Dominique Lestel
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 204566 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Dominique Lestel |
| NOMBRES | Dominique |
| APELLIDO | Lestel |
| FIRMA | LESTEL D |
| AFILIACIONES | Département de Philosophie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 45 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 250 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1969 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
L’animal comme avenir de l’humain
« Mon article propose un renversement de perspective qui s’organise autour de trois idées. 1) Il s’agit de penser la spécificité du statut de l’humain par rapport aux autres animaux, non pas dans des caractéristiques uniques qui l’éloigneraient des autres animaux (logique du « propre de l’homme »), mais dans ses capacités (métaboliques, comportementales, cognitives et culturelles) de se rapprocher des autres animaux comme aucun autre animal n’est…
From Field Philosophy to Milieu Philosophy
Laisser vivre les machines
À partir de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, un ensemble croissant de créatures se développent moins selon des processus évolutionnistes classiques qu’en fonction de compromissions perturbantes et d’irritations fécondes avec les technologies humaines. En émerge entre autres choses une vision des êtres vivants à la deuxième personne très différente des biologies à la troisième personne que nous connaissions jusque-là. D’où la possibilité d’adopte…
Myśleć sierścią. Zwierzęcość w perspektywie drugoosobowej
Zacznę od pewnej historyjki. Wychodząc raz przed południem z pokoju, natknąłem się na Yoki siedzącą w kucki obok rozpostartego na swoim legowisku kota.- Co robisz, słonko? – zapytałem.- Rozmawiam z Mirumiru. Mirumiru to nasz kot.- A o czym rozmawiacie? – rzuciłem z roztargnieniem, sięgając po butelkę mleka.Oczywiście spojrzała na mnie wrogo.- Nie rozmawiamy z tobą!W takich wypadkach lepiej wyglądać cool. Na mojej twarzy pojawił się więc głupawy u…
The Question of the Animal Subject
To the three classic wounds to human narcissism – that of Copernicus (man does not live in a geocentric universe), Darwin (man is an animal), and Freud (man is not the master of his unconscious) – there must be appended a fourth wound: man is not the only subject in the universe. While most philoso- phers are unwilling to accept it, ethological research shows that animals are also subjects; indeed, in human/animal hybrid communities, certain anim…
Dissolving Nature in Culture
Biological attention to evolution and animal life has primarily emphasized a filiative approach that, although important, overlooks crucial dimensions highlighted by an ecological approach to animal human societies. Increased attention to singular animals and critical scrutiny of the operating definitions of society and culture indicates that vast dimensions of this area have been overlooked and remain to be studied. It is particularly important …
The Friends of My Friends
Relations between humans and animals occur under myriad forms and with profound richness. However, taking account of these relations often poses a considerable difficulty. That humans have a strong interest in many other animals, and that humans give rise to a reciprocal interest among many animals, is an important cultural and evolutionary occurrence. Common living and the sharing (or co-constitution) of territory often give rise to social ties …
The Animal Outside the Text
© 2014 Taylor and Francis. This interview ranges across a number of topics relevant to Dominique Lestel's thought: the history and philosophy of ethology; animal culture; realist-Cartesian and bi-constructivist ethology; biosemiotics; philo-sophical anthropology; animal studies; the other-than-human; veganism; and technology. It touches on thinkers including Bruno Latour, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Paul Shepard, and Donna H…
The Phenomenology of Animal Life
This paper presents a bi-constructivist approach to the study of animal life, which is opposed to the realist-Cartesian paradigm in which most ethology operates. The method is elaborated through the examples of a knot-tying orangutan in a Paris zoo and chile-eating cats in a New York apartment. We show that, when grounded in the operational framework of the phenomenological approach, the interpretation of animal life acquires a much more robust c…
Toward an Ethnography of Animal Worlds
The convergence between ethology and ethnography has significantly transformed studies of animal subjectivity and culture. The future of both fields lies in a cultural zoology that treats animals as subjects partaking in culture. Nonetheless, significant resistance to such an approach exists on each side of the dis- ciplinary divide. Biologists and social scientists content themselves with definitions of culture that prevent them from taking heed…
Hybrid Communities
This article provides an extract from the second half of Lestel's book Animality (1996/2007). His book is divided into two parts. In the first part Lestel considers a number of ways in which humans and animals have been represented, particularly with respect to their supposed differences and borderline cases, over the course of Western history. To this end one reads of various depictions, construc- tions, and erasures of animals, including those …
