Aivar Kriiska
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 190662 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Aivar Kriiska |
| NOMBRES | Aivar |
| APELLIDO | Kriiska |
| FIRMA | KRIISKA A |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Tartu |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0900-7626 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 150 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1996 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
ICP‐MS/MS for Strontium Isotope Studies
Inductively coupled plasma‐tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS) enables nearly interference‐free determination of trace elements in different matrices. Furthermore, its mass resolution, combined with mass‐ and reaction‐filtering, allows the measurement of several isotope systems that are otherwise difficult to analyse due to significant interferences. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio has been widely used in geochronology and geochemistry, increasingly also…
The 4th–3rd millennia BC in the eastern Baltic
The earliest pottery from the Ludza area
Early pottery in Latvia is usually discussed with a focus on Lake Lubāns area in the eastern part of the country. This article presents another regional group of Narva Ware finds from Kreiči, Jurizdika I–II, Kubulova, and Ķīšukalns (Šelupinki) sites in the vicinity of Lake Lielais Ludza. This small amount of material (22 sherds in total) corresponds to the technological and morphological characteristics of the Narva Ware, expands the regional vie…
The Corded Ware Phenomenon in the Eastern Baltic Sea Area
This article reflects on developments in Corded Ware-related material and research in the eastern Baltic Sea area (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, north-western Russia). It builds upon a manuscript on the Corded Ware phenomenon in the eastern Baltic, completed nearly 15 years ago. Intended as the first modern review of the topic, this paper was not published at that time. Although now partially outdated due to the passage of time, it nonethe…
Comb Ware cultures in the eastern Baltic
At first glance, the Comb Ware culture â or rather, cultures â appears to be one of the best studied Stone Age cultures in the eastern Baltic region; however, this is far from the truth. A number of questions remain regarding its eastern and southern borders, chronology, and internal divisions. One of the main difficulties significantly complicating the understanding of this cultural phenomenon is the diversity of terminology, which has develope…
Defining the Estonian strontium isoscape for archeological and paleoecological provenance studies
Strontium isotope analysis has been used in archeology for about 40 years to study the provenance and mobility of ancient humans and animals. The interpretation of strontium isotope compositions in archeological materials requires a reference isotopic baseline map that delineates the geographical variation of bioavailable strontium. This paper introduces the first full map of bioavailable strontium in Estonia, based on the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of bio…
Supplementary material to
Supplementary online data include Table 1 detailing the radiocarbon dates associated with Typical Comb Ware in Latvia in the research literature
Dietary stable isotope analysis on fifth–ninth century AD populations of Lepna and Viidumäe, Saaremaa Island, Estonia
This paper presents the results of dietary stable isotope analyses performed on Migration Period (450–550 AD) and Pre-Viking Age (550–800 AD) populations of Lepna and Viidumäe, Saaremaa Island, Estonia. To date, research on dietary stable isotope analysis in Estonia has mainly focused on populations from other historical periods with an exclusion of material from the fifth to ninth centuries AD. Moreover, the research has been mainly conducted on…
Titelseiten
Pre-Roman Iron Age inhumations
This article presents the results of a multi-proxy study conducted on a triple burial found at a settlement site at Pärnu Road 41, Tallinn, Estonia, dating to 405â 360 cal BC (Pre-Roman Iron Age). Through archaeological and chemical analyses, including AMS dating, archaeobotany, osteology, stable isotope analysis, lipid analysis, metallography and XRF analysis, this study proves valuable insights into the provenance, diet, and burial practices of…
Stone Age imitation of a slotted bone point from Pärnu River (south-western Estonia)
This is an in-depth study of a mimicked slotted point, carved from a cervid longbone, found in the lower reaches of the Pärnu River. The 3D digital model, created during this study, provides an interactive and innovative tool for studying the object in detail. The AMS dating places the artefact at the very beginning of human habitation in the present-day territory of Estonia. SEM-EDS, ATR-FT-IR and GC-FID/MS analyses demonstrate that this unique …
