Gerald Markowitz
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 201826 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Gerald Markowitz |
| NOMBRES | Gerald |
| APELLIDO | Markowitz |
| FIRMA | MARKOWITZ G |
| AFILIACIONES | John Jay College of Criminal Justice |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 59 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 80 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1973 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
The FDA Acts to Eliminate Asbestos in Talc
Fraying Fabric
Ashamed” to Put His Name to It
One of the most well-documented episodes of scientific manipulation and overt fraud was the scandal involving Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories (IBT) in the 1970s and the chronic toxicity tests it conducted on behalf of Monsanto that ultimately led to the indictment and conviction of employees of IBT and the Monsanto Corporation. IBT, at the time the nation’s largest private laboratory, served a range of industries and government agencies. IBT con…
Sartre as prosecutor of occupational murder
On February 4, 1970, in the Fouquières-lès-Lens coal mine in northern France, sixteen miners were killed in a gas explosion (“firedamp,” grisou in French). This was an accident like many others before it, yet with a relatively high number of fatalities. The public prosecutor concluded, as usual, that there was no case against the publicly owned mine. No investigation was to be carried out. The accident had been the work of fate, of bad luck
Radiation Evangelists
Radiation Evangelists focuses on the researchers and practitioners who experimented with the curative powers of radiation and radium in the twenty years after their discovery at the turn of the twentieth century. Wilhelm Röntgen is generally regarded as having discovered X rays in 1895, followed a few years later by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie's identification of radium. Although the book focuses on the initial “evangelists,” its larger purpose …
Baby Powders and the Precautionary Principle
A Short History of Occupational Safety and Health in the United States
As this short history of occupational safety and health before and after establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) clearly demonstrates, labor has always recognized perils in the workplace, and as a result, workers’ safety and health have played an essential part of the battles for shorter hours, higher wages, and better working conditions. OSHA’s history is an intimate part of a long struggle over the rights of wo…
Alan I. Marcus. Malignant Growth
Alan I. Marcus’s Malignant Growth: Creating the Modern Cancer Research Establishment, 1875–1915 is a study of “the world’s first war on cancer” (3). It examines that “war” in all of its messiness, detailing the studies and other efforts that researchers and doctors worldwide made. In the late nineteenth century, the goal was to find the cause of cancer. Drawing inspiration from the ascendancy of the germ theory of disease and Robert Koch’s work i…
Deceit and Denial
Deceit and Denial details the attempts by the chemical and lead industries to deceive Americans about the dangers that their deadly products present to workers, the public, and consumers. Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner pursued evidence steadily and relentlessly, interviewed the important players, investigated untapped sources, and uncovered a bruising story of cynical and cruel disregard for health and human rights. This resulting exposé is fu…
A History of Occupational Health and Safety
Reviewed by: A History of Occupational Health and Safety: From 1905 to the Present by Michelle Follette Turk Gerald Markowitz Michelle Follette Turk. A History of Occupational Health and Safety: From 1905 to the Present. Wilber S. Shepperson Series in Nevada History. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2018. xii + 356 pp. Ill. $44.95 (978–1–943859–70–2). Michelle Follette Turk’s book makes a major contribution to the history of public health and oc…
An Enormous Victory for Public Health in California
An Enormous Victory for Public Health in California: Industries Are Responsible for Cleaning Up the Environments They Polluted David Rosner PhD, MPH, and Gerald Markowitz PhD Affiliation David Rosner is with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Gerald Markowitz is with the John Jay College and Graduate Center, City University of New York.CopyRightCorrespondence should be sent…
Nondetected”
The recent lawsuits against Johnson & Johnson have raised the issue of what and when talcum powder manufacturers knew about the presence of asbestos in their products and what they did or did not do to protect the public. Low-level exposure to asbestos in talc is said to result in either mesothelioma or ovarian cancer. Johnson & Johnson has claimed that there was “no detectable asbestos” in their products and that any possible incidental presence…
The Grid
Julie A. Cohn has written what she describes as a biography of the electric power grid in the United States, “the largest interconnected machine in the world” (p. 1). The “grid” developed in the United States over the course of more than a century and consisted of “thousands of entities—large and small, economically interdependent and autonomous, investor owned and government owned” (p. 40). Yet, over time, these disparate elements “led to the co…
Karen L. Walloch. The Antivaccine Heresy
Ain’t Necessarily So!”