The Carnivore's Ethics
The position of veganism is ulti- mately inconsistent, speciesist and unrealistic. To be human is to fully embrace the fact that our bodies can be formed from other animals. Unlike vegans, carnivores permit themselves to be intoxicated by other animals and take plea- sure in meat eating. Nevertheless, factory farming should be rejected and meat consumed responsibly.Keywords: veganismcarnivoryethicsdependence NotesTranslated from Dominique Lestel,…
The Infinite Debt of the Human Towards the Animal
The philosophies of Jacques Derrida and Paul Shepard, while rarely encoun- tering the other, nevertheless prove to be surprisingly complementary. Derrida acknowl- edges the impossibility and necessity of the human/animal frontier, thinking the human/ animal relation in a paradigm of seeing and being seen, conceived in particular in the context of a sphere of the intimate. Shepard's not merely biological but ontological interpretation of evolution…
Epistemological Interlude
The dominant post-Enlightenment Western view of animals has seen them as some kind of machine, objects of no true moral significance, which it is permissible to subject to a range of treatments that would never be tolerated if practised on humans. In reality, defenders of animals, rather than being sentimentalists or somehow insufficiently attached to their own species, are far more in accord with scientific evidence and with the best interests o…
Mirror Effects
This extract from Lestel's Paroles de singes analyses the methodological debates of the research into the linguistic capabilities of great apes. Lestel uncovers the strategic blindness, methodological fumbling, and other “mirror effects” of these experiments, and reflects on the questions of anthropomorphism and common knowledge. Are the apes simulating language; are the ape-researchers simulating results? Parallels with research into artificial …
The withering of shared life through the loss of biodiversity
The article defends a conception of ecology that considers what ecosystems mean not only in themselves but also for themselves. Each living being is thus a message for another living being, and not merely a functional piece in a physical process of energy exchange or in an evolutionary process in which individual reproduction is all that counts. The article deems that the hatred of the animal kingdom characteristic of Western history and the resu…
Shared life
Humans form their self-representations not in opposition to animals, as all Western histories of human evolution recount, but with them and through them. In other words, to be human does not mean to have fled animality, but on the contrary to live within it and to let it live within us. The phenomenon of shared life is, then, a problem of spillover and not one of hunting, breeding, domestication, or pets. It concerns human existence itself and, m…
Why Are We So Fond of Monsters
Human attraction to monsters is such that we could almost characterize Homo sapiens as ‘the species that loves monsters’. In fact, there is hardly a single human culture that finds itself indifferent to monsters; human culture either responds to monsters with fear or feeds on them joyously. This fascination is somewhat suspect and worth explaining. In this essay, I argue that Homo sapiens is a ‘monster’s animal’ just as we often speak of a ‘ladie…
The Posture of the Human Exception
Emerging hybrids, biodiversity & human future
The hybrids of modern times do not indeed settle anymore between animals and machines, but between so-called living machines and already animalized technologies. One of the most dangerous manifestations of this process (which is also the one most overlooked) is that it takes the form of an insidious spell that leads humans not only to being unable to distinguish animals from artifacts, but also to sincerely prefer the latter to the former
Neutraliser le mythe de Prométhée
Deux thèmes majeurs sont systématiquement négligés dans le mythe de Prométhée : celui de l'humain « victime », et celui de la revanche à prendre sur l'animal. Ces thèmes sont pourtant devenus des piliers de la pensée occidentale vis-à-vis de la Nature. Ils jouent un rôle fondamental dans le désastre écologique actuel. Rêvons à un Prométhée qui aurait posé comme condition à la réception du feu la nécessité pour l'homme de ne rien faire qui pût agr…
Non-human artistic practices
The article suggests that the phylogenic basis for contemporary Western artistic practices lies in a social practice of the distinctive features found in the species, as seen in certain birds and mammals. Using the cases of birdsong, ape-paintings, knot-tying in certain orangutans and the intriguing stone-handling of some monkeys, the article shows that the question of non-human artistic practices is not only largely unexplored, but that contempo…
L'homme devant l'animal