Pit-houses of the Stone Age Belarus in the 4 th millennium BC
Fifty-eight Stone Age buildings discovered at 31 settlement sites are currently known in Belarus. Our attention is focused on 21 pit-houses, which are presumably dated to the 4 th millennium BC and were found at 13 sites in southern Belarus. They are mainly related to the Eastern Polessye and Upper-Dnieper cultures of the Dnieper-Donets cultural complex, as well as to the Neman culture. Analysis of the shapes, sizes and constructive features of t…
Corded Ware Culture Plant Gathering at the Narva-Jõesuu IIB Settlement and Burial Site in Estonia
Plant use of the Corded Ware Culture (2800–2000 cal BC) communities in Estonia and more broadly in the eastern Baltic area has not been systematically studied using archaeobotanical methods. This article presents the first archaeobotanical study from a Stone Age context in Estonia, and discusses plant use at the Corded Ware Culture settlement and burial site of Narva-Jõesuu IIB in the north-eastern part of the country. Analysis revealed the first…
Comparing contemporaneous hunter-gatherer and early agrarian settlement systems with spatial point process models
Inductive locational models have been used for decades to map the probability of past settlements and identify the preferred environmental conditions for habitation. In this study we apply inductive modelling to compare the spatial structure of the settlement systems of hunter-fisher-gatherer groups (Narva and Combed Ware Culture) and early agrarian communities (Corded Ware Culture) in Stone Age Estonia. We conceptualise settlement system formati…
An Integrated Result of Gis-Based Approach to Palaeogeographical Reconstructions and Archaeological Surveys of Coastal Palaeolagoons at the Mouths of the Rivers Vihterpalu, Teenuse and Velise (Western…
Methods of palaeogeographical modelling of possible freshwater bodies based on open access datasets provided by the Estonian Land Board are discussed, along with the landscape use of the recently surveyed palaeolagoons at the mouths of the rivers Vihterpalu, Teenuse and Velise (western Estonia) after Litorina Sea transgression maximum (ca 5300 BC). The site clusters by the Vihterpalu palaeolagoon can be dated to the Pre-Pottery Mesolithic or Narv…
Ground‐penetrating radar investigations of the Asaviec 2 archaeological site, Northern Belarus
Asaviec 2 in the Kryvina wetland is one of the best known and the most thoroughly investigated Stone and Bronze Age lake settlement sites in Northern Belarus. Previously, research on the site used excavations and coring, typological analysis and radiocarbon dating of the find material, as well as stratigraphic, lithological and palynological analyses. However, geophysical methods were not used. This study was carried out to test the use of ground…
Jägala Jõesuu v Stone Age Settlement Site in Northern Estonia
The settlement site of Jägala JÃμesuu V is located in northern Estonia in the village of JÃμesuu, about 200 m from the eastern bank of the Jägala River and about 2 km from the present-day coast of the Baltic Sea. It was discovered during the fieldwork in 2011, and 275 m2 was researched during rescue excavations in the course of road renovation. The remains of one pit-house (partly excavated), several pits and fireplaces were found. The collection…
Classification of archaeological adhesives from Eastern Europe and Urals by ATR‐FT‐IR spectroscopy and chemometric analysis
Attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FT‐IR) analysis of 100 adhesive samples from different prehistoric composite artefacts, pottery, and amorphous lumps across Eastern Europe and Urals were conducted with the aim to establish a fast analytical screening method for adhesive assignment. The ATR‐FT‐IR analysis allowed the identification of major chemical components of the adhesive samples that were assigned to th…
The transmission of pottery technology among prehistoric European hunter-gatherers
Human history has been shaped by global dispersals of technologies, although understanding of what enabled these processes is limited. Here, we explore the behavioural mechanisms that led to the emergence of pottery among hunter-gatherer communities in Europe during the mid-Holocene. Through radiocarbon dating, we propose this dispersal occurred at a far faster rate than previously thought. Chemical characterization of organic residues shows that…
Archaeological Traces of Hunter-gatherer Seasonal Occupation in Western Coastal Estonia from the Second Half of the 6th Millennium to the End of the 3rd Millennium BC
