Claire Alix
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 206391 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Claire Alix |
| NOMBRES | Claire |
| APELLIDO | Alix |
| FIRMA | ALIX C |
| AFILIACIONES | Archéologie des Amériques |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4285-4592 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 28 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 27 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2002 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Variations on a Theme
International audience
The Birnirk to Thule Transition as Viewed from Radiocarbon and Tree-Ring Dating within Two Adjacent Houses at Cape Espenberg, Northwest Alaska
The transformation of the Birnirk culture into the Thule culture is essential in reconstructing the emergence of modern Inuit across Alaska and the larger Bering Strait. To this end, two adjacent semi-subterranean houses of late Birnirk and early Thule affiliation, respectively, at the Rising Whale (KTZ-304) site at Cape Espenberg were recently excavated and dated by radiocarbon and tree-ring measurements. We present the Bayesian analysis of the …
Dendroarchaeology of Birnirk and Thule Architectural Timbers (10–13th Centuries)
Along the coast of northwestern Alaska, architectural wood remains are well preserved in the Birnirk and Thule coastal sites of the early 2nd millennium CE . These structural wood elements are unique archives for documenting climatic variations and cultural transformations during this key development period of Inuit culture. Along this treeless Arctic coast, driftwood accumulates from the subarctic forests of interior Alaska. Except for northwest…
The Alligator Lake Throwing Dart, Yukon, Canada
On August 25th, 2018, the Yukon Ice Patch Research Group recovered a 6,000-year-old segmented throwing dart from site JcUu-11 (Hare et al. 2004) located in the traditional territories of the Carcross/Tagish First Nation and the Kwanlin Dün First Nation, Yukon Canada. The discovery was the result of a dramatic retreat of an ice patch over a period of 23 days. This discovery is the first entirely complete atlatl throwing dart retrieved from an arch…
Formation processes of archaeobotanical assemblages of an early Thule Iñupiaq dwelling at Cape Espenberg, northwest Alaska
Arctic. • Archaeobotany. • Formation process. • Inuit. • Plant use. Archaeobotany remains an underdeveloped discipline in the Arctic, with comparatively little known about the processes involved in the formation of plant assemblages in ancestral Inuit sites. Archaeobotanical records from seasonal forager sites at high latitudes present several peculiarities: 1) excellent preservation; 2) lack of domesticated species prior to contact with European…
Introduction
Le double-continent américain est un immense espace, singulier à plusieurs titres, et qui se caractérise par une forte diversité environnementale et culturelle (Silverman H. et W. H. Isbell, 2008 ; Krupnik I., 2022 ; Faugère B. et N. Goepfert, 2022 ; Bertrand M. et al., 2016). Dernier continent colonisé par Homo sapiens (Moreno-Mayar J. et al., 2018 ; Raff J., 2022) à une date qui reste fortement débattue (par exemple Gómez Coutouly Y.-A., 2021 ;…
Introduction
The South and North American continent is a huge area, unique in many ways, and characterized by a large diversity of environments and cultures (Silverman H. and W. H. Isbell, 2008; Krupnik I.; 2022; Faugère B. and N. Goepfert, 2022; Bertrand M. et al., 2016). The last continent colonized by Homo sapiens (Moreno-Mayar J. et al., 2018; Raff J., 2022) at a date that remains highly debated (e.g. Gómez Coutouly Y.-A., 2021; Lourdeau A., 2021; Gruhn R…
Introducción
El doble continente americano es un espacio inmenso, único en muchos aspectos, y que se caracteriza por una gran diversidad medioambiental y cultural (Silverman H. y W. H. Isbell, 2008; Krupnik I., 2022; Faugère B. y N. Goepfert, 2022; Bertrand M. et al., 2016). Último continente colonizado por Homo sapiens (Moreno-Mayar J. et al., 2018; Raff J., 2022) en un periodo aún muy discutido (ver, por ejemplo, Gómez Coutouly Y.-A., 2021; Lourdeau A., 202…
Introdução