En quoi les travaux scientifiques sur les comportements des animaux sont-ils intéressants pour le philosophe ? L'accumulation d'observations nouvelles ne nous invite pas seulement à réévaluer les capacités réelles des animaux (la seiche ou le grillon tout autant que les grands singes) mais aussi à revoir nos conceptions de l'émotion, de la communication, de la transmission, de l'intelligence elle-même
Les communautés hybrides
Humains et animaux nouent des relations parfois intenses, qui rappellent l'importance de la vie partagee avec les autres especes
Milieu animal et milieu humain
Etho-ethnology and ethno-ethology
English In this article we defend the idea that etho-ethnology and ethno-ethology should be combined into a new science at the interface between human and animal sciences. This new field would study the hybrid communities comprised of humans and animals sharing meaning, interests and affects, and would try to account for the complexity of interspecific sociabilities. The study cannot be reduced either to an ethology devoted strictly to animal beh…
The Phenomenology of Animal Life
This paper presents a bi-constructivist approach to the study of animal life, which is opposed to the realist-Cartesian paradigm in which most ethology operates. The method is elaborated through the examples of a knot-tying orangutan in a Paris zoo and chile-eating cats in a New York apartment. We show that, when grounded in the operational framework of the phenomenological approach, the interpretation of animal life acquires a much more robust c…
Shared life
Humans form their self-representations not in opposition to animals, as all Western histories of human evolution recount, but with them and through them. In other words, to be human does not mean to have fled animality, but on the contrary to live within it and to let it live within us. The phenomenon of shared life is, then, a problem of spillover and not one of hunting, breeding, domestication, or pets. It concerns human existence itself and, m…
Ethology and ethnology
International audience
The withering of shared life through the loss of biodiversity
The article defends a conception of ecology that considers what ecosystems mean not only in themselves but also for themselves. Each living being is thus a message for another living being, and not merely a functional piece in a physical process of energy exchange or in an evolutionary process in which individual reproduction is all that counts. The article deems that the hatred of the animal kingdom characteristic of Western history and the resu…
Diversity of items of low nutritional value ingested by chimpanzees from Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda
English For more than 30 years, field studies have shown that chimpanzees ingest items of low nutritional value such as rough leaves, bitter stems and clay, apparently thereby protecting themselves against parasites and modulating their health. The authors describe the diversity and the biological activities of items of low nutritional value used by Kanyawara chimpanzees in Uganda, according to scientific observations enriched by the viewpoints o…
How Chimpanzees Have Domesticated Humans
Knot tying in great apes
The authors intend to show in this article that, unlike what is usually said, some great apes are able to tie knots. First, they give the result of a survey on the Internet whose result has been to identify twelve "knot-maker" apes: seven orangutans, three bonobos and two chimpanzees. All of them have been reared by humans and are highly accultured anthropoids living in zoos. Second, they offer an ethnography of a knot-making orangutan, Wattana, …
Toward an Ethnography of Animal Worlds
The convergence between ethology and ethnography has significantly transformed studies of animal subjectivity and culture. The future of both fields lies in a cultural zoology that treats animals as subjects partaking in culture. Nonetheless, significant resistance to such an approach exists on each side of the dis- ciplinary divide. Biologists and social scientists content themselves with definitions of culture that prevent them from taking heed…
The Biosemiotics and Phylogenesis of Culture
The question of animal cultures has once again become a subject of debate in ethology, and is now one of its most active and problematic areas. One surprising feature of this research, however, is the lack of attention paid to the communications that go on in these complex animal societies, with the exception of mechanisms of social learning. This neglect of communications is all the more troubling because many ethologists are unwilling to acknow…
Hybrid Communities
This article provides an extract from the second half of Lestel's book Animality (1996/2007). His book is divided into two parts. In the first part Lestel considers a number of ways in which humans and animals have been represented, particularly with respect to their supposed differences and borderline cases, over the course of Western history. To this end one reads of various depictions, construc- tions, and erasures of animals, including those …
Tools, techniques and animals