Results of archaeological surveys of paleocoastlines in the Western Estonian Lowland are discussed with paleogeographic reconstructions. Mapped sites and stray finds can be dated to the period between the end of the Pre-Pottery Mesolithic and the end of the Neolithic (roughly 5300–2000 cal BC). Uniquely for Estonia and neighbouring countries in this time frame, the overwhelming majority of the sites are aceramic (and the rest feature very few pot…
From a Concentration of Finds to Stone Age Architecture
High-quality documentation that was made during fieldwork at archaeological sites can provide new information for old excavations, even decades later. The revision of the archival data of the Stone Age settlement site Lommi III, located in the border zone of Russia and Estonia and excavated by Richard Indreko in 1940, allowed us to identify the remains of a Comb Ware culture (4th millennium cal BC) pit-house based on the concentration of artefact…
Buried in the Dunes
Cremation burials of the 1st millennium AD were probably one of the most spread but the least studied funeral traditions in the north-west of Eastern Europe. In 2013, a single cremation Rosson 11 was found in a rather untypical landscape in the Narvaâ Luga Klint Bay area, by the Russianâ Estonian border. The burial was located at the foot of KudrukÃ1⁄4la palaeospit, 1 km away from the shoreline of the Baltic Sea, in a plain and marshy area. Burnt…
Using Radiocarbon Dates and Tool Design Principles to Assess the Role of Composite Slotted Bone Tool Technology at the Intersection of Adaptation and Culture-History
Slotted bone tools are an iconic example of composite tool technology in which change in one of the components does not require changing the design of the other parts. Commonly, slotted bone tools are seen through the lens of lithic technology, highlighting organizational aspects related to serial production of insets, reliability and maintainability. In this framework, slotted bone tool technology is associated with risk aversion in demanding en…
Environment and Settlement Location Choice in Stone Age Estonia
The location choice of Stone Age settlements has been long considered to be influenced by environmental conditions. Proximity to water and sandy soils are most typical examples of those conditions. The notion of the influence resulted from the evidence from a relatively small amount of sites. During the recent decades the number of known settlements has increased to a level where statistical assessment of relation between environmental characteri…
Hunter-gatherer pit-houses in Stone Age Estonia
The adoption of pottery by north-east European hunter-gatherers
Tracing grog and pots to reveal Neolithic Corded Ware Culture contacts in the Baltic Sea region (SEM-EDS, Pixe)
New Ams Dates From Estonian Stone Age Burial Sites
The article discusses radiocarbon dates of 17 skeletons excavated from ten Stone Age burial sites in Estonia. The skeletons, dated by the AMS method in the frames of different research projects in recent years, are presented by burial sites together with detailed descriptions of the graves. The graves are compared with one another and main temporal differences and similarities are introduced. If the obtained results are different from the interpr…
Using Radiocarbon Dates and Tool Design Principles to Assess the Role of Composite Slotted Bone Tool Technology at the Intersection of Adaptation and Culture-History
Slotted bone tools are an iconic example of composite tool technology in which change in one of the components does not require changing the design of the other parts. Commonly, slotted bone tools are seen through the lens of lithic technology, highlighting organizational aspects related to serial production of insets, reliability and maintainability. In this framework, slotted bone tool technology is associated with risk aversion in demanding en…
Late Mesolithic Narva Stage in Estonia
This paper gives a systematized overview of different Narva stage sites in Estonia, describing their artefactual and archaeozoological material, and environmental conditions. We demonstrate the diversity of Narva stage settlement types (sites on coastal river estuaries, coast, coastal lagoons, inland river banks and shores of inland lakes) and economy (marine, terrestrial/inland aquatic and mixed subsistence) in the region. A further site-based d…
The transmission of pottery technology among prehistoric European hunter-gatherers
Human history has been shaped by global dispersals of technologies, although understanding of what enabled these processes is limited. Here, we explore the behavioural mechanisms that led to the emergence of pottery among hunter-gatherer communities in Europe during the mid-Holocene. Through radiocarbon dating, we propose this dispersal occurred at a far faster rate than previously thought. Chemical characterization of organic residues shows that…