Canada is proposing a ban on asbestos, and the US Environmental Protection Agency has listed it among the first 10 materials it is investigating under the new Toxic Substances Control Act revisions. However, this effort is currently running up against enormous industry and political opposition. Here, we detail the activities in the early 1970s of the Friction Materials Standards Institute, an industry trade association, to stifle earlier attempts…
Building the World That Kills Us
One of the most troubling urban health issues is childhood poisoning caused by lead, the widespread environmental toxin. It is in old plumbing fixtures, solder, paint and other building materials in huge quantities. Despite decades of improvements in blood lead levels among America’s children, the continuing presence of lead on the walls of the nation’s older houses and the known neurological effects of low-level exposures presents a classic prob…
Unleashed on an Unsuspecting World”
Examining previously underused corporate documents, we revisit the story of the Asbestos Information Association/North America, an industry trade group that sought in the early 1970s to counteract the growing public attention to, and government regulation of, asbestos as a serious threat to workers and consumers. From the mid-1960s through the early 1970s, according to its own spokesperson, asbestos was exposed as “probably the most hazardous ind…
Cody Ferguson. This Is Our Land
Cody Ferguson’s This Is Our Land: Grassroots Environmentalism in the Late Twentieth Century makes an important contribution to environmental history by reminding us of the significance of local struggles and movements. All too often historians tend to focus on the national story, including the assaults on federal regulation, especially during the Reagan administration and beyond, and in the process they neglect the stories on how local movements …
Rosner and Markowitz Respond
AffiliationsDavid Rosner is with the Mailman School of Public Health and the Center for the History and Ethics of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Gerald Markowitz is with the John Jay College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, and the Mailman School of Public Health
With the Best Intentions
In 2001, Maryland’s court of appeals was asked to decide whether researchers at Johns Hopkins University had engaged in unethical research on children. During the 1990s, Johns Hopkins’s Kennedy Krieger Institute had studied 108 African American children, aged 6 months to 6 years, to find an inexpensive and “practical” means to ameliorate lead poisoning. We have outlined the arguments in the case and the conundrum faced by public health researcher…
From the Triangle Fire to the BP Explosion
Community Health Centers
Reviewed by: Community Health Centers: A Movement and the People Who Made It Happen Gerald Markowitz Bonnie Lefkowitz. Community Health Centers: A Movement and the People Who Made It Happen. Critical Issues in Health and Medicine. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2007. xii + 177 pp. (cloth, 978-0-8135-3911-9) $23.95 (paperbound, 978-0-8135-3912-6). Much has been made of late about how the political and cultural wars of the 1960s hav…
L'histoire au prétoire
Les risques environnementaux et professionnels préoccupent de plus en plus les pays industrialisés soumis, vieillissement des populations aidant, à l'aggravation du fléau des maladies chroniques.Aux États-Unis,la responsabilité de ces formes nouvelles d'exposition aux produits toxiques se juge devant les tribunaux. Ces dernières années, la question de savoir à quel moment les entreprises,chimiques ou autres,ont eu connaissance de la nocivité de l…
A Problem of Slum Dwellings and Relatively Ignorant Parents”
In February 2006, in what the Rhode Island Supreme Court and others around the country called a “monumental lawsuit,” a jury of six men and women held lead pigment manufacturers liable for creating what some have called the largest and longest on-going public health disaster for children in United States history. The State of Rhode Island's Attorney General's Office had initiated the suit nearly six years before charging that the historical recor…
Toxic Drift
Journal Article Toxic Drift: Pesticides and Health in the Post-World War II South Get access Toxic Drift: Pesticides and Health in the Post–World War II South. By Daniel Pete. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005. xiv, 209 pp. $26.95, isbn0-8071-3098-2.) Gerald Markowitz Gerald Markowitz John Jay College and Graduate Center City University of New YorkNew York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Goog…
A 'gift of God