The definition of tool proposed by Beck (1980) is still the one referred to in ethology when discussing the question of tool-use in animals, and its pertinence is rarely questioned. However, observations on technical behaviours in animals have multiplied over the last 20 years, and these have profoundly altered our earlier representations. In the present article, we show that Beck's definition is insufficient and that it does not, in fact, work. …
The Question of the Animal Subject
To the three classic wounds to human narcissism – that of Copernicus (man does not live in a geocentric universe), Darwin (man is an animal), and Freud (man is not the master of his unconscious) – there must be appended a fourth wound: man is not the only subject in the universe. While most philoso- phers are unwilling to accept it, ethological research shows that animals are also subjects; indeed, in human/animal hybrid communities, certain anim…
Dissolving Nature in Culture
Biological attention to evolution and animal life has primarily emphasized a filiative approach that, although important, overlooks crucial dimensions highlighted by an ecological approach to animal human societies. Increased attention to singular animals and critical scrutiny of the operating definitions of society and culture indicates that vast dimensions of this area have been overlooked and remain to be studied. It is particularly important …
The Animal Outside the Text
© 2014 Taylor and Francis. This interview ranges across a number of topics relevant to Dominique Lestel's thought: the history and philosophy of ethology; animal culture; realist-Cartesian and bi-constructivist ethology; biosemiotics; philo-sophical anthropology; animal studies; the other-than-human; veganism; and technology. It touches on thinkers including Bruno Latour, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Paul Shepard, and Donna H…
Symbols of discord
L'A. etudie les difficultes methodologiques, theoriques et pratiques que souleve le debat concernant la capacite des singes a acquerir le langage humain. S'inscrivant a la frontiere de l'anthropologie et de la psychologie cognitive, le debat pose le probleme de l'intelligence des primates
The Infinite Debt of the Human Towards the Animal
The philosophies of Jacques Derrida and Paul Shepard, while rarely encoun- tering the other, nevertheless prove to be surprisingly complementary. Derrida acknowl- edges the impossibility and necessity of the human/animal frontier, thinking the human/ animal relation in a paradigm of seeing and being seen, conceived in particular in the context of a sphere of the intimate. Shepard's not merely biological but ontological interpretation of evolution…
Portrait de l'animal comme sujet
De nombreux philosophes anglo-saxons de tradition analytique nient qu'un animal puisse penser, ou qu'on puisse accéder à sa subjectivité. Nous développons une réponse alternative. La légitimité d'une évaluation de l'intelligence de l'animal repose d'abord sur une familiarité acquise à son contact au cours d'une histoire partagée. Elle est propre à celui qui vit avec un animal mais aussi à l'expert qui a acquis une connaissance de l'animal à la su…
The metaphors of complexity
The use of computers has opened access to complex phenomena for the comprehension of which no operational narrative traditions are available. Notions of "life", "cognition" and "intelligence" constitute metaphors and procedures for description and understanding that make it possible to discuss these phenomena, however. They represent cognitive resources for scientists. Why do computer scientists "play" at being biologists, and why do they view it…
The Friends of My Friends
Relations between humans and animals occur under myriad forms and with profound richness. However, taking account of these relations often poses a considerable difficulty. That humans have a strong interest in many other animals, and that humans give rise to a reciprocal interest among many animals, is an important cultural and evolutionary occurrence. Common living and the sharing (or co-constitution) of territory often give rise to social ties …
Non-human artistic practices
The article suggests that the phylogenic basis for contemporary Western artistic practices lies in a social practice of the distinctive features found in the species, as seen in certain birds and mammals. Using the cases of birdsong, ape-paintings, knot-tying in certain orangutans and the intriguing stone-handling of some monkeys, the article shows that the question of non-human artistic practices is not only largely unexplored, but that contempo…
Les communautés hybrides
Humains et animaux nouent des relations parfois intenses, qui rappellent l'importance de la vie partagee avec les autres especes
Human/animal communications, language, and evolution
The article compares the research programs of teaching symbolic language to chimpanzees, pointing on the dichotomy between artificial language vs. ASL, and the dichotomy between researchers who decided to establish emotional relationships between themselves and the apes, and those who have seen apes as instrumental devices. It is concluded that the experiments with the most interesting results have been both with artificial language and ASL, but …
Reasoning patterns and innovation management in a neuro-embryology laboratory
