Chantal Lombard
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 183301 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Chantal Lombard |
| NOMBRES | Chantal |
| APELLIDO | Lombard |
| FIRMA | LOMBARD C |
| AFILIACIONES | South African Medical Research Council |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2136-6533 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 60 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 60 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1973 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Multilevel Factors Influencing Linkage to HIV Care in a High HIV Prevalence District in South Africa
Timely linkage to HIV care is essential for achieving South Africa’s treatment goals, yet significant gaps persist in the early stages of the HIV care continuum. This study examined multilevel factors influencing linkage to care in a high HIV-prevalence rural district. A prospective convergent mixed-methods cohort study was conducted over 21 months among 1,194 adults newly diagnosed with HIV across 18 facilities in KwaZulu-Natal. Quantitative ana…
Factors associated with return to work among disability claimants with depression
This study provides insights into factors associated with successful return to work for disability claimants with depression, which can guide case management and rehabilitation for this population
Two decades of tracking femicide in South Africa
The absence of reliable administrative data from many countries means that there is little global surveillance of femicide. We conducted femicide surveillance with four dedicated national retrospective mortuary-based surveys to understand its magnitude among women 14 years and older in South Africa from 1999 to 2020/21, including the first year of COVID-19. The surveys included data from police on the investigation to ascertain who perpetrated th…
Prevalence and associations of hypertension detection, treatment and control in Cape Town
Participants who were female and with comorbid diabetes were more likely to have better hypertension care overall, while the poorest and less urbanised participants were less likely to have their hypertension detected. Strategies are required to ensure equitable distribution of hypertension care. In-depth research is required to understand the contributors to suboptimal hypertension care, which likely differ by age, gender, socioeconomic status a…
Assessing PrEP Initiation and Adherence Among High-Risk, Sexually Active Adolescents and Young Adults
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention strategy for high-risk populations, including adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and adolescent boys and young men (ABYM). While various PrEP-delivery models exist in South Africa, little is known about optimizing PrEP-uptake and adherence for AGYW and ABYM. This study explored preferred and feasible PrEP care models to enhance initiation and adherence among at-risk adolescents a…
Who is killing South African men? A retrospective descriptive study of forensic and police investigations into male homicide
Not much is known about the perpetrators of male homicide in South Africa, which has rates seven times the global average. For the country’s first ever male homicide study we describe the epidemiology of perpetrators, their relationship with victims and victim profiles of men killed by male versus female perpetrators. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of routine data collected through forensic and police investigations, calculating v…
Effects of Pack training on the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by primary care clinicians during 2 years of implementation in Florianópolis, Brazil
BACKGROUND: Training primary care doctors and nurses to use Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) improved management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a previous randomised trial. The present study examined the training effects including a second year of follow-up with expanded coverage of repeated training sessions. METHODS: Using a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial design, 48 clinics were randomly allocated eit…
Stakeholders’ experiences of ethical challenges in cluster randomized trials in a limited resource setting
Although the use of the cluster randomized trial (CRT) design to evaluate vaccines, public health interventions or health systems is increasing, the ethical issues posed by the design are not adequately addressed, especially in low- and middle-income country settings (LMICs). To help reveal ethical challenges, qualitative interviews were conducted with key stakeholders experienced in designing and conducting two selected CRTs in Malawi. The 18 in…
Can verbal autopsies be used on a national scale? Key findings and lessons from South Africa's national cause-of-death validation study
BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsy (VA), though imperfect, serves as a vital tool to determine cause-of-death, particularly for out-of-facility deaths, but challenges persist in integrating VA into Civil Registration and Vital Statistics systems. OBJECTIVE: To describe the challenges and successes of collecting a national sample of verbal autopsy interviews in South Africa to obtain the cause of death profile in 2017/18. METHODS: We recruited next of kin…
Injury mortality in South Africa
BACKGROUND: Injuries, often preventable, prompted urgent action within the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to improve global health. South Africa (SA) has high rates of injury mortality, but accurate reporting of official national data is hindered by death misclassification. OBJECTIVE: Two nationally representative surveys for 2009 and 2017 are utilised to assess SA's progress towards SDG targets for violence …
