John G Adair
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 182121 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | John G Adair |
| NOMBRES | John G |
| APELLIDO | Adair |
| FIRMA | ADAIR J G |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Manitoba |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 25 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 39 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 25 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1951 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Latest Contributions to Cross-Cultural Psychology
Internationalization of Psychological Research
We undertook this study to assess whether trends toward declining U.S. dominance and increasing international authorship exist in psychology journals. We collected data on the national affiliations of authors in 16 primary and 3 secondary journals from the United States, and 4 international journals published over 3 decades. Although analyses showed the United States continued to dominate overall and in most specialties, there were significant de…
Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Meaning in the Evaluation of Events in World History
The universality versus culture specificity of quantitative evaluations (negative-positive) of 40 events in world history was addressed using World History Survey data collected from 5,800 university students in 30 countries/societies. Multidimensional scaling using generalized procrustean analysis indicated poor fit of data from the 30 countries to an overall mean configuration, indicating lack of universal agreement as to the associational mean…
Perspectives and Progress in Contemporary Cross-Cultural Psychology
With Some
The explosion of knowledge, references, and citations
The knowledge explosion has created enormous difficulties for researchers to be aware of, access, and process the volume of new literature. Electronic literature retrieval systems and specialization on narrow topics have been strategies used to cope with these problems. In this study, the authors examined the additional effects of the knowledge explosion on researchers' writing, referencing, and citing. Counts of references within sampled empiric…
Life Satisfaction of Indian Immigrants in Canada
It is a common conception that immigrants face numerous problems and considerable stress in the process of adjustment to a new culture. The life satisfaction of immigrants from India was assessed using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985). As predicted by judgment theory (Micholas, 1986), it was found that Indian immigrants judge their own well-being in comparison to relevant others, such as their peers back home, the majority w…
Indigenous Psychologies
La signification des concepts de psychologie indigoène et d'indigoénisation, les processus par lesquels ils se réalisent, est exploré dans les quatres premiers articles de ce numéro spécial. Les concepts sont examinés tout d' abord à partir des perspectives plus larges de la psychologie sociale des sciences (Adair) et la psychologie interculturelle (Poortinga), ainsi que dans deux applications concrètes des approches de psychologie indignée au Me…
Indigenization and Development of the Discipline
Surveys were conducted of the attitudes and opinions of Indian and Bangladeshi psychologists. A series of questions assessed their perceptions of the intellectual climate within universities, their research publication preferences and practices within both national and foreign journals, and the communality of their opinions regarding research priorities and practices within their national psychology. Differences between countries, and within-samp…
Research on research ethics
Research on research ethics
Ethical regulations and their impact on research practice
Ethical regulations and their impact on research practice
The Hawthorne effect
Reviews the literature on the Hawthorne effect (HE) which originated out of the studies at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company. This effect is generally defined as the problem in field experiments that Ss' knowledge that they are in an experiment modifies their behavior from what it would have been without the knowledge. An examination of the Hawthorne studies conducted 50 yrs ago does not reveal this “effect” probably because the…
Avoiding artifact in the search for bias
Where is the source of artifact? Subject roles or hypothesis learning
Meaning of the situation to subjects
Meaning of the situation to subjects
Subjects' Access to Cognitive Processes
The present paper examines the arguments and data presented by Nisbett and Wilson (1977a; 1977b; Wilson & Nisbett, 1978) relevant to their thesis that subjects do not have access to their own cognitive processes. It is concluded that their review of previous research is selective and incomplete and that the data they present in behalf of their thesis does not withstand a demand characteristics analysis. Furthermore, their use of observer‐subject …
Effect of Experimenter's Expectancy in Relation to Type and Structure of the Experimental Task