Classification of archaeological adhesives from Eastern Europe and Urals by ATR‐FT‐IR spectroscopy and chemometric analysis
Attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FT‐IR) analysis of 100 adhesive samples from different prehistoric composite artefacts, pottery, and amorphous lumps across Eastern Europe and Urals were conducted with the aim to establish a fast analytical screening method for adhesive assignment. The ATR‐FT‐IR analysis allowed the identification of major chemical components of the adhesive samples that were assigned to th…
Hunter-gatherer pit-houses in Stone Age Estonia
New Ams Dates of the Neolithic and Bronze Age Ceramics in Estonia
The AMS dates of the carbonized organics on eight Neolithic and Bronze Age potsherds found in Estonia are presented and interpreted considering the previous dates of textileimpressed pottery, ceramic typology and textile history.New dates confirmed the earlier supposition that making textile impressions on clay vessels (of the Late Combed Ware and Early Textile Ceramics) started already at the end of the Neolithic, yet the new results dated the a…
Holocene relative shore-level changes and Stone Age palaeogeography of the Pärnu Bay area, eastern Baltic Sea
The shore displacement and palaeogeography of the Pärnu Bay area, eastern Baltic Sea, during the Stone Age, were reconstructed using sedimentological and archaeological proxies and GIS-based landscape modelling. We discovered and studied buried palaeochannel sediments on the coastal lowland and in the shallow offshore of the Pärnu Bay and interpreted these data together with previously published shore displacement evidence. The reconstructed rela…
Sea level changes and Neolithic hunter-fisher-gatherers in the centre of Tallinn, southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Relative sea level (RSL) changes and the palaeogeography of a Neolithic hunter-fisher-gatherer settlement site on the former shore of the Gulf of Finland in the city centre of Tallinn were reconstructed by implementing GIS in landscape modelling based on archaeological, sedimentary and shore displacement data. AMS radiocarbon dating of mammal bones from the cultural layer suggests the existence of the hunter-fisher-gatherer settlement around 5.1–…
Shore Displacement Chronology of the Estonian Stone Age
The article gives a close view of a shore displacement chronology compiled on the basis of the material from sixty Stone Age settlement sites discovered on the Estonian mainland coast and on Western Estonian islands.Despite the insufficiency of data the placing of the sites in a distance-elevation diagram and the distinguishing of simultaneous shorelines enables one to create a dating system that could be used for finding seashore-related sites a…
The Mesolithic settlement in Ne Savo, Finland
Eesti Esiaja Periodiseering Ja Kronoloogia
Corded Ware Culture Plant Gathering at the Narva-Jõesuu IIB Settlement and Burial Site in Estonia
Plant use of the Corded Ware Culture (2800–2000 cal BC) communities in Estonia and more broadly in the eastern Baltic area has not been systematically studied using archaeobotanical methods. This article presents the first archaeobotanical study from a Stone Age context in Estonia, and discusses plant use at the Corded Ware Culture settlement and burial site of Narva-Jõesuu IIB in the north-eastern part of the country. Analysis revealed the first…
Jägala Jõesuu v Stone Age Settlement Site in Northern Estonia
The settlement site of Jägala JÃμesuu V is located in northern Estonia in the village of JÃμesuu, about 200 m from the eastern bank of the Jägala River and about 2 km from the present-day coast of the Baltic Sea. It was discovered during the fieldwork in 2011, and 275 m2 was researched during rescue excavations in the course of road renovation. The remains of one pit-house (partly excavated), several pits and fireplaces were found. The collection…
Environment and Settlement Location Choice in Stone Age Estonia
The location choice of Stone Age settlements has been long considered to be influenced by environmental conditions. Proximity to water and sandy soils are most typical examples of those conditions. The notion of the influence resulted from the evidence from a relatively small amount of sites. During the recent decades the number of known settlements has increased to a level where statistical assessment of relation between environmental characteri…
Kroodi Ja Vihasoo Iii Asula Eesti Varaneoliitiliste Kultuurirühmade Kontekstis
Comb Ware cultures in the eastern Baltic