School Dropout, Absenteeism and Coverage of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in South Africa
School attendance or completion is important for adolescents' development. Adolescents who drop out or are regularly absent from school are at higher risk of adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. However, there is little evidence evaluating SRH service coverage among adolescents in and out of school. In the context of a large-scale combination HIV and pregnancy prevention intervention funded by the Global Fund, we compared the SR…
South Africa’s male homicide epidemic hiding in plain sight
South Africa has an overall homicide rate six times the global average. Males are predominantly the victims and perpetrators, but little is known about the male victims. For the country’s first ever study on male homicide we compared 2017 male and female victim profiles for selected covariates, against global average and previous estimates for 2009. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of routine data collected through postmortem invest…
Trauma trends during Covid ‐19 alcohol prohibition at a South African regional hospital
Early Sexual Debut and the Effects on Well-Being among South African Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15 to 24 Years
We compared first sex experiences and wellbeing of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) who had an early sexual debut (age < 15) with those who had later sexual debut. We conducted a representative household survey among AGYW aged 15-24 years in six districts in South Africa. Of 3009 AGYW who had ever had sex, 8.9% reported early sexual debut. Early sexual debut was associated with coercion at first sex and a lower average well-being score com…
The Associations of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-Partner Sexual Violence with Hypertension in South African Women
This study describes associations of intimate partner violence (IPV), non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) and sexual harassment (SH) exposures with hypertension in South African women aged 18-40 years. Baseline data ( n = 1742) from the Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation study, including a history of sexual, physical, emotional and economic IPV, NPSV and SH were examined. Hypertension was based on blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or a previous diagnosis. Lo…
Linkage to HIV Care and Early Retention in Care Rates in the Universal Test-and-Treat Era
HIV linkage, and retention are key weaknesses in South Africa's national antiretroviral therapy (ART) program, with the greatest loss of patients in the HIV treatment pathway occurring before ART initiation. This study investigated linkage-to and early-retention-in-care (LTRIC) rates among adults newly diagnosed with HIV in a high-HIV prevalent rural district. We conducted an observational prospective cohort study to investigate LTRIC rates for a…
Examining the Relationship Between Psychosocial Factors with Knowledge of HIV-Positive Status and Antiretroviral Therapy Exposure Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Living with HIV in South Africa
Associations Between Patterns of Alcohol Use and Viral Load Suppression Amongst Women Living with HIV in South Africa
This study aimed to identify alcohol use patterns associated with viral non-suppression among women living with HIV (WLWH) and the extent to which adherence mediated these relationships. Baseline data on covariates, alcohol consumption, ART adherence, and viral load were collected from 608 WLWH on ART living in the Western Cape, South Africa. We defined three consumption patterns: no/light drinking (drinking ≤ 1/week and ≤ 4 drinks/occasion), occ…
Rape survivors in South Africa
BACKGROUND: Little is known about women who have experienced a recent rape, and how they differ from women without this exposure. Identifying factors linked to rape is important for preventing rape and developing effective responses in countries like South Africa with high levels of sexual violence. OBJECTIVE: To describe the socio-demographic and health profile of women recently exposed to rape and to compare them with a non-rape-exposed group. …
Impact of breastfeeding, maternal antiretroviral treatment and health service factors on 18-month vertical transmission of HIV and HIV-free survival
Background We analysed the impact of breastfeeding, antiretroviral drugs and health service factors on cumulative (6 weeks to 18 months) vertical transmission of HIV (MTCT) and ‘MTCT-or-death’, in South Africa, and compared estimates with global impact criteria to validate MTCT elimination: (1) Methods 9120 infants aged 6 weeks were enrolled in a nationally representative survey. Of 2811 HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU), 2644 enrolled into fo…
Parenting, mental health and economic pathways to prevention of violence against children in South Africa
Parenting for Lifelong Health
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of 'Parenting for Lifelong Health: Sinovuyo Teen', a parenting programme for adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries, on abuse and parenting practices. DESIGN: Pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 40 villages/urban sites (clusters) in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS: 552 families reporting conflict with their adolescents (aged 10-18). INTERVENTION: Intervention…
