Joseph W Sakshaug
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 185022 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Joseph W Sakshaug |
| NOMBRES | Joseph W |
| APELLIDO | Sakshaug |
| FIRMA | SAKSHAUG J W |
| AFILIACIONES | Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7520-353X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 31 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 85 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 31 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2010 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Breaking Bread
This study examines the role of ethnic cuisine as a potential mechanism for fostering outgroup tolerance. Data were collected via a web survey administered to a stratified, nationally representative sample of White adults from the United Kingdom ( N = 1,025). Results showed that greater enjoyment and frequency of ethnic food consumption were significantly associated with lower perceptions of immigrants as cultural and economic threats and with de…
Evaluating Methods to Prevent and Detect Inattentive Respondents in Web Surveys
Inattentive respondents pose a substantial threat to data quality in web surveys. We evaluate methods for preventing and detecting inattentive respondents. First, we test the effect of asking respondents to commit to providing high-quality responses at the beginning of the survey on various data quality measures. Second, we compare the proportion of flagged respondents for two versions of an attention check item instructing them to select a speci…
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021
BACKGROUND: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 ri…
Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100
BACKGROUND: Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality,…
Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021
BACKGROUND: Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mort…
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic
BACKGROUND: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 cou…
Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (Dalys), and healthy life expectancy (Hale) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territor…
BACKGROUND: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to im…
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021
BACKGROUND: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by…
The Impact of Survey Mode Design and Questionnaire Length on Measurement Quality
Mixed-mode surveys are popular as they can save costs and maintain (or improve) response rates relative to single-mode surveys. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear how design decisions like survey mode or questionnaire length impact measurement quality. In this study, we compare measurement quality in an experiment of three distinct survey designs implemented in the German sample of the European Values Study: a single-mode face-to-face design, a mi…
Estimating mortality and disability in Peru before the Covid-19 pandemic
Background: Estimating and analyzing trends and patterns of health loss are essential to promote efficient resource allocation and improve Peru's healthcare system performance. Methods: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (2019), we assessed mortality and disability in Peru from 1990 to 2019. We report demographic and epidemiologic trends in terms of population, life expectancy at birth (LE), …
Ethical Considerations for Augmenting Surveys with Auxiliary Data Sources
Survey researchers frequently use supplementary data sources, such as paradata, administrative data, and contextual data to augment surveys and enhance substantive and methodological research capabilities. While these data sources can be beneficial, integrating them with surveys can give rise to ethical and data privacy issues that have not been completely resolved. In this research synthesis, we review ethical considerations and empirical eviden…
Augmenting Surveys with Paradata, Administrative Data, and Contextual Data
The reliability of adult self-reported height
Surveys serve as an important source of information on key anthropometric characteristics such as body height or weight in the population. Such data are often obtained by directly asking respondents to report those values. Numerous studies have examined measurement errors in this context by comparing reported to measured values. However, little is known on the role of interviewers on the prevalence of irregularities in anthropometric survey data.…
How to Catch a Falsifier
Deviant interviewer behavior is a potential hazard of interviewer-administered surveys, with interviewers fabricating entire interviews as the most severe form. Various statistical methods (e.g., cluster analysis) have been proposed to detect falsifiers. These methods often rely on falsification indicators aiming to measure differences between real and falsified data. However, due to a lack of real-world data, empirical evaluations and comparison…
Contact Modes and Participation in App-Based Smartphone Surveys
Smartphone apps are increasingly being used for population-based survey research. Recruiting people to sign up for an app-based survey is, however, less straightforward compared to traditional surveys, which risks inflating nonresponse as well as the potential for nonresponse bias. By means of an experiment with over 44,000 recently registered job seekers, we present causal evidence on the effects of using different contact modes (email, postal l…
Interviewer Effects in Biosocial Survey Measurements
Increasingly surveys are using interviewers to collect objective health measures, also known as biomeasures, to replace or supplement traditional self-reported health measures. However, the extent to which interviewers affect the (im)precision of biomeasurements is largely unknown. This article investigates interviewer effects on several biomeasures collected in three waves of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Overall, …
