R Wallace
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 1949 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | R Wallace |
| NOMBRES | R |
| APELLIDO | Wallace |
| FIRMA | WALLACE R |
| AFILIACIONES | New York State Psychiatric Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1097-8507 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 54 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 506 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 54 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1935 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Faunal and Floral Analysis of Two Archaeological Sites at Orongorongo River Mouth, South-East Cook Strait, New Zealand
Two small archaeological sites along the northern shore of Cook Strait New Zealand contained midden remains of fish and shellfish, together with charcoal from fired earth ovens and open fires. These remains provide insight into the food gathered and cooked by pre-European Māori in the period AD 1570 to 1720. The charcoal is mainly from coastal shrubby species, but some is from larger trees, suggesting forest close by during the time of occupation…
Faunal and Floral Analysis of Two Archaeological Sites at Orongorongo River Mouth, South-East Cook Strait, New Zealand
Two small archaeological sites along the northern shore of Cook Strait New Zealand contained midden remains of fish and shellfish, together with charcoal from fired earth ovens and open fires. These remains provide insight into the food gathered and cooked by pre-European Māori in the period AD 1570 to 1720. The charcoal is mainly from coastal shrubby species, but some is from larger trees, suggesting forest close by during the time of occupation…
Full issue
At the time of this writing, massive wildland fires are burning in California and Oregon in the United States. The largest, the 680,000-plus-acre Dixie Fire, is burning in Butte, Plumas, Lassen, Tehama, and Shasta counties in Northern California. The Dixie Fire has become the second largest fire in California's recorded history. It has leveled the town of Greenville, population about 900
Covid-19 in New York City
Main streets and disaster
Main Streets are civic/commercial centers of neighborhoods. They are also nodes in regional networks of streets, which together create a net of connection referred to here as the ‘tangle.’ This tangle serves as a physical substrate for community interconnection and its expression as collective efficacy. We examine two regions hit by disaster. We postulate that the unevenness of the Main Street nodes undermines collective efficacy and impedes reco…
Ebola’s Ecologies
Across the zones of Southern monoculture and deforestation, the environmental impacts of agro-economic restructuring can be traced down to the level of the virion and the molecule. A case study of West Africa’s Ebola virus, responsible for over 11,000 deaths in the last three years, illustrates this epidemiological shift
The dawn of Structural One Health
Did Ebola Emerge in West Africa by a Policy-Driven Phase Change in Agroecology? Ebola's Social Context
BACKGROUND:Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of human hypertension. Somatic mutations in KCNJ5, CACNA1D, ATP1A1, and ATP2B3 are found in at least 80% of aldosterone-producing adenomas, which cause unilateral PA in humans. Somatic mutations have been identified infrequently in 7 other genes; few of these were known to play a role in aldosterone secretion before the discovery of their mutations. Interrogating somatic mutations in the dom…
Serial Forced Displacement in American Cities, 1916–2010
Evolutionary radiation and the spectrum of consciousness
Urban Systems during Disasters
Urban neighborhoods form the basic functional unit of municipalities. Socioeconomically, they consist of social networks and interlocking layers of social networks. Old, stable neighborhoods are blessed with large social networks and dense interlocking layers. Both social control and social support depend on these complex structures of tight and loose ties. Public health and public order depend on these structures. They are the basis of resilienc…
Developmental Disorders as Pathological Resilience Domains
Ecosystem resilience theory permits novel exploration of developmental psychiatric and chronic physical disorders. Structured psychosocial stress, and similar noxious exposures, can write distorted images of themselves onto child growth, and, if sufficiently powerful, adult development as well, initiating a punctuated life course trajectory to characteristic forms of comorbid mind/body dysfunction. For an individual, within the linked network of …
Plague and power relations
Public policy and economic practice, quintessential expressions of institutional cognition, create an opportunity structure constituting a tunable, highly patterned,‘non‐white noise’ in a generalized epidemiological stochastic resonance that can efficiently amplify unhealthy living and working conditions, particularly within highly concentrated, marginalized urban populations, to evoke infectious disease outbreaks. This is especially true for the…
The Unstable Public-Health Ecology of the New York Metropolitan Region
Empirical techniques adapted from ecosystem-resilience theory allow estimation of how public health and public order within the New York Metropolitan Region respond to perturbations driven by changes in policy or economic structure. This approach constitutes a rigorous methodology for health-impact assessment, providing a quantitative measure of the stability of the region. Contrary to entrenched cultural assumption, affluent suburban counties an…
A failure of resilience
Consciousness
