and prejudice against sexual minorities (hate the sinner) are controlled. Our results show that an initially robust set of affiliation and religiosity effects are s…
Performance Enhancing Drug Use Among Professional Athletes
Doping, or performance enhancing drug use, has long been a social and health problem among athletes. Despite the issues associated with doping and the illegality of using these drugs, little criminological research has examined why athletes engage in this deviant behavior. The present study seeks to do so by applying key theoretical concepts derived from, and testing the predictive efficiency of, situational action theory on professional athletes…
A Longitudinal Study of Iranian Fans' Cyberbullying
This study presents a longitudinal test of Akers' Social Learning Theory. To do so, a sample of Iranian soccer fans were followed across three annual waves of data collection from which a self-report survey specifically designed to test the theory was administered. Respondents were asked to indicate the frequency of their involvement in cyberbullying directed toward rival fans, players, and coaches. The longitudinal nature of these data permitted…
Academic dishonesty and low self-control
This study uses academic dishonesty as a unique type of fraudulent behavior upon which to test Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime. The study utilizes self‐report data from a survey of undergraduate students enrolled in sociology courses at a large southwestern university. With these data, the authors examine a number of the core theoretical propositions of Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory. That is, we test issues concerning the dim…
Assessing Messner and Rosenfeld's Institutional Anomie Theory
In Crime and the American Dream, Messner and Rosenfeld contend that culturally and structurally produced pressures to secure monetary rewards, coupled with weak controls from noneconomic social institutions, promote high levels of instrumental crime. Empirically, they suggest that the effects of economic conditions on profit‐related crime depend on the strength of noneconomic institutions. This investigation evaluates this proposition with cross‐…
Adolescent marijuana use
Social learning theory, social bonding theory, and anomie (strain) theory are tested with survey data on adolescent drug use. Social learning theory is strongly supported, social bonding bonding theory receives some support, and anomie receives little support. Types of theoretical integration are reviewed, and the conceptual overlap between social learning and bonding theories is shown
Social Altruism and Crime
Drawing on the theoretical statements of Braithwaite (1989), Cullen (1994), Messner and Rosenfeld (1994), this research examines the influence of social altruism on the level of crime for a sample of U.S. cities. The multivariate analyses clearly indicate that the ratio of contributions to the United Way to aggregate city income, a behavioral approximation of the cultural value of altruism, is inversely related to property and violent crime rates…
The Influence of Religion on Attitudes toward Nonmarital Sexuality
Prior research on the relationship between religion and/or religiosity and nonmarital sexuality (i.e., premarital, extramarital, and homosexual relations) has found an inverse relationship with enough consistency to qualify as an empirical generalization. However, while parsimonious, such a generalization is overly simplistic. Moreover, the research findings on which this generalization is based were biased by specification errors due to the empl…
Render Unto Caesar What Is Caesar's
Previous research on the relationship between religiosity and involvement in illegal behavior overlooks Hirschi and Stark's original concern with religion as a sanctioning system. While Hirschi and Stark proposed that religion affects compliance with the law by promising heaven and threatening damnation, this study suggests that its sanctions are self-imposed shame and socially-imposed embarrassment. Shame and embarrassment are compatible with a …
General Strain Theory and the Relationship Between Early Victimization and Drug Use
This study uses general strain theory to examine the direct and indirect relationship between early victimization and drug use. Few previous studies measure strain as victimization. Also, past studies tend to combine drug use measures with delinquency measures. This study expands this research by operationalizing strain as early victimization and using measures of both frequency and onset of drug use. National Survey of Adolescents data is used t…
Social Learning Theory and Partner Violence
Despite being a well-established area of inquiry, the study of intimate partner violence and aggression is limited by a lack of theoretical development. In this study we show how the key theoretical elements of two of the more prominent explanations for partner violence, intergenerational transmission theory and male peer support theory, are easily subsumed by Akers' social learning theory. We then test the explanatory power and scope of social l…
Fear of Crime and Victimization Among the Elderly in Different Types of Communities
The central issue examined here is the effect that community setting, relative to other factors, has on victimization and fear of crime among the elderly. Findings are from 1,410 in‐home interviews in two retirement communities (age homogeneous) and two age‐heterogeneous communities. Victimization of elderly is low in all communities, and although nearly half of the respondents have some fear of crime, the percentage reporting great fear of crime…
Moral Messages