Small Area Estimation of Latent Economic Well-being
Small area estimation (SAE) plays a crucial role in the social sciences due to the growing need for reliable and accurate estimates for small domains. In the study of well-being, for example, policy makers need detailed information about the geographical distribution of a range of social indicators. We investigate data dimensionality reduction using factor analysis models and implement SAE on the factor scores under the empirical best linear unbi…
A Review of Conceptual Approaches and Empirical Evidence on Probability and Nonprobability Sample Survey Research
There is an ongoing debate in the survey research literature about whether and when probability and nonprobability sample surveys produce accurate estimates of a larger population. Statistical theory provides a justification for confidence in probability sampling as a function of the survey design, whereas inferences based on nonprobability sampling are entirely dependent on models for validity. This article reviews the current debate about proba…
Nurse Effects on Non-response in Survey-Based Biomeasures
Collecting biological data in representative surveys is becoming more common due to their potential to inform research and policy. Nevertheless, using nurses to collect these data can lead to unintended effects. In this paper, we investigate how nurses influence the non-response process by looking at five waves of data coming from two surveys in the UK: Understanding Society and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We find that nurses explai…
Understanding ‘Don't know’ answers to survey questions - an International comparative analysis using interview paradata
If ‘Don’t know’ answers to survey questions are not being accurately captured, understood and analysed then the validity of the estimates of public knowledge, values and attitudes can be questioned. In this article survey answers and interviewer observation paradata about how respondents answer factual, value and attitude-based survey questions were analysed. There was considerable variation in the likelihood of a ‘Don't know’ response at both th…
The Effect of Framing and Placement on Linkage Consent
Numerous surveys link interview data to administrative records, conditional on respondent consent, in order to explore new and innovative research questions. Optimizing the linkage consent rate is a critical step toward realizing the scientific advantages of record linkage and minimizing the risk of linkage consent bias. Linkage consent rates have been shown to be particularly sensitive to certain design features, such as where the consent questi…
The Impact of Interviewer Effects on Skin Color Assessment in a Cross-National Context
Skin color of respondents is increasingly being collected by interviewers in face to face surveys and used in social science research. Nevertheless, skin color has the potential to be significantly influenced by interviewer effects. We use the AmericasBarometer (LAPOP) study to investigate interviewer variation in skin color ratings, the variation of this by country and interviewer characteristics as well as the impact of correcting for interview…
Paper, E-mail, or Both? Effects of Contact Mode on Participation in a Web Survey of Establishments
Identifying strategies that maximize participation rates in population-based web surveys is of critical interest to survey researchers. While much of this interest has focused on surveys of persons and households, there is a growing interest in surveys of establishments. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence on strategies for optimizing participation rates in web surveys of establishments. To address this research gap, we conducted a …
Does the Recruitment of Offline Households Increase the Sample Representativeness of Probability-Based Online Panels? Evidence From the German Internet Panel
The past decade has seen a rise in the use of online panels for conducting survey research. However, the popularity of online panels, largely driven by relatively low implementation costs and high rates of Internet penetration, has been met with criticisms regarding their ability to accurately represent their intended target populations. This criticism largely stems from the fact that (1) non-Internet (or offline) households, despite their relati…
Are Survey Nonrespondents Willing to Provide Consent to Use Administrative Records? Evidence from a Nonresponse Follow-Up Survey in Germany
To mitigate the effects of low survey participation rates and possible nonresponse bias in survey estimates, survey organizations often try to collect auxiliary information with which to evaluate and possibly adjust for differences between respondents and nonrespondents. Call record data and other forms of paradata are commonly used for this purpose, but these data tend to be only weakly correlated with the survey items. Follow-up surveys conduct…
Does the Recruitment of Offline Households Increase the Sample Representativeness of Probability-Based Online Panels? Evidence From the German Internet Panel
The past decade has seen a rise in the use of online panels for conducting survey research. However, the popularity of online panels, largely driven by relatively low implementation costs and high rates of Internet penetration, has been met with criticisms regarding their ability to accurately represent their intended target populations. This criticism largely stems from the fact that (1) non-Internet (or offline) households, despite their relati…
The Effect of Benefit Wording on Consent to Link Survey and Administrative Records in a Web Survey