Completeness of patient-held records
BACKGROUND: Continuity of care is important for child well-being in all settings where postnatal retention of mother-infant pairs in care remains a challenge. This analysis reports on completeness of patient-held infant Road to Health Booklets (RtHBs), amongst HIV exposed and unexposed infants during the first two years after the RtHB was launched country-wide in South Africa. METHODS: Secondary data were analysed from two nationally representati…
Identifying Alcohol Problems and Selected Individual and Contextual Risk Factors Among Adults in South Africa
Impact of maternal ART on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV at six weeks postpartum in Rwanda
ART for all women during pregnancy and breastfeeding was associated with the estimated low MTCT rate of 1.58%. Mothers who did not receive a full package of anti-retroviral therapy according to the Rwanda EMTCT protocol, and young and single mothers were at higher risk of MTCT and should be targeted for support in preventing HIV infection
Leisure Boredom and Substance Use Among High School Students in South Africa
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of leisure boredom, and investigate the relationship between leisure boredom, substance use and demographic variables among high school students in Cape Town, South Africa. 621 students from 39 high schools selected through a multistage cluster sampling procedure completed a questionnaire which measured substance use and demographic information, and included the Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS). Us…
The Relationship between Bullying Behaviours and High School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa
Bullying is generally defined as largely unprovoked, negative physical or psychological actions perpetrated repeatedly over time between bully/ies and victims. Bullying can lead to fear of school, absenteeism, and stunted academic progress, which in turn are precursors to dropping out of school. This paper's aim is to report rates of bullying behaviour, and to investigate whether bullying behaviour predicts high school dropout in Cape Town, South…
Parenting, mental health and economic pathways to prevention of violence against children in South Africa
Reliability of the Leisure Boredom Scale for Use with High School Learners in Cape Town, South Africa
The reliability of the Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS) for use in South Africa has not been established. In order to address this situation, two studies were undertaken to document the reliability of the LBS in Grades 8 and 11 learners attending high schools in Cape Town, South Africa. In Study 1, a random sample of learners (N = 117) attending four independent high schools completed the LBS on two occasions 10 to 14 days apart. In Study 2, a multist…
Methodological Issues in the South African Incomplete Abortion Study
In 1994, a national hospital-based study was undertaken of cases of incomplete abortion presenting to public hospitals in South Africa. Data were collected for all women admitted to a random sample of hospitals with incomplete abortion during a two-week period. The WHO protocol for such studies was used as a basis for developing the methods to describe the epidemiology of incomplete abortion and hospital management of cases. Attempts were made to…
First population-level effectiveness evaluation of a national programme to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child, South Africa
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on the national population-level effectiveness of preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes in high-HIV-prevalence, resource-limited settings. We assessed national PMTCT impact in South Africa (SA), 2010. METHODS: A facility-based survey was conducted using a stratified multistage, cluster sampling design. A nationally representative sample of 10 178 infants aged 4-8 weeks was recruited from…
Psychometric Properties of the Self-Esteem Questionnaire for South African Adolescents
This article describes two studies investigating the reliability and factorial validity of scores on the Self-Esteem Questionnaire (SEQ) for assessing self-evaluations relating to peers, school, family, sports/athletics, body image and global self-worth in South African adolescents. Participants were 900 learners enrolled in Grades 8 and 11 at public schools In Cape Town, and 116 Grades 8 and 11 learners attending independent schools. The results…
Jeux d'écolières à Bamako
C. Lombard - Schoolgirls' Games in Bamako. An attempt at a classification of girls' games and plays, and some values pertaining to them. High-school female pupils, aged 12-15, Mali
Towards Multicultural Societies
On-site HIV Testing in Resource-poor Settings
Objective: To determine the feasibility, accuracy and cost-effectiveness of a rapid, on-site, HIV testing strategy in a rural hospital, and to assess its impact on test turnaround time and the proportion of patients post-test counselled. Design: Prospective comparison of two testing strategies |double rapid test on-site versus central enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based testing|, and an economic evaluation. Setting: Hlabisa Hospital, …
Methodological Issues in the South African Incomplete Abortion Study
In 1994, a national hospital-based study was undertaken of cases of incomplete abortion presenting to public hospitals in South Africa. Data were collected for all women admitted to a random sample of hospitals with incomplete abortion during a two-week period. The WHO protocol for such studies was used as a basis for developing the methods to describe the epidemiology of incomplete abortion and hospital management of cases. Attempts were made to…