A recent article in the American Journal of Public Health noted the high correlation between the lead content of soil in urban areas and the elevated blood-lead levels of children in these cities. An editorial in the same issue of the Journal suggested that the "use of leaded gasoline and [high] traffic density" helped explain the is observation. For most public health experts, the controversy over the possible adverse effects of leaded gasoline …
L'histoire au prétoire
Les risques environnementaux et professionnels préoccupent de plus en plus les pays industrialisés soumis, vieillissement des populations aidant, à l'aggravation du fléau des maladies chroniques.Aux États-Unis,la responsabilité de ces formes nouvelles d'exposition aux produits toxiques se juge devant les tribunaux. Ces dernières années, la question de savoir à quel moment les entreprises,chimiques ou autres,ont eu connaissance de la nocivité de l…
Exploring the Dangerous Trades
In 1943, noted industrial health expert, Dr
Corporate Responsibility for Toxins
From the beginning of its history, industry has responded to calls for government regulation by arguing that voluntary compliance was sufficient to ensure that it acted responsibly. Here we outline three cases that raise broad policy questions concerning the degree to which we can trust industry to control its own behavior with regard to industrial pollutants. First, we outline the experience of Americans with the lead industry, the producer of a…
Race, foster care, and the politics of abandonment in New York City
Following the end of the Great Depression of the 1930s, the sectarian system of foster care services in New York City practiced open discrimination. African-American children were generally segregated in a small number of overcrowded and understaffed all-Black institutions. As the African-American migration to the city accelerated in the years following the outbreak of World War II, a small group of psychologists, jurists, philanthropists, and so…
With the Best Intentions
In 2001, Maryland’s court of appeals was asked to decide whether researchers at Johns Hopkins University had engaged in unethical research on children. During the 1990s, Johns Hopkins’s Kennedy Krieger Institute had studied 108 African American children, aged 6 months to 6 years, to find an inexpensive and “practical” means to ameliorate lead poisoning. We have outlined the arguments in the case and the conundrum faced by public health researcher…
The limits of thresholds
Since the 1930s threshold limit values have been presented as an objectively established measure of US industrial safety. However, there have been important questions raised regarding the adequacy of these thresholds for protecting workers from silicosis. This paper explores the historical debates over silica threshold limit values and the intense political negotiation that accompanied their establishment. In the 1930s and early 1940s, a coalitio…
A Short History of Occupational Safety and Health in the United States
As this short history of occupational safety and health before and after establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) clearly demonstrates, labor has always recognized perils in the workplace, and as a result, workers’ safety and health have played an essential part of the battles for shorter hours, higher wages, and better working conditions. OSHA’s history is an intimate part of a long struggle over the rights of wo…
Building the World That Kills Us
One of the most troubling urban health issues is childhood poisoning caused by lead, the widespread environmental toxin. It is in old plumbing fixtures, solder, paint and other building materials in huge quantities. Despite decades of improvements in blood lead levels among America’s children, the continuing presence of lead on the walls of the nation’s older houses and the known neurological effects of low-level exposures presents a classic prob…
Children, Race and Power
The Clarks established New York's Northside Center after World War II. At the centre the nation's most important child-welfare advocates, black leaders, academics and philanthropists came together seeking common ground. This study provides a biography of the Clarks and a history of the centre
An Enormous Victory for Public Health in California
An Enormous Victory for Public Health in California: Industries Are Responsible for Cleaning Up the Environments They Polluted David Rosner PhD, MPH, and Gerald Markowitz PhD Affiliation David Rosner is with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Gerald Markowitz is with the John Jay College and Graduate Center, City University of New York.CopyRightCorrespondence should be sent…
Nondetected”
