Ståle Einarsen
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 188159 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Ståle Einarsen |
| NOMBRES | Ståle |
| APELLIDO | Einarsen |
| FIRMA | EINARSEN S |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Bergen |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2999-1579 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 70 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 33 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 3 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1997 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Sexual Harassment at Work and Its Different Facets
3,307), with calibrated weights based on the total population register. Overall, 15.6% had experienced at least one form of sexual harassment in the past six months. Women - particularly younger women - were overrepresented among those exposed to unwanted sexual attention, while no gender differences emerged for sexualized conduct or sexual coercion. Women in the private sector and men in the municipal sector reported higher exposure. Being in a …
The paradoxical effect of social support on the relationship between exposure to bullying behaviors and perceived power imbalance
Power imbalance is a core characteristic in many definitions of workplace bullying. Yet, research on preventive and conditional factors related to power imbalance remains limited. This study investigates whether social support from the supervisor and colleagues moderates the relationship between exposure to bullying behaviors and the perceived power imbalance with the perpetrator(s), as seen from the target’s perspective. Grounded in conservation…
Conflict management climate and the prevention of workplace bullying
Purpose This study aims to investigate whether a strong conflict management climate (CMC) over time is associated with reduced reports of workplace bullying and whether it buffers the long-term association between workplace bullying at baseline and subsequent exposure to bullying. The authors’ hypothesized that CMC would moderate this association over time, even after adjusting for the activity level of the immediate superior. Design/methodology/…
Last in, first out? Length of service as a moderator of the relationship between exposure to bullying behaviors and work-related outcomes
In the present study, we proposed and tested a conceptual model of length of service in the organization as a moderator of the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying behaviors and turnover intention, as mediated through job dissatisfaction. Specifically, based on the conservation of resources theory and organizational socialization research, we hypothesized that bullying exposure would be more detrimental to employees relatively new …
Neuroticism as an antecedent of abusive supervision and laissez‐faire leadership in emergent leaders
Academic interest in the relationship between leaders' personality and subordinates’ perception of destructive leadership behavior is increasing. However, results so far have been weak, contradictory, and inconsistent to theory. Here, we examine if using facets of neuroticism, rather than the broader trait, can be more informative and increases the predictive power. Next, we explore the interplay between personality dimensions by examining if the…
Psychometric properties and cut‐off scores for the Swedish version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire
The present study investigates the psychometric properties and cut‐off scores of a Swedish version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire, the most frequently used instrument to measure exposure to workplace bullying. Based on a probability sample of the Swedish workforce ( n = 1853), we investigate the validity of both the full version (NAQ–R) and the short version (SNAQ). We suggest optimal cut‐offs for the NAQ–R and SNAQ, and for the subscales mea…
Exposure to negative acts at work and self-labelling as a victim of workplace bullying
The present study examines employees’ prior victimization from bullying in school or at work as a predictor of 1) their current exposure to negative social acts at work and 2) the likelihood of labelling as a victim of workplace bullying, and 3) whether the link between exposure to negative acts at work and the perception of being bullied is stronger among those who have been bullied in the past. We tested our hypotheses using a probability sampl…
Daily interpersonal conflicts and daily exposure to bullying behaviors at work
Building on the three‐way model of workplace bullying and its underlying theories, this study investigates the role of trait anger and trait anxiety in the link between daily interpersonal conflicts and daily exposure to bullying behaviors. Using a quantitative diary study design, we approached 57 military naval cadets participating in a tall‐ship voyage across the Atlantic, from Europe to North America, in 2017. They responded to a questionnaire…
When the Going Gets Tough and the Environment Is Rough
In line with the work environment hypothesis, the present study investigates whether department-level perceptions of hostile work climate moderate the relationship between psychosocial predictors of workplace bullying (i.e., role conflicts and workload) and exposure to bullying behaviours in the workplace. The data were collected among all employees in a Belgian university and constitutes of 1354 employees across 134 departments. As hypothesized,…
Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace
Accumulated Long-Term Exposure to Workplace Bullying Impairs Psychological Hardiness
Personality has been hypothesized to act as antecedent as well as an outcome of workplace bullying. Still, investigations on the longitudinal relationship between bullying and personality are scarce. We investigated the relationship between accumulated exposure to bullying at work and subsequent changes in psychological hardiness. Additionally, we examined whether hardiness predicted subsequent exposure to bullying. The data were based on the Sur…
Does the number of perpetrators matter? An extension and re‐analysis of workplace bullying as a risk factor for exclusion from working life
Based on a nationally representative sample ( N = 1,613) and a true prospective design, we show that the link between self‐labelled workplace bullying and exclusion from working life (i.e., becoming a non‐participant in working life) over a 5‐year time lag becomes stronger with increasing numbers of perpetrators involved. The amount of exposure to bullying behaviours could not explain the added effect of multiple perpetrators, indicating that the…
What we know, what we do not know, and what we should and could have known about workplace bullying
Over the last three decades, the scientific and social interest in workplace bullying has accelerated and our understanding of this pervasive and detrimental social problem has advanced considerably in a relatively short amount of time. Workplace bullying is now a phenomenon of global interest, new topics are steadily emerging within the field, and the methodological quality of the studies has become more sophisticated. Building on findings from …
Investigating Workplace Bullying in India
Workplace bullying is a universal threat with statistics available at global level prominently suggesting that this phenomenon is thriving like a pandemic worldwide. Limited literature on workplace bullying from Indian perspective can be attributed to the paucity of standardized tools for investigating its prevalence. This study reports validation, psychometric properties, and cutoff scores for Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised (NAQ-R) in India…
Workplace Bullying
The phenomenon of workplace bullying refers to repeated exposure to unwanted negative acts, be it personal or work‐related, and of a predominantly psychological nature, and where there exists a power imbalance between the protagonists. Although bullying may take on different forms, for example, targeted behavior against one or more individuals, or arising from a dispute or conflict between two parties, its presence is associated with negative out…
Workplace Bullying and Suicidal Ideation
Objectives. We examined whether victimization from bullying is related to an increased risk of suicidal ideation over time and whether suicidal ideation is related to subsequent bullying. Methods. In a longitudinal study (2005–2010), we used well-established single-item measures to assess victimization from bullying and suicidal ideation. We used latent Markov models to determine forward and reverse relationships between variables at 3 time point…
Outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying
This paper reports results from two meta-analyses of the potential individual-level outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying. After introducing a theoretical framework for the possible relationships between bullying and outcomes, Study 1 summarizes 137 cross-sectional effect sizes from 66 independent samples (N=77,721). The findings show that exposure to bullying is associated with both job-related and health- and well-being-related outcomes, s…
Empirical Findings on Prevalence and Risk Groups of Bullying in the Workplace
During the 1990s, the concept of bullying or mobbing at work found resonance within large sections of the European working population as well as in the academic community. A wide range of popular as well as academic books and articles were published in many European languages (e.g., Ege, 1996; Einarsen et al., 1994b; Field, 1996; Leymann, 1993; Niedl, 1995;CONTENTSIntroduction ......................................................................…
The impact of methodological moderators on prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A meta‐analysis
The aim of this study was to investigate how different measurement methods and sampling techniques contribute to the observed variation in prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A total of 102 prevalence estimates of bullying from 86 independent samples ( N =130,973) were accumulated and compared by means of meta‐analysis. At an average, the statistically independents samples provided an estimate of 14.6%. Yet, the findings show that methodologi…
Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace
Harassment in the workplace, and in particular sexual harassment, has remained a significant issue, despite the application of legislation covering these issues for many years. In addition, there are now moves to regulate inappropriate conduct in the workplace more generally, though efforts to identify such conduct as a form of bullying. The intention of this briefing is to indicate what legal avenues apply to controlling inappropriate workplace …
Winters, Summers, and Destructive Leadership Cultures in Rich Regions
Van de Vliert’s (2009) climato-economic theory of culture proposes that the impact of climatic demands on culture is influenced by wealth resources. In rich regions, much cold and heat in conjunction with relatively little wealth ( undermatching) and little cold and heat in conjunction with relatively much wealth ( overmatching) both are thought to produce less destructive leadership cultures than do approximations of just enough wealth to succes…
Ecological Limits to Globalization of Managerial Situations
The fast-growing global village may not be without cultural boundaries. Globalization as the evolvement of a syndrome of universally endorsed cultural values and practices may have its limits because climate-based demands and wealth-based resources in concert shape unique local cultures. This article reviews results of theory-based research that tested this innovative hypothesis for globalization of the managerially relevant decisions and actions…
Gender differences in work experiences and satisfactions of Norwegian oil rig workers
Purpose The present study sets out to compare women ( N =24) and men ( N =613) working on Norwegian oil rigs in the North Sea on work experiences, work satisfaction, perception of safety attitudes and safety climate, and psychological health. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using questionnaires from 1,022 women and men, a 59 percent response rate. Only those respondents working in traditionally male‐dominated jobs were considered.…
Cultural Construals of Destructive versus Constructive Leadership in Major World Niches
The common part of leadership culture in a country's organizations is conceptualized here as an adaptation to the non-cultural environment. This society-level study shows that middle managers from 61 societies in 58 countries hold different views on destructive versus constructive leadership profiles depending on the harshness of thermal climate and the degree of collective wealth. The cognitive contrast between more destructive autocratic and se…
Sampling in research on interpersonal aggression
The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of convenience samples in research on interpersonal aggression among adults. It was hypothesised that convenience sampled targets of aggression differs from targets in general with regards to both demographic characteristics and degree of aggression exposed to. A convenience sample comprising support‐seeking targets of workplace bullying was compared with a representative sample of Norwegian…
Harassment and bullying at work
Cultural Construals of Destructive versus Constructive Leadership in Major World Niches
The common part of leadership culture in a country's organizations is conceptualized here as an adaptation to the non-cultural environment. This society-level study shows that middle managers from 61 societies in 58 countries hold different views on destructive versus constructive leadership profiles depending on the harshness of thermal climate and the degree of collective wealth. The cognitive contrast between more destructive autocratic and se…
Gender differences in work experiences and satisfactions of Norwegian oil rig workers
Purpose The present study sets out to compare women ( N =24) and men ( N =613) working on Norwegian oil rigs in the North Sea on work experiences, work satisfaction, perception of safety attitudes and safety climate, and psychological health. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using questionnaires from 1,022 women and men, a 59 percent response rate. Only those respondents working in traditionally male‐dominated jobs were considered.…
Workplace Bullying and Suicidal Ideation
Objectives. We examined whether victimization from bullying is related to an increased risk of suicidal ideation over time and whether suicidal ideation is related to subsequent bullying. Methods. In a longitudinal study (2005–2010), we used well-established single-item measures to assess victimization from bullying and suicidal ideation. We used latent Markov models to determine forward and reverse relationships between variables at 3 time point…
Winters, Summers, and Destructive Leadership Cultures in Rich Regions
Van de Vliert’s (2009) climato-economic theory of culture proposes that the impact of climatic demands on culture is influenced by wealth resources. In rich regions, much cold and heat in conjunction with relatively little wealth ( undermatching) and little cold and heat in conjunction with relatively much wealth ( overmatching) both are thought to produce less destructive leadership cultures than do approximations of just enough wealth to succes…
Harassment in the Workplace and the Victimization of Men
Harassment and victimization among male workers were studied in a sample of 460 industrial workers, supervisors and managers within a Norwegian marine engineering industry. The results indicated that aggression and harassment are significant problems in this organizational setting. On a weekly basis, 7% of the men reported being subjected to at least one of the following behaviors from coworkers or supervisors: ridicule and insulting teasing, ver…