Long-term evaluation of a micronutrient-fortified biscuit used for addressing micronutrient deficiencies in primary school children
Objective: To evaluate the long-term effect on micronutrient status of a β-carotene-, iron- and iodine-fortified biscuit given to primary school children as school feeding. Design: Children receiving the fortified biscuit were followed in a longitudinal study for 2.5 years ( n =108); in addition, cross-sectional data from three subsequent surveys conducted in the same school are reported. Setting: A rural community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.…
Reliability of the Leisure Boredom Scale for Use with High School Learners in Cape Town, South Africa
The reliability of the Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS) for use in South Africa has not been established. In order to address this situation, two studies were undertaken to document the reliability of the LBS in Grades 8 and 11 learners attending high schools in Cape Town, South Africa. In Study 1, a random sample of learners (N = 117) attending four independent high schools completed the LBS on two occasions 10 to 14 days apart. In Study 2, a multist…
Correlates of drug use in rural Africa
The results of a study on drug/substance use and sexual behaviours are reported for 1 573 teenagers from a rural district of South Africa (males = 834; females = 692; mean age = 16.27 years and SD = 2.77 years). The teenagers reported on their drug/substance use, use of condoms, experience with anal sex and number of sexual partners. The analyses considered the prevalence of drug/substance use, condom use and anal sex within sexually-active cohor…
Psychometric Properties of the Self-Esteem Questionnaire for South African Adolescents
This article describes two studies investigating the reliability and factorial validity of scores on the Self-Esteem Questionnaire (SEQ) for assessing self-evaluations relating to peers, school, family, sports/athletics, body image and global self-worth in South African adolescents. Participants were 900 learners enrolled in Grades 8 and 11 at public schools In Cape Town, and 116 Grades 8 and 11 learners attending independent schools. The results…
Sexual Partners in a Rural South African Setting1
Leisure Boredom and Substance Use Among High School Students in South Africa
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of leisure boredom, and investigate the relationship between leisure boredom, substance use and demographic variables among high school students in Cape Town, South Africa. 621 students from 39 high schools selected through a multistage cluster sampling procedure completed a questionnaire which measured substance use and demographic information, and included the Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS). Us…
Bullying at Rural High Schools in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
This study examined bullying and risk and protective factors in school and family domains, in a sample of 1,565 Grade 11 students in 41 high schools in two rural school districts in South Africa. The questionnaire included two questions to identify bullies, victims and bully-victims, as well as measures drawn from the Communities That Care Youth Survey, which addressed risk and protective factors in the school and family. Multinomial logistic reg…
A food-based dietary strategy lowers blood pressure in a low socio-economic setting
Objective To assess the impact of a food-based intervention on blood pressure (BP) in free-living South African men and women aged 50–75 years, with drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertension. Methods A double-blind controlled trial was undertaken in eighty drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertensive subjects randomised to an intervention ( n 40) or control ( n 40) arm. The intervention was 8-week provision of six food items with a modified cation…
The Relationship between Bullying Behaviours and High School Dropout in Cape Town, South Africa
Bullying is generally defined as largely unprovoked, negative physical or psychological actions perpetrated repeatedly over time between bully/ies and victims. Bullying can lead to fear of school, absenteeism, and stunted academic progress, which in turn are precursors to dropping out of school. This paper's aim is to report rates of bullying behaviour, and to investigate whether bullying behaviour predicts high school dropout in Cape Town, South…
Development of a performance-rating scale for a nutrition knowledge test developed for adolescents
Objective The objectives of the present study were to (i) develop and validate a norm-referenced performance-rating scale to interpret a nutrition knowledge test developed for urban adolescents and (ii) develop a prototype for other researchers to follow when developing nutrition knowledge tests. Design For norm development the nutrition knowledge test (questionnaire) was administered to a sample representative of the questionnaire target group, …
Impact of telephonic psycho-social support on adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after rape
South Africa has one of the highest rates of both rape and HIV infections. Of great concern is the possibility of HIV transmission during the assault, but adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has been varied and low. We developed a telephonic psycho-social support, leaflet and adherence diary intervention for rape victims and tested its impact on adherence to PEP. A randomised control trial was conducted in the Western and Eastern Cape an…