This article examines the use and misuse of alcohol across religious denominations. After controlling for standard sociodemographic variables, we find that the impact of religiosity on alcohol use is greatest among those denominations taking a strong stand against its consumption, mainly because religion constitutes a significant reference group for members. We also find that religiosity fails to influence misuse, and discuss the possible reasons…
Deterrence or Brutalization? An Impact Assessment of Oklahoma's Return to Capital Punishment
On September 10, 1990 Charles Troy Coleman was put to death by lethal injection at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary. Coleman's execution was the first in the state in more than 25 years, generating significant media coverage and providing a unique opportunity to assess the impact of the state's return to executing capital offenders. Interrupted time‐series analyses are performed with weekly data from the UCR Supplemental Homicide Reports for the s…
The enduring racial divide in death penalty support
Religiosity and alcohol behavior
Nonsocial Reinforcement and Habitual Criminal Conduct
Drawing on a diverse literature, we explain how criminal behavior is maintained through a process of nonsocial reinforcement, and show that some persons find criminal behavior particularly rewarding. We test our assumptions using surveys of 295 incarcerated adult felons and 150 male college students and intensive focus groups with 40 habitual offenders currently serving time. Results suggest that the experience of committing nonviolent and, parti…
The Effect of Religiosity on Secular and Ascetic Deviance
Basing their ideas on the distinction between ascetic and secular ethical standards as originally suggested by Middleton and Putney (1962), Burkett and White (1974) claim that only where secular values are ambiguous in defining an activity as wrong is the effect of religiosity expected to have any salient impact on inhibiting deviance. That is, non-ascetic behaviors such as premarital sex and substance use, which are not consistently disapproved …
Direct and Vicarious Violent Victimization and Juvenile Delinquency
Using a national probability sample of adolescents (12-17), this study applies general strain theory to how violent victimization, vicarious violent victimization, and dual violent victimization affect juvenile violent/property crime and drug use. In addition, the mediating effect and moderating effect of depression, low social control, and delinquent peer association on the victimization-delinquency relationship is also examined. Based on SEM an…
Repetitive Intimate Partner Victimization
The research literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) has documented a number of poignant facts that serve as the foundation for this study. First, IPV is prevalent, frequent, and often repetitive. Moreover, repetitive violence within an intimate relationship tends to escalate over time, both in its frequency of occurrence and in its severity. We also know that decisions to leave the relationship do not guarantee that the violence will end. …
The gender gap in death penalty support
Religion, Religiosity, and Nonmarital Sexual Conduct
The research reported within examines two hypotheses derived from reference group theory regarding the inverse effects of religiosity on the prevalence of premarital, extramarital, and homosexual relations across faith groups. The first hypothesis asserts that the strength of these inverse religiosity effects varies systematically across faith groups, such that as religious proscriptiveness increases, the effect of religiosity increases. The seco…
Cyberbullying perpetration
To test social learning theory's ability to explain Iranian sports fans' decision to engage in cyberbullying perpetration against rivals, a random sample of 464 students from an Iranian university is employed. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze these data. Findings suggest that cyberbullying against rivals is significantly predicted by differential association, definitions, imitation, and differential reinforcement. In addition, diff…
Social Learning Theory and Alcohol Behavior Among the Elderly
Research directly testing Akers's social learning theory has been thus far confined to teenage drug, drinking, and smoking behavior. This study extends the application of social learning theory to older adults' alcohol behavior. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews of 1,410 people sixty years of age or over living in New Jersey and Florida in either retirement (age homogeneous) or age-integrated communities. A social learning model …
Moral Propensity, Setting, and Choice
Wikström's Situational Action Theory (2004) proposes that deviant acts are the product of a series of interactions between individual- and situational-level causal factors: (1) individuals' moral propensity interacts with situational temptations/provocations to determine which action alternatives are available, (2) individuals' self-control and situational deterrence interact to influence the choice of action taken. The present study uses self-re…
Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law
Harold G. Grasmick, Karyl Kinsey, John K. Cochran, Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law: A Study of Adults, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 99-107
Shame, Embarrassment, and Formal Sanction Threats
Following the lead of Grasmick and Bursik (1990), we propose that significant others and conscience both function as agents of social control to deter illicit behavior in a manner similar to that provided by the law and more formal, bureaucratic organizations. All three-conscience, significant others, and formal organizations-entail potential threats and costs (i.e., shame, embarrassment, and formal sanctions). Actors consider these potential thr…