Community stress, demoralization, and body mass index
Life and Death in Upper Manhattan and the Bronx
During the 1970s, poor neighborhoods of New York City lost significant proportions of housing and associated community structure to a policy-driven process of contagious fire and building abandonment. The south Bronx was among the most heavily damaged areas. Here we analyze and compare the interrelationships between socioeconomic factors, housing, demographics, and two health outcomes (low-weight birth rate and homicide rate) in the southwest Bro…
Emerging Infections and Nested Martingales
The observed diffusion of tuberculosis and AIDS from marginalized, inner-city populations to surrounding suburban counties, and of AIDS from larger to smaller metropolitan regions, constitutes an empirical 'failure of containment' at odds with the culturally defined ideology of the US system of de facto apartheid. Such spread, occurring along the commuting field defined by the daily journey to work, and along national travel routes connecting met…
Why Simple Regression Models Work So Well Describing 'Risk Behaviors' in the USA
The generalized anger created by individual experience of marginalization in the USA makes violent behavior frequent enough to become a 'typical' symbol, in the information-theoretic sense, for use in communicating along the damaged social networks of oppressed communities. Simple regression models relating violence and other risk behaviors to indices of relative deprivation emerge, after some mathematical development, as a natural consequence of…
Deindustrialization, Inner-City Decay, and the Hierarchical Diffusion of Aids in the USA
AIDS is well known to have diffused hierarchically among US metropolitan regions, from the larger to the smaller, along national travel routes. Here we relate that diffusion to economic and social policy, by using approaches from population and community ecology and quantitative geography. We find that patterns of deindustrialization driven by cold war policies have interacted synergistically with the 'planned shrinkage' hollowing-out of poor min…
Scales of geography, time, and population
OBJECTIVES: In this study, data on violent deaths in the Bronx, New York City, from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 censuses were analyzed. METHODS: The incidence and areal density of intentional deaths were mapped by health area. Simple and stepwise regressions between violent death measures and other factors were performed. RESULTS: The incidence of deaths at levels of those in the highest 1970 quintile spread so that by 1990 only 2 areas saw incidenc…
The hierarchical diffusion of Aids and violent crime among U.S. metropolitan regions
Census data on migration within and between the 25 largest U.S. metropolitan areas-containing more than 113 million people-permit construction of a probability-of-contact matrix corresponding to a particular Markov process dominated by the nation's largest cities, a hierarchical structure. Regression models based on vectors associated with that process find the large-scale diffusion of AIDS in the U.S.A. depends strongly on national patterns of c…
The Destruction of US Minority Urban Communities and the Resurgence of Tuberculosis
Techniques from population and community ecology and from conservation biology are applied to the growing tuberculosis (TB) epidemic now focused in many US urban minority communities. Modification of a simple spatial model of TB to include the effects of recurring social, political, economic, and other catastrophes shows that a sudden increase in the rate of such factors can markedly and synergistically lower the threshold area density of suscept…
Resilience and Persistence of the Synergism of Plagues
We adapt recent perspectives on the resilience of ecosystems in a stochastic environment to analysis of the effects of public policies of 'planned shrinkage' on stressed US urban minority neighborhoods. The 'synergism of plagues'-a self-reinforcing, interactive mix of contagious urban decay and deterioration in both public health and public order-emerges in the course of a sudden 'phase transition' from community-spanning geographically focused s…
Urban desertification, public health and public order
Serial Forced Displacement in American Cities, 1916–2010
The dawn of Structural One Health
Social disintegration and the spread of Aids
Social disintegration and the spread of Aids-II
U.S. Apartheid and the spread of Aids to the suburbs
We compare mechanisms of AIDS diffusion at the county level from five U.S. central city epicenters into their associated metropolitan regions. Four of the five show an expanding 'hollowed out' center of physically and socially devastated, politically and economically abandoned high density minority neighborhoods, surrounded by rings of relatively affluent majority suburban populations. From these centers AIDS diffuses into the suburbs as a single…
Traveling waves of HIV infection on a low dimensional 'socio-geographic' network
Observation of an essentially linear growth in time of U.S. and New York City AIDS cases, from about 1984 through early 1988, is shown to imply a relatively constant rate of transmission of HIV infection in its early stages, as has been observed for limited times in cohorts of male homosexuals in San Francisco and New York City. Observation by Potterat et al. of an exceptionally close intertwining of spatial and social patterns of endemic gonorrh…
Will Aids be contained within U.S. minority urban populations
Aids Deaths in the Bronx 1983-1988