At first glance, the Comb Ware culture â or rather, cultures â appears to be one of the best studied Stone Age cultures in the eastern Baltic region; however, this is far from the truth. A number of questions remain regarding its eastern and southern borders, chronology, and internal divisions. One of the main difficulties significantly complicating the understanding of this cultural phenomenon is the diversity of terminology, which has develope…
Defining the Estonian strontium isoscape for archeological and paleoecological provenance studies
Strontium isotope analysis has been used in archeology for about 40 years to study the provenance and mobility of ancient humans and animals. The interpretation of strontium isotope compositions in archeological materials requires a reference isotopic baseline map that delineates the geographical variation of bioavailable strontium. This paper introduces the first full map of bioavailable strontium in Estonia, based on the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of bio…
Comparing contemporaneous hunter-gatherer and early agrarian settlement systems with spatial point process models
Inductive locational models have been used for decades to map the probability of past settlements and identify the preferred environmental conditions for habitation. In this study we apply inductive modelling to compare the spatial structure of the settlement systems of hunter-fisher-gatherer groups (Narva and Combed Ware Culture) and early agrarian communities (Corded Ware Culture) in Stone Age Estonia. We conceptualise settlement system formati…
Complex mortuary treatment of a Corded Ware Culture individual from the Eastern Baltic
Ground‐penetrating Radar and Geological Study of the Kudruküla Stone Age Archaeological Site, Northeast Estonia
A combined ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), drilling and diatom survey was carried out in order to characterize formation of the Kudruküla Stone Age Comb Ware archaeological site, northeast Estonia. A few decades ago a cultural layer was discovered, located within fine‐grained sands of the right bank of the Kudruküla Stream an altitude of 1.25–1.60 m above sea level. The layer is 15–35 cm thick and composed of poorly sorted sand of intensive reddi…
Archaeological Excavations on the Neolithic Site of Riigiküla Iv
Archaeological Studies on the Kõpu Peninsula
Kroodi Ja Vihasoo Iii Asula Eesti Varaneoliitiliste Kultuurirühmade Kontekstis
Vaibla Kivikirves
Eesti Esiaja Periodiseering Ja Kronoloogia
Shore Displacement Chronology of the Estonian Stone Age
The article gives a close view of a shore displacement chronology compiled on the basis of the material from sixty Stone Age settlement sites discovered on the Estonian mainland coast and on Western Estonian islands.Despite the insufficiency of data the placing of the sites in a distance-elevation diagram and the distinguishing of simultaneous shorelines enables one to create a dating system that could be used for finding seashore-related sites a…
Early Holocene coastal settlements and palaeoenvironment on the shore of the Baltic Sea at Pärnu, southwestern Estonia
New Ams Dates of the Neolithic and Bronze Age Ceramics in Estonia
The AMS dates of the carbonized organics on eight Neolithic and Bronze Age potsherds found in Estonia are presented and interpreted considering the previous dates of textileimpressed pottery, ceramic typology and textile history.New dates confirmed the earlier supposition that making textile impressions on clay vessels (of the Late Combed Ware and Early Textile Ceramics) started already at the end of the Neolithic, yet the new results dated the a…
A New Early Bronze Age Socketed Axe
A bronze axe found from Eesnurga village is described. According to some indirect parallels reported from Scandinavia and southern Baltic region, the axe can probably be dated to period III of the Nordic Bronze Age. On käsitletud Eesnurga kÃ1⁄4last leitud pronkskirvest. Otsustades mÃμningate ligikaudsete paralleelide pÃμhjal Skandinaaviast ja lÃμunapoolsest Baltikumist, on tegu arvatavasti pronksiaja III perioodil valmistatud esemega
New Ams Dates From Estonian Stone Age Burial Sites
The article discusses radiocarbon dates of 17 skeletons excavated from ten Stone Age burial sites in Estonia. The skeletons, dated by the AMS method in the frames of different research projects in recent years, are presented by burial sites together with detailed descriptions of the graves. The graves are compared with one another and main temporal differences and similarities are introduced. If the obtained results are different from the interpr…
The Mesolithic settlement in Ne Savo, Finland
Ground‐penetrating Radar and Geological Study of the Kudruküla Stone Age Archaeological Site, Northeast Estonia