An ethnographic case study of a group of neuro-embryologists is described. We focused on the study of uncertainty management and innovation in the reasoning of those experts, tackling a complex, "ill-structured" problem. The problematics of uncertainty become a tool for investigating the dynamics of distributed reasoning in a natural setting. During the research task, the sequence of predefined methods, which constitute the loosely planned portio…
Pensée-fourmi, raison pratique et cognition distribuée
Plusieurs etudes publiees depuis le debut des annees 80 convergent vers une remise en cause de la maniere d'aborder le raisonnement, mettant en avant la necessite de l'etudier dans les conditions normales de sa pratique. L'approche ethnographique du raisonnement complexe dans des laboratoires scientifiques offre des perspectives fecondes et montre ce que peut etre une psychologie cognitive en milieux naturels
Posture Zoo-futuriste » et réanimalisation de l'humain
L'article met en évidence dans notre culture une tendance émergente qui concerne le rapport à l'animal, qui va au-delà des mouvements animalistes contemporains et qui est nommé 'Zoo-futurisme'. Son objectif est de ne pas se contenter de cohabiter avec l'animal, mais d'aller habiter en lui et de permettre à certains animaux de venir habiter en soi. L'article identifie les six stades par lesquels peut s'effectuer le passage d'une espèce à une autre…
L'anthropologie des laboratoires et la pratique de l'intelligence artificielle
Fourmis cybernétiques et robots-insectes
Pensée-fourmi, raison pratique et cognition distribuée
Plusieurs etudes publiees depuis le debut des annees 80 convergent vers une remise en cause de la maniere d'aborder le raisonnement, mettant en avant la necessite de l'etudier dans les conditions normales de sa pratique. L'approche ethnographique du raisonnement complexe dans des laboratoires scientifiques offre des perspectives fecondes et montre ce que peut etre une psychologie cognitive en milieux naturels
Les agents réactifs et le vivant dans une perspective d'évolution coopérative
Dominique LESTEL, Benoît GRISON, Alexis DROGOUL : Les agents réactifs et le vivant dans une perspective d'évolution coopérative Natural evolution is partly understandable with the tools that the researcher has at his own disposal. In that perspective, Distributed Artificial Intelligence introduces extremely flexible procedures that are likely to approach in a completely new way some processes, which were until then neglected or difficult to adres…
Symbols of discord
L'A. etudie les difficultes methodologiques, theoriques et pratiques que souleve le debat concernant la capacite des singes a acquerir le langage humain. S'inscrivant a la frontiere de l'anthropologie et de la psychologie cognitive, le debat pose le probleme de l'intelligence des primates
The metaphors of complexity
The use of computers has opened access to complex phenomena for the comprehension of which no operational narrative traditions are available. Notions of "life", "cognition" and "intelligence" constitute metaphors and procedures for description and understanding that make it possible to discuss these phenomena, however. They represent cognitive resources for scientists. Why do computer scientists "play" at being biologists, and why do they view it…
Comment les chimpanzés ont domestiqué l'homme
This article presents examples of research on the linguistic capabilities of chimpanzees to demonstrate that, far from being purely psycho-linguistic as they are always described, these studies lead to the experimental creation of hybrid communities, human/animal, that share senses, interests and affects and in which man himself is placed in a position that makes him the cognitive prosthesis for the primate. This phenomenon can be described as a …
Perspectives cognitives en anthropologie
Reasoning patterns and innovation management in a neuro-embryology laboratory
An ethnographic case study of a group of neuro-embryologists is described. We focused on the study of uncertainty management and innovation in the reasoning of those experts, tackling a complex, "ill-structured" problem. The problematics of uncertainty become a tool for investigating the dynamics of distributed reasoning in a natural setting. During the research task, the sequence of predefined methods, which constitute the loosely planned portio…
L'innovation cognitive dans des communautés hybrides homme/animal de partage de sens, d'intérêts et d'affects
Cognitive innovation in hybrid human/animal communities where meanings, interests and emotions are shared. Animals are not condemned to purely routine patterns of use. Animals with the higher degrees of complexity have the capacity to innovate cognitively, i.e. to acquire one or several cognitive procedures that are quite without precedent in the original collectivities of their species where they usually evolve. This article discusses recent wor…
How Chimpanzees Have Domesticated Humans
Portrait de l'animal comme sujet