Patterns of AIDS deaths, in space and time, are examined for the populous Bronx section of New York City in view of the continuing massive destruction of housing and disruption of community which has affected the South Bronx since the early 1970s. Annual Bronx AIDS deaths are studied simultaneously in geographic space and in a dual 'social variate' space, and it is found that study of linked changes in each deeply illuminates patterns in both. Th…
Homelessness', Contagious Destruction of Housing, and Municipal Service Cuts in New York City
Approaches from community and population ecology are adapted to study 'homelessness' in New York City, where long-standing and continued reductions of critical housing-related municipal services, particularly fire extinguishment, to levels below those needed for maintaining urban population densities have triggered waves of coupled contagious destruction of low-income housing and forced migration of population. Massive destruction of housing, aft…
The hierarchical diffusion of Aids and violent crime among U.S. metropolitan regions
Census data on migration within and between the 25 largest U.S. metropolitan areas-containing more than 113 million people-permit construction of a probability-of-contact matrix corresponding to a particular Markov process dominated by the nation's largest cities, a hierarchical structure. Regression models based on vectors associated with that process find the large-scale diffusion of AIDS in the U.S.A. depends strongly on national patterns of c…
Aids, violence and behavioral coding
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Aids and TB in the New York Metropolitan Region from a Sociogeographic Perspective
Empirical and theoretical analyses based on observed patterns of incidence of AIDS and tuberculosis, on rates of poverty, and on statistics describing a 'Markov infection' driven by the 'commuting field' around Manhattan, strongly suggest that urban and suburban epicenters within a twenty-four-county metropolitan region, covering eighteen million people and more than 7600 square miles, may be significantly and increasingly linked to outlying affl…
Contagion and incubation in New York City structural fires 1964?1976
Structural Fire as an Urban Parasite
In further exploration of structural fire as an urban parasite, the influence of areal population density and housing overcrowding on incidence and average size of structural fires is analyzed. Because the more people per square mile and per room the greater the incidence and size of the structural fires, the destruction of housing by fire and fire-related building abandonment creates fertile ground for even greater fire damage due to the crowdin…
Aids, Tuberculosis, Violent Crime, and Low Birthweight in Eight US Metropolitan Areas
In previous papers of this series we have shown how public policies of 'planned shrinkage' triggered contagious urban decay and massive destruction of low-income housing within poor minority communities of New York City. The resulting social disintegration exacerbated epidemics of infectious disease, including AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and TB (tuberculosis), and such behavioral pathologies as substance abuse and violence. We exten…
Inner-City Disease and the Public Health of the Suburbs
The political abandonment of impoverished inner-city minority populations has caused the virtual physical implosion of many US urban neighborhoods, ranging from the New York City's South Bronx to Los Angeles' South Central. Resulting extreme levels of social disintegration and community disruption, in turn, have greatly intensified a nexus of interrelated pathological behaviors and conditions leading to more rapid spread of human immunodeficiency…
Urban Fire as an Unstabilized Parasite
Fire service cuts recommended by the Rand Corporation, and largely implemented before New York City's 'fiscal crisis', are known to have initiated a geographically spreading, temporally recurrent fire epidemic. Examination of a resulting fire outbreak in Brooklyn's Bushwick section shows the epidemic to have temporal and spatial 'patchiness' characteristics of a parasite infestation, as well as an apparent composite 'life cycle', but without the …
Urban Systems during Disasters
Urban neighborhoods form the basic functional unit of municipalities. Socioeconomically, they consist of social networks and interlocking layers of social networks. Old, stable neighborhoods are blessed with large social networks and dense interlocking layers. Both social control and social support depend on these complex structures of tight and loose ties. Public health and public order depend on these structures. They are the basis of resilienc…
Deindustrialization, Inner-City Decay, and the Hierarchical Diffusion of Aids in the USA
AIDS is well known to have diffused hierarchically among US metropolitan regions, from the larger to the smaller, along national travel routes. Here we relate that diffusion to economic and social policy, by using approaches from population and community ecology and quantitative geography. We find that patterns of deindustrialization driven by cold war policies have interacted synergistically with the 'planned shrinkage' hollowing-out of poor min…
Homelessness', Contagious Destruction of Housing, and Municipal Service Cuts in New York City
This paper expands on an earlier analysis finding that massive loss of housing to contagious urban decay in New York City, after a delay, has materially contributed to creation of a literal famine of housing and community. As in traditional food famines, a great housing deficit, some estimates suggest a quarter million unit shortfall affecting perhaps a million people, has structured itself according to the city's social hierarchy, striking most …
Did Ebola Emerge in West Africa by a Policy-Driven Phase Change in Agroecology? Ebola's Social Context