A combined ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), drilling and diatom survey was carried out in order to characterize formation of the Kudruküla Stone Age Comb Ware archaeological site, northeast Estonia. A few decades ago a cultural layer was discovered, located within fine‐grained sands of the right bank of the Kudruküla Stream an altitude of 1.25–1.60 m above sea level. The layer is 15–35 cm thick and composed of poorly sorted sand of intensive reddi…
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age w…
Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 Years Ago
The bacteria Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague and has caused human pandemics with millions of deaths in historic times. How and when it originated remains contentious. Here, we report the oldest direct evidence of Yersinia pestis identified by ancient DNA in human teeth from Asia and Europe dating from 2,800 to 5,000 years ago. By sequencing the genomes, we find that these ancient plague strains are basal to all known Yersinia p…
Sea level changes and Neolithic hunter-fisher-gatherers in the centre of Tallinn, southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Relative sea level (RSL) changes and the palaeogeography of a Neolithic hunter-fisher-gatherer settlement site on the former shore of the Gulf of Finland in the city centre of Tallinn were reconstructed by implementing GIS in landscape modelling based on archaeological, sedimentary and shore displacement data. AMS radiocarbon dating of mammal bones from the cultural layer suggests the existence of the hunter-fisher-gatherer settlement around 5.1–…
The adoption of pottery by north-east European hunter-gatherers
Late Mesolithic Narva Stage in Estonia
This paper gives a systematized overview of different Narva stage sites in Estonia, describing their artefactual and archaeozoological material, and environmental conditions. We demonstrate the diversity of Narva stage settlement types (sites on coastal river estuaries, coast, coastal lagoons, inland river banks and shores of inland lakes) and economy (marine, terrestrial/inland aquatic and mixed subsistence) in the region. A further site-based d…
Early-Middle Holocene archaeological periodization and environmental changes in the Eastern Gulf of Finland
Kohtla-Vanaküla Weapons and Tools Deposit
Kohtla sacrificial site is a unique deposit of Iron Age weapons and tools concealed in watery context, located in north-eastern Estonia. It was discovered by a metal detectorist in 2013 and thoroughly studied by archaeologists in 2013 and 2014. The two fieldwork seasons resulted in a collection of artefacts and their fragments from the total of at least 400 initial objects. As a result, the Kohtla find is the largest of its kind in Estonia and se…
Tracing grog and pots to reveal Neolithic Corded Ware Culture contacts in the Baltic Sea region (SEM-EDS, Pixe)
Quartz Assemblage from the Early Mesolithic Helvetinhaudanpuro Settlement Site in Eastern Central Finland
This research was supported by the research project of the Estonian Research Council ‘Estonia in Circum-Baltic space: archaeology of economic, social, and cultural processes’ (IUT20-7) and “Natural selection and migrations in shaping human genetic diversity in East European Plain. An ancient DNA study” (PRG243)
Complex mortuary treatment of a Corded Ware Culture individual from the Eastern Baltic
Holocene relative shore-level changes and Stone Age palaeogeography of the Pärnu Bay area, eastern Baltic Sea
The shore displacement and palaeogeography of the Pärnu Bay area, eastern Baltic Sea, during the Stone Age, were reconstructed using sedimentological and archaeological proxies and GIS-based landscape modelling. We discovered and studied buried palaeochannel sediments on the coastal lowland and in the shallow offshore of the Pärnu Bay and interpreted these data together with previously published shore displacement evidence. The reconstructed rela…
Environment and Settlement Location Choice in Stone Age Estonia
The location choice of Stone Age settlements has been long considered to be influenced by environmental conditions. Proximity to water and sandy soils are most typical examples of those conditions. The notion of the influence resulted from the evidence from a relatively small amount of sites. During the recent decades the number of known settlements has increased to a level where statistical assessment of relation between environmental characteri…
Hunter-gatherer pit-houses in Stone Age Estonia
Archaeology (36 obras) · Geography (34 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (30 obras) · History (20 obras) · History (19 obras) · Geology (18 obras) · Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies (17 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (15 obras) · Historical and Archaeological Studies (13 obras) · Ancient history (11 obras)