Survey data-collection costs are steadily increasing, forcing government agencies and survey organizations to consider more costeffective methods of acquiring high-quality information from respondents. Web surveys and administrative data linkage are two approaches often considered to help offset rising costs; however, these two approaches are rarely used jointly in the same survey. Consequently, little is known about how one should ask for linkag…
Nonresponse Error, Measurement Error, And Mode Of Data Collection
Although some researchers have suggested that a tradeoff exists between nonresponse and measurement error, to date, the evidence for this connection has been relatively sparse. We examine data from an alumni survey to explore potential links between nonresponse and measurement error. Records data were available for some of the survey items, allowing us to check the accuracy of the answers. The survey included relatively sensitive questions about …
The Framing of the Record Linkage Consent Question
The Effect of Framing and Placement on Linkage Consent
Numerous surveys link interview data to administrative records, conditional on respondent consent, in order to explore new and innovative research questions. Optimizing the linkage consent rate is a critical step toward realizing the scientific advantages of record linkage and minimizing the risk of linkage consent bias. Linkage consent rates have been shown to be particularly sensitive to certain design features, such as where the consent questi…
Ethical Considerations for Augmenting Surveys with Auxiliary Data Sources
Survey researchers frequently use supplementary data sources, such as paradata, administrative data, and contextual data to augment surveys and enhance substantive and methodological research capabilities. While these data sources can be beneficial, integrating them with surveys can give rise to ethical and data privacy issues that have not been completely resolved. In this research synthesis, we review ethical considerations and empirical eviden…
Linking Survey and Administrative Records
Survey records are increasingly being linked to administrative databases to enhance the survey data and increase research opportunities for data users. A necessary prerequisite to linking survey and administrative records is obtaining informed consent from respondents. Obtaining consent from all respondents is a difficult challenge and one that faces significant resistance. Consequently, data linkage consent rates vary widely from study to study.…
Understanding ‘Don't know’ answers to survey questions - an International comparative analysis using interview paradata
If ‘Don’t know’ answers to survey questions are not being accurately captured, understood and analysed then the validity of the estimates of public knowledge, values and attitudes can be questioned. In this article survey answers and interviewer observation paradata about how respondents answer factual, value and attitude-based survey questions were analysed. There was considerable variation in the likelihood of a ‘Don't know’ response at both th…
Augmenting Surveys with Paradata, Administrative Data, and Contextual Data
Contact Modes and Participation in App-Based Smartphone Surveys
Smartphone apps are increasingly being used for population-based survey research. Recruiting people to sign up for an app-based survey is, however, less straightforward compared to traditional surveys, which risks inflating nonresponse as well as the potential for nonresponse bias. By means of an experiment with over 44,000 recently registered job seekers, we present causal evidence on the effects of using different contact modes (email, postal l…
Small Area Estimation of Latent Economic Well-being
Small area estimation (SAE) plays a crucial role in the social sciences due to the growing need for reliable and accurate estimates for small domains. In the study of well-being, for example, policy makers need detailed information about the geographical distribution of a range of social indicators. We investigate data dimensionality reduction using factor analysis models and implement SAE on the factor scores under the empirical best linear unbi…
Paper, E-mail, or Both? Effects of Contact Mode on Participation in a Web Survey of Establishments
Identifying strategies that maximize participation rates in population-based web surveys is of critical interest to survey researchers. While much of this interest has focused on surveys of persons and households, there is a growing interest in surveys of establishments. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence on strategies for optimizing participation rates in web surveys of establishments. To address this research gap, we conducted a …
How to Catch a Falsifier
Deviant interviewer behavior is a potential hazard of interviewer-administered surveys, with interviewers fabricating entire interviews as the most severe form. Various statistical methods (e.g., cluster analysis) have been proposed to detect falsifiers. These methods often rely on falsification indicators aiming to measure differences between real and falsified data. However, due to a lack of real-world data, empirical evaluations and comparison…
Are Survey Nonrespondents Willing to Provide Consent to Use Administrative Records? Evidence from a Nonresponse Follow-Up Survey in Germany
To mitigate the effects of low survey participation rates and possible nonresponse bias in survey estimates, survey organizations often try to collect auxiliary information with which to evaluate and possibly adjust for differences between respondents and nonrespondents. Call record data and other forms of paradata are commonly used for this purpose, but these data tend to be only weakly correlated with the survey items. Follow-up surveys conduct…
Important Considerations When Analyzing Health Survey Data Collected Using a Complex Sample Design