The recent lawsuits against Johnson & Johnson have raised the issue of what and when talcum powder manufacturers knew about the presence of asbestos in their products and what they did or did not do to protect the public. Low-level exposure to asbestos in talc is said to result in either mesothelioma or ovarian cancer. Johnson & Johnson has claimed that there was “no detectable asbestos” in their products and that any possible incidental presence…
Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement
In the summer of 1989, an extended strike by the various “Baby Bell” telephone companies, including those of New York, Massachusetts, California, and thirteen other states in the Northeast, Midwest, and West Coast, brought to public attention the importance of health and hospital insurance to the nation's workers. In what the Los Angeles Times headline proclaimed was a “Phone Strike Centered on the Issue of Health Care,” workers at NYNEX, Pacific…
Slaves of the Depression
Journal Article “Slaves of the Depression”: Workers' Letters about Life on the Job. By Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987. xi + 229 pp. Cloth, $31.50; paper, $9.95.) Get access John T. Cumbler John T. Cumbler University of Louisville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 75, Issue 3, December 1988, Page 1005, https://doi.org/10.2307/1901…
Research Or Advocacy
David Rosner, Gerald Markowitz; Research Or Advocacy: Federal Occupational Safety And Health Policies During The New Deal, Journal of Social History, Volum
Fraying Fabric
Sartre as prosecutor of occupational murder
On February 4, 1970, in the Fouquières-lès-Lens coal mine in northern France, sixteen miners were killed in a gas explosion (“firedamp,” grisou in French). This was an accident like many others before it, yet with a relatively high number of fatalities. The public prosecutor concluded, as usual, that there was no case against the publicly owned mine. No investigation was to be carried out. The accident had been the work of fate, of bad luck
The Street of Walking Death
Journal Article “The Street of Walking Death”: Silicosis, Health, and Labor in the Tri-State Region, 1900–1950 Get access Gerald Markowitz, Gerald Markowitz professor of history John Jay College, City University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Rosner David Rosner professor of history Baruch College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York Search for other works by this author …
Dying for Work
Safety and Health on the Job as a Class Issue
PASSAGE OF THE 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) was a major victory for American labor and spurred the organization of dozens of coalitions uniting workers and community activists in Committees on Occupational Safety and Health (COSH). These innovative outgrowths of the post-OSHA era support worker grievances and often provide unions with technical advice about dangers at the workplace. Significantly, this interest in struggling for…
History in Shreds
Research Article| October 01 1982 History in Shreds: The Fate of the Freedom of Information Act Blanche Wiesen Cook; Blanche Wiesen Cook Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Gerald Markowitz Gerald Markowitz Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (1982) 1982 (26): 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1982-26-173 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Ci…
A Note on the Anti-Imperialist Movement of the 1890s
History in Shreds
Research Article| October 01 1982 History in Shreds: The Fate of the Freedom of Information Act Blanche Wiesen Cook; Blanche Wiesen Cook Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Gerald Markowitz Gerald Markowitz Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Radical History Review (1982) 1982 (26): 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1982-26-173 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Ci…
A Once Charitable Enterprise
Safety and Health on the Job as a Class Issue
PASSAGE OF THE 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) was a major victory for American labor and spurred the organization of dozens of coalitions uniting workers and community activists in Committees on Occupational Safety and Health (COSH). These innovative outgrowths of the post-OSHA era support worker grievances and often provide unions with technical advice about dangers at the workplace. Significantly, this interest in struggling for…
How not to Write History
A 'gift of God
A recent article in the American Journal of Public Health noted the high correlation between the lead content of soil in urban areas and the elevated blood-lead levels of children in these cities. An editorial in the same issue of the Journal suggested that the "use of leaded gasoline and [high] traffic density" helped explain the is observation. For most public health experts, the controversy over the possible adverse effects of leaded gasoline …