Religiosity, Social Class, and Alcohol Use
This paper illustrates how religiosity influences behavior in everyday life by investigating the linkages among religiosity, social class, and alcohol consumption. Reference group theory provides a theoretical basis for understanding these linkages
Adolescent marijuana use
Social learning theory, social bonding theory, and anomie (strain) theory are tested with survey data on adolescent drug use. Social learning theory is strongly supported, social bonding bonding theory receives some support, and anomie receives little support. Types of theoretical integration are reviewed, and the conceptual overlap between social learning and bonding theories is shown
Fear of Crime and Victimization Among the Elderly in Different Types of Communities
The central issue examined here is the effect that community setting, relative to other factors, has on victimization and fear of crime among the elderly. Findings are from 1,410 in‐home interviews in two retirement communities (age homogeneous) and two age‐heterogeneous communities. Victimization of elderly is low in all communities, and although nearly half of the respondents have some fear of crime, the percentage reporting great fear of crime…
Moral Messages
This article examines the use and misuse of alcohol across religious denominations. After controlling for standard sociodemographic variables, we find that the impact of religiosity on alcohol use is greatest among those denominations taking a strong stand against its consumption, mainly because religion constitutes a significant reference group for members. We also find that religiosity fails to influence misuse, and discuss the possible reasons…
Religiosity and alcohol behavior
The Effect of Religiosity on Secular and Ascetic Deviance
Basing their ideas on the distinction between ascetic and secular ethical standards as originally suggested by Middleton and Putney (1962), Burkett and White (1974) claim that only where secular values are ambiguous in defining an activity as wrong is the effect of religiosity expected to have any salient impact on inhibiting deviance. That is, non-ascetic behaviors such as premarital sex and substance use, which are not consistently disapproved …
Beyond Hellfire
Since its original formulation in 1969 by Hirschi and Stark, the Hellfire hypothesis has undergone several significant revisions. This hypothesis asserts that involvement in deviant behavior is inversely related to religiosity. Early revisions of this hypothesis stressed the importance of religiosity on violations of ascetic norms over violations of secular norms. More recent revisions have stressed the interactive effects of religiosity and cont…
Social Learning Theory and Alcohol Behavior Among the Elderly
Research directly testing Akers's social learning theory has been thus far confined to teenage drug, drinking, and smoking behavior. This study extends the application of social learning theory to older adults' alcohol behavior. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews of 1,410 people sixty years of age or over living in New Jersey and Florida in either retirement (age homogeneous) or age-integrated communities. A social learning model …
Another look at delinquency and religiosity
A homogeneous effects logistic regression technique for ordinal response dependent variables is employed to test the relationships between religiosity and several forms of delinquent behavior. This technique permits a test of the Hellfire hypothesis originally argued by Hirschi and Stark (1969). The data for this analysis are based on self‐reports from a sample of 3,065 male and female adolescents in grades seven through twelve in three Midwester…
Religious change and alcohol use
Religiosity, Social Class, and Alcohol Use
This paper illustrates how religiosity influences behavior in everyday life by investigating the linkages among religiosity, social class, and alcohol consumption. Reference group theory provides a theoretical basis for understanding these linkages
Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law
Harold G. Grasmick, Karyl Kinsey, John K. Cochran, Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law: A Study of Adults, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Mar., 1991), pp. 99-107
The Influence of Religion on Attitudes toward Nonmarital Sexuality
Prior research on the relationship between religion and/or religiosity and nonmarital sexuality (i.e., premarital, extramarital, and homosexual relations) has found an inverse relationship with enough consistency to qualify as an empirical generalization. However, while parsimonious, such a generalization is overly simplistic. Moreover, the research findings on which this generalization is based were biased by specification errors due to the empl…
Render Unto Caesar What Is Caesar's
Previous research on the relationship between religiosity and involvement in illegal behavior overlooks Hirschi and Stark's original concern with religion as a sanctioning system. While Hirschi and Stark proposed that religion affects compliance with the law by promising heaven and threatening damnation, this study suggests that its sanctions are self-imposed shame and socially-imposed embarrassment. Shame and embarrassment are compatible with a …
Time Aggregation and Time Lag in Macro‐level Deterrence Research