BACKGROUND:Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of human hypertension. Somatic mutations in KCNJ5, CACNA1D, ATP1A1, and ATP2B3 are found in at least 80% of aldosterone-producing adenomas, which cause unilateral PA in humans. Somatic mutations have been identified infrequently in 7 other genes; few of these were known to play a role in aldosterone secretion before the discovery of their mutations. Interrogating somatic mutations in the dom…
Community stress, demoralization, and body mass index
Resilience and Persistence of the Synergism of Plagues
We adapt recent perspectives on the resilience of ecosystems in a stochastic environment to analysis of the effects of public policies of 'planned shrinkage' on stressed US urban minority neighborhoods. The 'synergism of plagues'-a self-reinforcing, interactive mix of contagious urban decay and deterioration in both public health and public order-emerges in the course of a sudden 'phase transition' from community-spanning geographically focused s…
Recurrent Collapse of the Fire Service in New York City
Analysis of persistent and recurring episodes of large-scale collapse of the fire service in New York City suggests a striking inverse to Granovetter's 'strength of weak ties' analysis of social system integration: that hierarchical paramilitary systems can become fatally unstable if locally based, strong self-interacting equivalence classes of units are unable to answer the vast majority of calls for service without assignment of units from othe…
The Paper Industry of the Pennines
The Physical Background THE Pennine Highland is the dominant feature in the relief of North England, and has a length of about 150 miles and a mean width of 50 miles. That part of it south of Craven Gap may be divided into two sections; from High Peak northwards the surface rocks are composed chiefly of the Millstone Grit series, while to the south of Rushup Edge the landscape is formed principally of the Carboniferous limestones. This essay is c…
Hume, Flew, and the Miraculous
Journal Article Hume, Flew, and the Miraculous Get access R. C. Wallace R. C. Wallace University of Durham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 20, Issue 80, July 1970, Pages 230–243, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218396 Published: 01 July 1970
Do Religious Claims Make Sense
Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Do Religious Claims Make Sense? By Stuart C. Brown. (London : SCM Press. 1969. Pp. xx + 183. Price 36s) R. C. Wallace R. C. Wallace Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 20, Issue 81, October 1970, Pages 412–413, https://doi.org/10.2307/2217675 Published: 01 October 1970
The epidemiologic rationale for the failure to eradicate measles in the United States
The epidemiologic rationale for the failure to eradicate measles in the United States. J L Conrad, R Wallace, and J J WitteCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.61.11.2304 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Contagion and incubation in New York City structural fires 1964?1976
Fire service productivity and the New York City fire crisis
Urban Fire as an Unstabilized Parasite
Fire service cuts recommended by the Rand Corporation, and largely implemented before New York City's 'fiscal crisis', are known to have initiated a geographically spreading, temporally recurrent fire epidemic. Examination of a resulting fire outbreak in Brooklyn's Bushwick section shows the epidemic to have temporal and spatial 'patchiness' characteristics of a parasite infestation, as well as an apparent composite 'life cycle', but without the …
Structural Fire as an Urban Parasite
In further exploration of structural fire as an urban parasite, the influence of areal population density and housing overcrowding on incidence and average size of structural fires is analyzed. Because the more people per square mile and per room the greater the incidence and size of the structural fires, the destruction of housing by fire and fire-related building abandonment creates fertile ground for even greater fire damage due to the crowdin…
Homelessness', Contagious Destruction of Housing, and Municipal Service Cuts in New York City
Approaches from community and population ecology are adapted to study 'homelessness' in New York City, where long-standing and continued reductions of critical housing-related municipal services, particularly fire extinguishment, to levels below those needed for maintaining urban population densities have triggered waves of coupled contagious destruction of low-income housing and forced migration of population. Massive destruction of housing, aft…
Homelessness', Contagious Destruction of Housing, and Municipal Service Cuts in New York City
This paper expands on an earlier analysis finding that massive loss of housing to contagious urban decay in New York City, after a delay, has materially contributed to creation of a literal famine of housing and community. As in traditional food famines, a great housing deficit, some estimates suggest a quarter million unit shortfall affecting perhaps a million people, has structured itself according to the city's social hierarchy, striking most …
Urban desertification, public health and public order
Traveling waves of HIV infection on a low dimensional 'socio-geographic' network
Observation of an essentially linear growth in time of U.S. and New York City AIDS cases, from about 1984 through early 1988, is shown to imply a relatively constant rate of transmission of HIV infection in its early stages, as has been observed for limited times in cohorts of male homosexuals in San Francisco and New York City. Observation by Potterat et al. of an exceptionally close intertwining of spatial and social patterns of endemic gonorrh…