They think they know but do they? Misalignment of perceptions of lifestyle modification knowledge among health professionals
Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of public-sector primary-care health professionals and final-year students regarding the role of nutrition, physical activity and smoking cessation (lifestyle modification) in the management of chronic diseases of lifestyle within the public health-care sector. Design A comparative cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was conducted in thirty primary health-care fa…
Why do families still not receive the child support grant in South Africa? A longitudinal analysis of a cohort of families across South Africa
BACKGROUND: Child cash transfers are increasingly recognised for their potential to reduce poverty and improve health outcomes. South Africa's child support grant (CSG) constitutes the largest cash transfer in the continent. No studies have been conducted to look at factors associated with successful receipt of the CSG. This paper reports findings on factors associated with CSG receipt in three settings in South Africa (Paarl in the Western Cape …
Health promotion services for patients having non-comminicable diseases
The majority of patients attending PHC facilities want to receive lifestyle modification education. There is not however, one specific method that can be regarded as the gold standard. Patients' preferences regarding health education methods differ, and they are more likely to be susceptible to methods that do not involve much reading. Health education materials such as posters, pamphlets and booklets should be used to supplement information rece…
HealthKick”
The formative findings of this study contribute to the knowledge of key environmental and policy determinants that may play a role in the health behaviour of learners, their parents and their educators. Evidently, these show that school environments are not always conducive to healthy lifestyles. To address the identified determinants relating to learners it is necessary to intervene on the various levels of influence, i.e. parents, educators, an…
Serum retinol in 1–6-year-old children from a low socio-economic South African community with a high intake of liver
Objective To assess serum retinol, liver intake patterns, breast-feeding history and anthropometric status in pre-school children of a low socio-economic community where liver is regularly consumed. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Subjects Children aged 1–6 years ( n 243) who attended the local primary health-care facility and had not received a vitamin A supplement in the 6 months preceding the study. …
Implementation of national guidelines, incorporated within structured diabetes and hypertension records at primary level care in Cape Town, South Africa
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many clinical management guidelines for chronic diseases have been published, but they have not been put into practice by busy clinicians at primary care levels. This study evaluates the implementation of national guidelines incorporated within a structured diabetes and hypertension clinical record (SR) in Cape Town in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). METHODS: Eighteen public sector community health centres (CHC) we…
Growth effects of exclusive breastfeeding promotion by peer counsellors in sub-Saharan Africa
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00397150
Liver intake in 24–59-month-old children from an impoverished South African community provides enough vitamin A to meet requirements
Objective To assess the contribution of liver to the vitamin A intake of 24–59-month-old children from an impoverished South African community where liver is frequently consumed and vitamin A deficiency previously shown to be absent. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Subjects Children aged 24–59 months ( n 150). Vitamin A intake from liver was assessed using a single 24 h recall and a quantified liver frequency…
Rising alcohol consumption and a high prevalence of problem drinking in black men and women in Cape Town
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence and determinants of problematic alcohol use (CAGE ≥2) in 25-74-year-old black population in Cape Town in 2008/2009 and examine the changes in self-reported alcohol consumption between 1990 and 2008/2009 in 25-64-year-olds. METHODS: In 2008/2009, a representative cross-sectional sample, stratified for age and sex, was randomly selected from the same townships sampled in 1990. Socio-demographic characteristic…
The prevalence of risk for mental health problems among high school students in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
The aim of this article is to describe the prevalence of risk for developing mental health problems in a large survey of high school students in the Western Cape Province in South Africa. The study population comprised students in Grades 8, 9, and 10 attending public schools in the Western Cape Province. Schools were randomly sampled proportional to total school size (all grades). A total of 227 schools and a total of 20,855 students completed th…
Medicine (51 obras) · Environmental health (31 obras) · Demography (29 obras) · Internal Medicine (21 obras) · Psychology (21 obras) · Public health (21 obras) · Family medicine (20 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (17 obras) · Demography (15 obras) · Population (15 obras)