The nature and causes of bullying at work
The present paper reviews and summarises the research and literature on the nature and causes of bullying at work. Bullying occurs when someone at work is systematically subjected to aggressive behaviour from one or more colleagues or superiors over a long period of time, in a situation where the target finds it difficult to defend him or herself or to escape the situation. Such treatment tends to stigmatise the target and may even cause severe p…
Harassment and bullying at work
Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace
Relationships between exposure to bullying at work and psychological and psychosomatic health complaints
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between exposure to behaviors identified as workplace bullying and self-report measurements of psychological and psychosomatic health complaints. Secondly, we investigated whether these relationships were mediated by the state negative affectivity of the victim. Thirdly, we investigated the extent to which generalized self-efficacy moderated the relationships between exposure to bullying …
Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace
Psychiatric distress and symptoms of PTSD among victims of bullying at work
Distress and symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were investigated among targets of experienced bullying at work, that is, the exposure to persistent or recurrent oppressive, offensive, abusive behaviour where the aggressor may be a superior or a colleague. The participants in the present study were all recruited from two associations of bullied victims (n=102, response rate=57%). A high level of distress and symptoms of PTSD was re…
Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace
Preface. Introduction. Part 1: The Problem. The Concept of Bullying at Work. By any other Name: American Perspectives on Workplace Bullying. Bully/Victim Problems in School: Basic Facts and an Effective Intervention Program. Sexual Harassment Research in the United States. Part 2: The Evidence. Empirical Findings on Bullying in the Workplace. Individual Effects of Exposure to Bullying at Work. Organisational Effects of Bullying. Part 3: Explainin…
The destructiveness of laissez-faire leadership behavior
The aim of the study is to test the assumption that laissez-faire leadership behavior is not a type of zero-leadership, but a type of destructive leadership behavior that shows systematic relationships with workplace stressors, bullying at work, and psychological distress. A survey of 2,273 Norwegian employees was conducted and analyzed. Laissez-faire leadership was positively correlated with role conflict, role ambiguity, and conflicts with cowo…
Destructive leadership behaviour
Relationships between stressful work environments and bullying
This paper contributes to the relatively sparse knowledge about relationships between stressful work environments and bullying. Relationships between job stressors and leadership behaviour were analysed as possible predictors of bullying at work on the basis of the work environment hypothesis, which states that stressful and poorly organized work environments may give rise to conditions resulting in bullying. Analyses of a representative sample (…
Gender differences in work experiences and satisfactions of Norwegian oil rig workers
Purpose The present study sets out to compare women ( N =24) and men ( N =613) working on Norwegian oil rigs in the North Sea on work experiences, work satisfaction, perception of safety attitudes and safety climate, and psychological health. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using questionnaires from 1,022 women and men, a 59 percent response rate. Only those respondents working in traditionally male‐dominated jobs were considered.…
Cultural Construals of Destructive versus Constructive Leadership in Major World Niches
The common part of leadership culture in a country's organizations is conceptualized here as an adaptation to the non-cultural environment. This society-level study shows that middle managers from 61 societies in 58 countries hold different views on destructive versus constructive leadership profiles depending on the harshness of thermal climate and the degree of collective wealth. The cognitive contrast between more destructive autocratic and se…
Sampling in research on interpersonal aggression
The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of convenience samples in research on interpersonal aggression among adults. It was hypothesised that convenience sampled targets of aggression differs from targets in general with regards to both demographic characteristics and degree of aggression exposed to. A convenience sample comprising support‐seeking targets of workplace bullying was compared with a representative sample of Norwegian…
Ecological Limits to Globalization of Managerial Situations
The fast-growing global village may not be without cultural boundaries. Globalization as the evolvement of a syndrome of universally endorsed cultural values and practices may have its limits because climate-based demands and wealth-based resources in concert shape unique local cultures. This article reviews results of theory-based research that tested this innovative hypothesis for globalization of the managerially relevant decisions and actions…