Response from Rosner and Markowitz
Response from Rosner and Markowitz David Rosner, and Gerald Markowitz CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.75.12.1452-b Published Online: October 07, 2011
Research Or Advocacy
David Rosner, Gerald Markowitz; Research Or Advocacy: Federal Occupational Safety And Health Policies During The New Deal, Journal of Social History, Volum
Slaves of the Depression
Dying for Work
Journal Article Dying for Work: Workers' Safety and Health in Twentieth-Century America. Ed. by David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987. xx + 234 pp. $35.00.) Get access Gary M. Fink Gary M. Fink Georgia State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 74, Issue 4, March 1988, Pages 1371–1372, https://doi.org/10.2307/1894483 Publis…
Slaves of the Depression
Journal Article “Slaves of the Depression”: Workers' Letters about Life on the Job. By Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987. xi + 229 pp. Cloth, $31.50; paper, $9.95.) Get access John T. Cumbler John T. Cumbler University of Louisville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 75, Issue 3, December 1988, Page 1005, https://doi.org/10.2307/1901…
Slaves of the Depression
Slaves of the Depression
Exploring the Dangerous Trades
In 1943, noted industrial health expert, Dr
Death and disease in The House of Labor
A History of Neglect
Dying for Work
The Street of Walking Death
Journal Article “The Street of Walking Death”: Silicosis, Health, and Labor in the Tri-State Region, 1900–1950 Get access Gerald Markowitz, Gerald Markowitz professor of history John Jay College, City University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David Rosner David Rosner professor of history Baruch College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York Search for other works by this author …
Toxic Work
Deadly Dust
Journal Article Deadly Dust: Silicosis and the Politics of Occupational Disease in Twentieth-Century America. By David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. xiv + 229 pp. $29.95, ISBN 0-691-04758-8.) Get access Claudia Clark Claudia Clark Emory University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 79, Issue 2, September 1992, Pages 694–695, http…
Cradle to Grave
Journal Article Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines. By Larry Lankton. (New York: Orford University Press, 1991. xiv + 319 pp. $39.95, ISBN 0-19-506263-9.) Get access Gerald Markowitz Gerald Markowitz John Jay College City University of New York, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 80, Issue 1, June 1993, Pages 290–291,…
Organizing the Breathless
Journal Article Organizing the Breathless: Cotton Dust, Southern Politics, & the Brown Lung Association. By Robert E. Botsch. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1993. y^^^, 228 pp. $29.00, ISBN 0-8131-1818-2.) Get access Gerald Markowitz Gerald Markowitz John Jay College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, …
Markowitz and Rosner Respond
Letters to the Editor a working lifetime, based on US and foreign research, depended on the quartz concentration in the dust. For granite (about 35% quartz), keeping exposures below 10 million particles per cubic foot prevented silicosis. This value, so impor- tant in the establishment of the 5 million particles per cubic foot threshold limit value, was used to suggest a limit for respirable mass in 19687 (10 million particles per cubic foot of g…
The limits of thresholds
Since the 1930s threshold limit values have been presented as an objectively established measure of US industrial safety. However, there have been important questions raised regarding the adequacy of these thresholds for protecting workers from silicosis. This paper explores the historical debates over silica threshold limit values and the intense political negotiation that accompanied their establishment. In the 1930s and early 1940s, a coalitio…
Hospitals, Insurance, and the American Labor Movement
In the summer of 1989, an extended strike by the various “Baby Bell” telephone companies, including those of New York, Massachusetts, California, and thirteen other states in the Northeast, Midwest, and West Coast, brought to public attention the importance of health and hospital insurance to the nation's workers. In what the Los Angeles Times headline proclaimed was a “Phone Strike Centered on the Issue of Health Care,” workers at NYNEX, Pacific…
Political science (35 obras) · Medicine (31 obras) · Law (27 obras) · History (20 obras) · Sociology (19 obras) · Economics (16 obras) · Law (15 obras) · History (14 obras) · Business (13 obras) · Environmental health (12 obras)