De nombreux philosophes anglo-saxons de tradition analytique nient qu'un animal puisse penser, ou qu'on puisse accéder à sa subjectivité. Nous développons une réponse alternative. La légitimité d'une évaluation de l'intelligence de l'animal repose d'abord sur une familiarité acquise à son contact au cours d'une histoire partagée. Elle est propre à celui qui vit avec un animal mais aussi à l'expert qui a acquis une connaissance de l'animal à la su…
Genèse des sciences humaines
Ne en 1529 aParis, Etienne Pasquier a entrepris des etudes de droit apartir de 1546.Apres avoir suivi I'enseignement de Francois Hotman dans Ie quartier latin, de Jean Cujas aToulouse et de Marianus SocinusaBologne, il debuta au barreaude la capitaleal'automne 1549.Mais comme il eut peu d'affaires aplaiderpendantles six premieres annees de sa carriere, il passa beaucoup de temps alire et aecrire au debut des annees 1550.C'est ainsi qu'il concur l…
Tools, techniques and animals
The definition of tool proposed by Beck (1980) is still the one referred to in ethology when discussing the question of tool-use in animals, and its pertinence is rarely questioned. However, observations on technical behaviours in animals have multiplied over the last 20 years, and these have profoundly altered our earlier representations. In the present article, we show that Beck's definition is insufficient and that it does not, in fact, work. …
Repenser le propre de l'homme
Human/animal communications, language, and evolution
The article compares the research programs of teaching symbolic language to chimpanzees, pointing on the dichotomy between artificial language vs. ASL, and the dichotomy between researchers who decided to establish emotional relationships between themselves and the apes, and those who have seen apes as instrumental devices. It is concluded that the experiments with the most interesting results have been both with artificial language and ASL, but …
Langage et communications animales
Results on animal communications have exploded these last 20 years. If nobody still thinks that animal may have a kind of language as humans have, complexity of animal communications have been shown to be much more complex that what had been previously thought: traditions, meta-communication, innovation and abilities to manipulate information through deception, especially among primates, as well as great plasticity in referential processes have b…
The Biosemiotics and Phylogenesis of Culture
The question of animal cultures has once again become a subject of debate in ethology, and is now one of its most active and problematic areas. One surprising feature of this research, however, is the lack of attention paid to the communications that go on in these complex animal societies, with the exception of mechanisms of social learning. This neglect of communications is all the more troubling because many ethologists are unwilling to acknow…
Knot tying in great apes
The authors intend to show in this article that, unlike what is usually said, some great apes are able to tie knots. First, they give the result of a survey on the Internet whose result has been to identify twelve "knot-maker" apes: seven orangutans, three bonobos and two chimpanzees. All of them have been reared by humans and are highly accultured anthropoids living in zoos. Second, they offer an ethnography of a knot-making orangutan, Wattana, …
Etho-ethnology and ethno-ethology
English In this article we defend the idea that etho-ethnology and ethno-ethology should be combined into a new science at the interface between human and animal sciences. This new field would study the hybrid communities comprised of humans and animals sharing meaning, interests and affects, and would try to account for the complexity of interspecific sociabilities. The study cannot be reduced either to an ethology devoted strictly to animal beh…
Diversity of items of low nutritional value ingested by chimpanzees from Kanyawara, Kibale National Park, Uganda
English For more than 30 years, field studies have shown that chimpanzees ingest items of low nutritional value such as rough leaves, bitter stems and clay, apparently thereby protecting themselves against parasites and modulating their health. The authors describe the diversity and the biological activities of items of low nutritional value used by Kanyawara chimpanzees in Uganda, according to scientific observations enriched by the viewpoints o…
Ethology and ethnology
International audience
Les communautés hybrides
Humains et animaux nouent des relations parfois intenses, qui rappellent l'importance de la vie partagee avec les autres especes
L'homme devant l'animal
En quoi les travaux scientifiques sur les comportements des animaux sont-ils intéressants pour le philosophe ? L'accumulation d'observations nouvelles ne nous invite pas seulement à réévaluer les capacités réelles des animaux (la seiche ou le grillon tout autant que les grands singes) mais aussi à revoir nos conceptions de l'émotion, de la communication, de la transmission, de l'intelligence elle-même
Sociology (25 obras) · Philosophy (23 obras) · Psychology (22 obras) · Epistemology (20 obras) · Biology (17 obras) · Philosophy (17 obras) · Ecology (15 obras) · Geographies of human-animal interactions (12 obras) · Humanities (12 obras) · Cognitive science (11 obras)