Empirical Findings on Prevalence and Risk Groups of Bullying in the Workplace
During the 1990s, the concept of bullying or mobbing at work found resonance within large sections of the European working population as well as in the academic community. A wide range of popular as well as academic books and articles were published in many European languages (e.g., Ege, 1996; Einarsen et al., 1994b; Field, 1996; Leymann, 1993; Niedl, 1995;CONTENTSIntroduction ......................................................................…
The impact of methodological moderators on prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A meta‐analysis
The aim of this study was to investigate how different measurement methods and sampling techniques contribute to the observed variation in prevalence rates of workplace bullying. A total of 102 prevalence estimates of bullying from 86 independent samples ( N =130,973) were accumulated and compared by means of meta‐analysis. At an average, the statistically independents samples provided an estimate of 14.6%. Yet, the findings show that methodologi…
Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace
Harassment in the workplace, and in particular sexual harassment, has remained a significant issue, despite the application of legislation covering these issues for many years. In addition, there are now moves to regulate inappropriate conduct in the workplace more generally, though efforts to identify such conduct as a form of bullying. The intention of this briefing is to indicate what legal avenues apply to controlling inappropriate workplace …
Winters, Summers, and Destructive Leadership Cultures in Rich Regions
Van de Vliert’s (2009) climato-economic theory of culture proposes that the impact of climatic demands on culture is influenced by wealth resources. In rich regions, much cold and heat in conjunction with relatively little wealth ( undermatching) and little cold and heat in conjunction with relatively much wealth ( overmatching) both are thought to produce less destructive leadership cultures than do approximations of just enough wealth to succes…
Outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying
This paper reports results from two meta-analyses of the potential individual-level outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying. After introducing a theoretical framework for the possible relationships between bullying and outcomes, Study 1 summarizes 137 cross-sectional effect sizes from 66 independent samples (N=77,721). The findings show that exposure to bullying is associated with both job-related and health- and well-being-related outcomes, s…
Workplace Bullying
The phenomenon of workplace bullying refers to repeated exposure to unwanted negative acts, be it personal or work‐related, and of a predominantly psychological nature, and where there exists a power imbalance between the protagonists. Although bullying may take on different forms, for example, targeted behavior against one or more individuals, or arising from a dispute or conflict between two parties, its presence is associated with negative out…
Workplace Bullying and Suicidal Ideation
Objectives. We examined whether victimization from bullying is related to an increased risk of suicidal ideation over time and whether suicidal ideation is related to subsequent bullying. Methods. In a longitudinal study (2005–2010), we used well-established single-item measures to assess victimization from bullying and suicidal ideation. We used latent Markov models to determine forward and reverse relationships between variables at 3 time point…
Investigating Workplace Bullying in India
Workplace bullying is a universal threat with statistics available at global level prominently suggesting that this phenomenon is thriving like a pandemic worldwide. Limited literature on workplace bullying from Indian perspective can be attributed to the paucity of standardized tools for investigating its prevalence. This study reports validation, psychometric properties, and cutoff scores for Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised (NAQ-R) in India…
What we know, what we do not know, and what we should and could have known about workplace bullying
Over the last three decades, the scientific and social interest in workplace bullying has accelerated and our understanding of this pervasive and detrimental social problem has advanced considerably in a relatively short amount of time. Workplace bullying is now a phenomenon of global interest, new topics are steadily emerging within the field, and the methodological quality of the studies has become more sophisticated. Building on findings from …
Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace
Psychology (33 obras) · Workplace Violence and Bullying (31 obras) · Social Psychology (28 obras) · Workplace bullying (21 obras) · Medicine (19 obras) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (18 obras) · Clinical Psychology (15 obras) · Poison control (14 obras) · Political science (11 obras) · Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment (11 obras)