The present studies sought to investigate variables related to the mediation of the experimenter's expectancy effect and the generality of this phenomenon. It was hypothesized that the type of experimental task, defined by the presence or absence of factual or emotional components, and the structure of the task, defined by the ambiguity which the subject faces in making the judgments required of him, exert a moderating influence on the transmissi…
A reexamination of the faithful subject role
To cooperate or to look good
Coerced versus volunteer subjects
Verbal Cues in the Mediation of Experimenter Bias
In a replication of Rosenthal's experimenter bias study, 6 male Es obtained significantly higher ratings when expecting high ratings from their 5 female Ss than when expecting low ratings ( n = 5 each) in a person-perception task. The instructions read by these Es were tape recorded and played back in the absence of any E (non-visual condition) to a second set of Ss. It was concluded from the significant bias effect in the non-visual condition th…
Preference for Delayed Reward as a Function of Age and Personality
A greater proportion of children as young as 5 yr. of age preferred a delayed-large as opposed to an immediate-small reward. In addition, decision latencies of Ss preferring immediate reward were significantly shorter than of those who chose delayed reward. These results support the hypothesis that age as a determinant of preference for delayed reward is confounded with a number of other variables such as reward values and duration of delay inter…
A Field Method for Teaching Applied Anthropology
Attempts to teach applied anthropology to students of administration, education or technology encounter at least two major difficulties: the problem of making the subject matter alive and "real" in a classroom; and pressure to do this in a short space of time. With the growth of Technical Cooperation Administration ("Point Four"), UNESCO and similar programs, the need to provide such training for administrators, educators, and technological speci…
Subjects' Access to Cognitive Processes
The present paper examines the arguments and data presented by Nisbett and Wilson (1977a; 1977b; Wilson & Nisbett, 1978) relevant to their thesis that subjects do not have access to their own cognitive processes. It is concluded that their review of previous research is selective and incomplete and that the data they present in behalf of their thesis does not withstand a demand characteristics analysis. Furthermore, their use of observer‐subject …
To cooperate or to look good
Perspectives and Progress in Contemporary Cross-Cultural Psychology
With Some
Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Meaning in the Evaluation of Events in World History
The universality versus culture specificity of quantitative evaluations (negative-positive) of 40 events in world history was addressed using World History Survey data collected from 5,800 university students in 30 countries/societies. Multidimensional scaling using generalized procrustean analysis indicated poor fit of data from the 30 countries to an overall mean configuration, indicating lack of universal agreement as to the associational mean…
Avoiding artifact in the search for bias
A reexamination of the faithful subject role
A Field Method for Teaching Applied Anthropology
Attempts to teach applied anthropology to students of administration, education or technology encounter at least two major difficulties: the problem of making the subject matter alive and "real" in a classroom; and pressure to do this in a short space of time. With the growth of Technical Cooperation Administration ("Point Four"), UNESCO and similar programs, the need to provide such training for administrators, educators, and technological speci…
A Field Method for Teaching Applied Anthropology
Attempts to teach applied anthropology to students of administration, education or technology encounter at least two major difficulties: the problem of making the subject matter alive and "real" in a classroom; and pressure to do this in a short space of time. With the growth of Technical Cooperation Administration ("Point Four"), UNESCO and similar programs, the need to provide such training for administrators, educators, and technological speci…
Verbal Cues in the Mediation of Experimenter Bias
In a replication of Rosenthal's experimenter bias study, 6 male Es obtained significantly higher ratings when expecting high ratings from their 5 female Ss than when expecting low ratings ( n = 5 each) in a person-perception task. The instructions read by these Es were tape recorded and played back in the absence of any E (non-visual condition) to a second set of Ss. It was concluded from the significant bias effect in the non-visual condition th…
Preference for Delayed Reward as a Function of Age and Personality
A greater proportion of children as young as 5 yr. of age preferred a delayed-large as opposed to an immediate-small reward. In addition, decision latencies of Ss preferring immediate reward were significantly shorter than of those who chose delayed reward. These results support the hypothesis that age as a determinant of preference for delayed reward is confounded with a number of other variables such as reward values and duration of delay inter…
To cooperate or to look good
Coerced versus volunteer subjects
A reexamination of the faithful subject role