Researchers often use survey data to answer important public health policy questions. Examples of common data sources used in public health research include the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the National Health Interview Survey, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, and the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. All these surveys employ a complex sample design to recruit participants into the survey. When performing secondar…
Characteristics of Physical Measurement Consent in a Population-Based Survey of Older Adults
BACKGROUND: Collecting physical measurements in population-based health surveys has increased in recent years, yet little is known about the characteristics of those who consent to these measurements. OBJECTIVE: To examine the characteristics of persons who consent to physical measurements across several domains, including one's demographic background, health status, resistance behavior toward the survey interview, and interviewer characteristics…
Nonresponse Error, Measurement Error, And Mode Of Data Collection
Although some researchers have suggested that a tradeoff exists between nonresponse and measurement error, to date, the evidence for this connection has been relatively sparse. We examine data from an alumni survey to explore potential links between nonresponse and measurement error. Records data were available for some of the survey items, allowing us to check the accuracy of the answers. The survey included relatively sensitive questions about …
Linking Survey and Administrative Records
Survey records are increasingly being linked to administrative databases to enhance the survey data and increase research opportunities for data users. A necessary prerequisite to linking survey and administrative records is obtaining informed consent from respondents. Obtaining consent from all respondents is a difficult challenge and one that faces significant resistance. Consequently, data linkage consent rates vary widely from study to study.…
Important Considerations When Analyzing Health Survey Data Collected Using a Complex Sample Design
Researchers often use survey data to answer important public health policy questions. Examples of common data sources used in public health research include the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the National Health Interview Survey, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, and the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. All these surveys employ a complex sample design to recruit participants into the survey. When performing secondar…
The Effect of Benefit Wording on Consent to Link Survey and Administrative Records in a Web Survey
Survey data-collection costs are steadily increasing, forcing government agencies and survey organizations to consider more costeffective methods of acquiring high-quality information from respondents. Web surveys and administrative data linkage are two approaches often considered to help offset rising costs; however, these two approaches are rarely used jointly in the same survey. Consequently, little is known about how one should ask for linkag…
The Framing of the Record Linkage Consent Question
Does the Recruitment of Offline Households Increase the Sample Representativeness of Probability-Based Online Panels? Evidence From the German Internet Panel
The past decade has seen a rise in the use of online panels for conducting survey research. However, the popularity of online panels, largely driven by relatively low implementation costs and high rates of Internet penetration, has been met with criticisms regarding their ability to accurately represent their intended target populations. This criticism largely stems from the fact that (1) non-Internet (or offline) households, despite their relati…
Are Survey Nonrespondents Willing to Provide Consent to Use Administrative Records? Evidence from a Nonresponse Follow-Up Survey in Germany
To mitigate the effects of low survey participation rates and possible nonresponse bias in survey estimates, survey organizations often try to collect auxiliary information with which to evaluate and possibly adjust for differences between respondents and nonrespondents. Call record data and other forms of paradata are commonly used for this purpose, but these data tend to be only weakly correlated with the survey items. Follow-up surveys conduct…
The Impact of Interviewer Effects on Skin Color Assessment in a Cross-National Context
Skin color of respondents is increasingly being collected by interviewers in face to face surveys and used in social science research. Nevertheless, skin color has the potential to be significantly influenced by interviewer effects. We use the AmericasBarometer (LAPOP) study to investigate interviewer variation in skin color ratings, the variation of this by country and interviewer characteristics as well as the impact of correcting for interview…
Paper, E-mail, or Both? Effects of Contact Mode on Participation in a Web Survey of Establishments
Identifying strategies that maximize participation rates in population-based web surveys is of critical interest to survey researchers. While much of this interest has focused on surveys of persons and households, there is a growing interest in surveys of establishments. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence on strategies for optimizing participation rates in web surveys of establishments. To address this research gap, we conducted a …
The Effect of Framing and Placement on Linkage Consent
Numerous surveys link interview data to administrative records, conditional on respondent consent, in order to explore new and innovative research questions. Optimizing the linkage consent rate is a critical step toward realizing the scientific advantages of record linkage and minimizing the risk of linkage consent bias. Linkage consent rates have been shown to be particularly sensitive to certain design features, such as where the consent questi…