Social disintegration and the spread of Aids
Housing Famine and Homelessness
A famine paradigm of low-income housing deficit in the USA first introduced by recent studies of homelessness in New York City is extended to understand how impacts of that deficit may be structured according to the social network length of low-income families. A simplified mathematical model suggests that poor families with truncated social support networks are most vulnerable to housing famine, and explores how the famine may synergistically in…
Aids Deaths in the Bronx 1983-1988
Patterns of AIDS deaths, in space and time, are examined for the populous Bronx section of New York City in view of the continuing massive destruction of housing and disruption of community which has affected the South Bronx since the early 1970s. Annual Bronx AIDS deaths are studied simultaneously in geographic space and in a dual 'social variate' space, and it is found that study of linked changes in each deeply illuminates patterns in both. Th…
A Stochastic Model of the Propagation of Local Fire Fronts in New York City
A stochastic model of block-level advancing contagious urban decay in New York City, under conditions of inadequate fire extinguishment services, is presented, based on earlier observations that spread of contagious urban decay in small areas of New York involves sudden clusters of fires which propagate from affected blocks to those nearby, as landlords withdraw maintenance services from occupied buildings near damaged structures, in preparation …
A Fractal Model of HIV Transmission on Complex Sociogeographic Networks
A paradigm of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) transmission along very large 'sociogeographic' networks-spatially focused nets of social interaction-is extended to include fractal (dilationally self-similar) structures upon which a metric of 'sociogeographic' distance can be defined. It is conjectured that, by proper definition of such a metric, the complex filamentary structure of a spreading infection may be mapped onto a simple, radially exp…
Social disintegration and the spread of Aids-II
Inner-City Disease and the Public Health of the Suburbs
The political abandonment of impoverished inner-city minority populations has caused the virtual physical implosion of many US urban neighborhoods, ranging from the New York City's South Bronx to Los Angeles' South Central. Resulting extreme levels of social disintegration and community disruption, in turn, have greatly intensified a nexus of interrelated pathological behaviors and conditions leading to more rapid spread of human immunodeficiency…
Recurrent Collapse of the Fire Service in New York City
Analysis of persistent and recurring episodes of large-scale collapse of the fire service in New York City suggests a striking inverse to Granovetter's 'strength of weak ties' analysis of social system integration: that hierarchical paramilitary systems can become fatally unstable if locally based, strong self-interacting equivalence classes of units are unable to answer the vast majority of calls for service without assignment of units from othe…
A Fractal Model of HIV Transmission on Complex Sociogeographic Networks. Part 2
Study of the initial stages of HIV transmission along a ‘sociogeographic network’—a large, complex, spatially focused social network with possibly fractal geometry—is extended to include interaction between a low-dimensional ghettoized ‘core group’ within which the disease spreads very rapidly and a higher dimensional, more loosely structured ‘general population’ in which spread is relatively slow. A mathematical modeling exercise suggests that c…
Spatial Structures and Scientific Paradoxes in the Aids Pandemic
A geographical analysis of the AIDS epidemic in the United States requires a reification of the individual by adopting a 'social physics' perspective. Carefully employed, spatial aggregation of individual cases circumvents the problem of patient confidentiality, and produces spatial series containing valuable scientific information generally ignored by traditional epidemiologists. The diffusion of AIDS from 1982 to 1990 at the national level prov…
Will Aids be contained within U.S. minority urban populations
U.S. Apartheid and the spread of Aids to the suburbs
We compare mechanisms of AIDS diffusion at the county level from five U.S. central city epicenters into their associated metropolitan regions. Four of the five show an expanding 'hollowed out' center of physically and socially devastated, politically and economically abandoned high density minority neighborhoods, surrounded by rings of relatively affluent majority suburban populations. From these centers AIDS diffuses into the suburbs as a single…
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Aids and TB in the New York Metropolitan Region from a Sociogeographic Perspective
Empirical and theoretical analyses based on observed patterns of incidence of AIDS and tuberculosis, on rates of poverty, and on statistics describing a 'Markov infection' driven by the 'commuting field' around Manhattan, strongly suggest that urban and suburban epicenters within a twenty-four-county metropolitan region, covering eighteen million people and more than 7600 square miles, may be significantly and increasingly linked to outlying affl…
Geography (36 obras) · Sociology (31 obras) · Medicine (22 obras) · Demography (21 obras) · Economics (21 obras) · Political science (19 obras) · Population (19 obras) · Biology (13 obras) · Computer Science (12 obras) · COVID-19 epidemiological studies (12 obras)