Recent arguments in research on individual‐level deterrence suggest that the effect of perceived sanction risk on illegal behavior might occur over a shorter time period than the yearly lags typically incorporated in panel studies. This study raises the same issue for macro‐level deterrence research by suggesting that panel studies using yearly data might have failed to capture the deterrent effect. The analysis uses ARIMA models with data aggreg…
The Influence of Religious Stability and Homogamy on the Relationship between Religiosity and Alcohol Use among Protestants
John K. Cochran, Leonard Beeghley, E. Wilbur Bock, The Influence of Religious Stability and Homogamy on the Relationship between Religiosity and Alcohol Use among Protestants, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 31, No. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 441-456
Religion, punitive justice, and support for the death penalty
The increased punitiveness in the criminal justice system, stimulated at least to some extent by public opinion, has coincided with the revival of Protestant evangelicalism and fundamentalism and with their followers' active involvement in politics and policy debates. Previous research on the determinants of preferred justice policies in the public either ignored religion or relied on a simple distinction among Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. T…
Is the Religiosity-Delinquency Relationship Spurious? A Test of Arousal and Social Control Theories
Criminologists have long observed an inverse relationship between personal religiosity and self-reported delinquency. However, some scholars would argue that the observed relationship is spurious. Two claims of spuriousness dominate. First, arousal theory argues that individuals vary in their demand for arousal. Those requiring high levels of stimulation are said to be bored with church but aroused by delinquency. Likewise, those who require less…
Deterrence or Brutalization? An Impact Assessment of Oklahoma's Return to Capital Punishment
On September 10, 1990 Charles Troy Coleman was put to death by lethal injection at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary. Coleman's execution was the first in the state in more than 25 years, generating significant media coverage and providing a unique opportunity to assess the impact of the state's return to executing capital offenders. Interrupted time‐series analyses are performed with weekly data from the UCR Supplemental Homicide Reports for the s…
The sanctuary movement and the smuggling of undocumented Central Americans into the United States
We introduce the concept of defiant behavior: actions that, although often defined politically as crime, are defined by their actors as necessary, legitimate, and morally appropriate. We then link this concept to two distinct substantive subfields of sociology: (1) criminology and the sociology of deviance and social control, and (2) political sociology and the sociology of social movements. A review of the literature on organized defiance sugges…
Assessing Messner and Rosenfeld's Institutional Anomie Theory
In Crime and the American Dream, Messner and Rosenfeld contend that culturally and structurally produced pressures to secure monetary rewards, coupled with weak controls from noneconomic social institutions, promote high levels of instrumental crime. Empirically, they suggest that the effects of economic conditions on profit‐related crime depend on the strength of noneconomic institutions. This investigation evaluates this proposition with cross‐…
God Helps Those Who Help Themselves
Few studies in recent sociological literature include detailed analysis of how religious affiliation and religiosity affect perceptions of the poor. In this paper, data from the 1986 GSS Factorial Survey Supplement are used to examine the effects of religious affiliation and religiosity on generosity toward poor families, and on factors which affect such generosity. The analysis suggests that religious affiliation has a strong relationship with l…
Reply to Jensen
Religious Stability, Endogamy, and the Effects of Personal Religiosity on Attitudes toward Abortion
The influence of religion on attitudes toward abortion is now a well-studied phenomenon. Past research has consistently shown that religious affiliation and personal religiosity are related to abortion attitudes. In this study, we have extended the extant literature by examining variation in the effect of personal religiosity on attitudes toward abortion across faith groups and across contexts of religious stability/change and endogamy/exogamy. U…
Nonsocial Reinforcement and Habitual Criminal Conduct
Drawing on a diverse literature, we explain how criminal behavior is maintained through a process of nonsocial reinforcement, and show that some persons find criminal behavior particularly rewarding. We test our assumptions using surveys of 295 incarcerated adult felons and 150 male college students and intensive focus groups with 40 habitual offenders currently serving time. Results suggest that the experience of committing nonviolent and, parti…
Social Altruism and Crime
Drawing on the theoretical statements of Braithwaite (1989), Cullen (1994), Messner and Rosenfeld (1994), this research examines the influence of social altruism on the level of crime for a sample of U.S. cities. The multivariate analyses clearly indicate that the ratio of contributions to the United Way to aggregate city income, a behavioral approximation of the cultural value of altruism, is inversely related to property and violent crime rates…
Psychology (77 obras) · Social Psychology (70 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (47 obras) · Social Psychology (41 obras) · Criminology (40 obras) · Sociology (36 obras) · Political science (27 obras) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (23 obras) · Developmental psychology (23 obras) · Law (20 obras)