A Review of Conceptual Approaches and Empirical Evidence on Probability and Nonprobability Sample Survey Research
There is an ongoing debate in the survey research literature about whether and when probability and nonprobability sample surveys produce accurate estimates of a larger population. Statistical theory provides a justification for confidence in probability sampling as a function of the survey design, whereas inferences based on nonprobability sampling are entirely dependent on models for validity. This article reviews the current debate about proba…
Nurse Effects on Non-response in Survey-Based Biomeasures
Collecting biological data in representative surveys is becoming more common due to their potential to inform research and policy. Nevertheless, using nurses to collect these data can lead to unintended effects. In this paper, we investigate how nurses influence the non-response process by looking at five waves of data coming from two surveys in the UK: Understanding Society and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We find that nurses explai…
Understanding ‘Don't know’ answers to survey questions - an International comparative analysis using interview paradata
If ‘Don’t know’ answers to survey questions are not being accurately captured, understood and analysed then the validity of the estimates of public knowledge, values and attitudes can be questioned. In this article survey answers and interviewer observation paradata about how respondents answer factual, value and attitude-based survey questions were analysed. There was considerable variation in the likelihood of a ‘Don't know’ response at both th…
Contact Modes and Participation in App-Based Smartphone Surveys
Smartphone apps are increasingly being used for population-based survey research. Recruiting people to sign up for an app-based survey is, however, less straightforward compared to traditional surveys, which risks inflating nonresponse as well as the potential for nonresponse bias. By means of an experiment with over 44,000 recently registered job seekers, we present causal evidence on the effects of using different contact modes (email, postal l…
Interviewer Effects in Biosocial Survey Measurements
Increasingly surveys are using interviewers to collect objective health measures, also known as biomeasures, to replace or supplement traditional self-reported health measures. However, the extent to which interviewers affect the (im)precision of biomeasurements is largely unknown. This article investigates interviewer effects on several biomeasures collected in three waves of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Overall, …
Small Area Estimation of Latent Economic Well-being
Small area estimation (SAE) plays a crucial role in the social sciences due to the growing need for reliable and accurate estimates for small domains. In the study of well-being, for example, policy makers need detailed information about the geographical distribution of a range of social indicators. We investigate data dimensionality reduction using factor analysis models and implement SAE on the factor scores under the empirical best linear unbi…
The reliability of adult self-reported height
Surveys serve as an important source of information on key anthropometric characteristics such as body height or weight in the population. Such data are often obtained by directly asking respondents to report those values. Numerous studies have examined measurement errors in this context by comparing reported to measured values. However, little is known on the role of interviewers on the prevalence of irregularities in anthropometric survey data.…
How to Catch a Falsifier
Deviant interviewer behavior is a potential hazard of interviewer-administered surveys, with interviewers fabricating entire interviews as the most severe form. Various statistical methods (e.g., cluster analysis) have been proposed to detect falsifiers. These methods often rely on falsification indicators aiming to measure differences between real and falsified data. However, due to a lack of real-world data, empirical evaluations and comparison…
Estimating mortality and disability in Peru before the Covid-19 pandemic
Background: Estimating and analyzing trends and patterns of health loss are essential to promote efficient resource allocation and improve Peru's healthcare system performance. Methods: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (2019), we assessed mortality and disability in Peru from 1990 to 2019. We report demographic and epidemiologic trends in terms of population, life expectancy at birth (LE), …
Ethical Considerations for Augmenting Surveys with Auxiliary Data Sources
Survey researchers frequently use supplementary data sources, such as paradata, administrative data, and contextual data to augment surveys and enhance substantive and methodological research capabilities. While these data sources can be beneficial, integrating them with surveys can give rise to ethical and data privacy issues that have not been completely resolved. In this research synthesis, we review ethical considerations and empirical eviden…
Augmenting Surveys with Paradata, Administrative Data, and Contextual Data
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021
BACKGROUND: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 ri…
Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100
BACKGROUND: Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality,…
Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021
BACKGROUND: Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mort…
Psychology (18 obras) · Medicine (17 obras) · Survey Methodology and Nonresponse (17 obras) · Computer Science (14 obras) · Statistics (14 obras) · Sociology (11 obras) · Environmental health (10 obras) · Mathematics (10 obras) · Survey data collection (10 obras) · Population (9 obras)