Effect of Experimenter's Expectancy in Relation to Type and Structure of the Experimental Task
The present studies sought to investigate variables related to the mediation of the experimenter's expectancy effect and the generality of this phenomenon. It was hypothesized that the type of experimental task, defined by the presence or absence of factual or emotional components, and the structure of the task, defined by the ambiguity which the subject faces in making the judgments required of him, exert a moderating influence on the transmissi…
Subjects' Access to Cognitive Processes
The present paper examines the arguments and data presented by Nisbett and Wilson (1977a; 1977b; Wilson & Nisbett, 1978) relevant to their thesis that subjects do not have access to their own cognitive processes. It is concluded that their review of previous research is selective and incomplete and that the data they present in behalf of their thesis does not withstand a demand characteristics analysis. Furthermore, their use of observer‐subject …
Meaning of the situation to subjects
Meaning of the situation to subjects
Avoiding artifact in the search for bias
Where is the source of artifact? Subject roles or hypothesis learning
The Hawthorne effect
Reviews the literature on the Hawthorne effect (HE) which originated out of the studies at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company. This effect is generally defined as the problem in field experiments that Ss' knowledge that they are in an experiment modifies their behavior from what it would have been without the knowledge. An examination of the Hawthorne studies conducted 50 yrs ago does not reveal this “effect” probably because the…
Ethical regulations and their impact on research practice
Ethical regulations and their impact on research practice
Research on research ethics
Research on research ethics
Indigenization and Development of the Discipline
Surveys were conducted of the attitudes and opinions of Indian and Bangladeshi psychologists. A series of questions assessed their perceptions of the intellectual climate within universities, their research publication preferences and practices within both national and foreign journals, and the communality of their opinions regarding research priorities and practices within their national psychology. Differences between countries, and within-samp…
Indigenous Psychologies
La signification des concepts de psychologie indigoène et d'indigoénisation, les processus par lesquels ils se réalisent, est exploré dans les quatres premiers articles de ce numéro spécial. Les concepts sont examinés tout d' abord à partir des perspectives plus larges de la psychologie sociale des sciences (Adair) et la psychologie interculturelle (Poortinga), ainsi que dans deux applications concrètes des approches de psychologie indignée au Me…
Life Satisfaction of Indian Immigrants in Canada
It is a common conception that immigrants face numerous problems and considerable stress in the process of adjustment to a new culture. The life satisfaction of immigrants from India was assessed using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985). As predicted by judgment theory (Micholas, 1986), it was found that Indian immigrants judge their own well-being in comparison to relevant others, such as their peers back home, the majority w…
The explosion of knowledge, references, and citations
The knowledge explosion has created enormous difficulties for researchers to be aware of, access, and process the volume of new literature. Electronic literature retrieval systems and specialization on narrow topics have been strategies used to cope with these problems. In this study, the authors examined the additional effects of the knowledge explosion on researchers' writing, referencing, and citing. Counts of references within sampled empiric…
Perspectives and Progress in Contemporary Cross-Cultural Psychology
With Some
Internationalization of Psychological Research
We undertook this study to assess whether trends toward declining U.S. dominance and increasing international authorship exist in psychology journals. We collected data on the national affiliations of authors in 16 primary and 3 secondary journals from the United States, and 4 international journals published over 3 decades. Although analyses showed the United States continued to dominate overall and in most specialties, there were significant de…
Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Meaning in the Evaluation of Events in World History
The universality versus culture specificity of quantitative evaluations (negative-positive) of 40 events in world history was addressed using World History Survey data collected from 5,800 university students in 30 countries/societies. Multidimensional scaling using generalized procrustean analysis indicated poor fit of data from the 30 countries to an overall mean configuration, indicating lack of universal agreement as to the associational mean…
Latest Contributions to Cross-Cultural Psychology
Psychology (21 obras) · Social Psychology (14 obras) · Social Psychology (12 obras) · Cognitive psychology (10 obras) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (7 obras) · Psychology of Social Influence (7 obras) · Sociology (7 obras) · Political science (6 obras) · Epistemology (5 obras) · Perception (5 obras)