O duplo continente americano é um espaço imenso, único em vários aspectos, e se caracteriza por uma forte diversidade ambiental e cultural (Silverman H. e W. H. Isbell, 2008; Krupnik I., 2022; Faugère B. e N. Goepfert, 2022; Bertrand M. et al., 2016). Último continente colonizado pelo Homo sapiens (Moreno-Mayar J. et al., 2018; Raff J., 2022) em uma data que ainda é altamente debatida (por exemplo, Gómez Coutouly Y.-A., 2021; Lourdeau A., 2021; G…
Dating Coastal Archaeological Wood From Pingusugruk (15th–17th CE), Northern Alaska
Along the coasts of northern Alaska, in a treeless tundra environment, the primary wood resource for coastal populations is driftwood, a seasonal and exogenous resource carried by the major rivers of western North America. The potential of Alaskan coastal archaeological wood for tree-ring research was first assessed in the 1940s by archaeologist and tree-ring research pioneer J. L. Giddings. Despite his success, the difficulties of dendrochronolo…
Quels sont les apports des analyses conjointes archéoentomologiques et archéobotaniques dans les contextes arctiques
Dans l’Arctique américain, les recherches archéo-entomologiques et archéobotaniques sur des sites de chasseurs-collecteurs paléo- et néo-Inuit permettent d’identifier des restes de plantes et d’insectes qui apportent des informations sur certaines pratiques liées à l’hygiène, à l’alimentation et à la gestion de l’espace dans les habitats hivernaux, ainsi qu’à d’autres usages. Nous présentons dans cet article les résultats préliminaires de nos étu…
Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope
Archaeological evidence indicates that Birnirk peoples (AD 650 – 1300) are the proposed genetic ancestors of the Thule Inuit (AD 950 – 1400) and are potentially an intermediary population between the Thule Inuit and earlier Old Bering Sea people (AD 1 – 1000). We sequenced the first hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA of 22 clearly associated Birnirk individuals from the Piġniq (Birnirk), Kugok, Kugusugaruk, and Nunavak sites on the Nor…
Marine Reservoir Effects in Seal (Phocidae) Bones in the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, Northwestern Alaska
We explore marine reservoir effects (MREs) in seal bones from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas regions. Ringed and bearded seals have served as dietary staples in human populations along the coasts of Arctic northeast Asia and North America for several millennia. Radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates on seal bones and terrestrial materials (caribou, plants seeds, wood, and wood charcoal) were compared from archaeological sites in the Bering Strait region…
Ancient arctic pyro-technologies
Studying pre-colonial gendered use of space in the Arctic
Deux musées pour un héritage
Cet article s'intéresse aux destins parallèles de deux collections unangax̂ (aléoutes) constituées dans la seconde moitié du XIXesiècle par le Français Alphonse Pinart et l'Américain William Dall. Fondées sur une rivalité entre ces deux personnages, ces collections, issues de leurs explorations respectives de cavernes funéraires de l'île d'Unga, forment un ensemble d'objets aussi unique qu'énigmatique, divisé entre le Château-Musée de Boulogne-su…
Ethnoarchaeology of Fuel Use in Northern Forests
Prehistoric fuel management and hearth functions are key research issues that have benefitted from the development of experimental and ethnoarchaeogical approaches aimed at providing interpretative models for archaeological fire and fuel studies.In this paper, we present a selection of ethnographic, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical data mostly collected among Evenks and Athabascans of East Siberia and North America. Our aim is to question …
An Early Inupiaq Occupation
This paper describes and interprets a well-preserved early Thule semi-subterranean dwelling from Cape Espenberg, Alaska. The house architecture is similar in many respects to other early Thule dwellings with a sub-rectangular main room, long sunken entrance tunnel, and associated kitchen area. However, the presence of narrow side benches and associated flooring differences adds significantly to the variability present in Thule house form. Radioca…
Identifier des modes de travail du bois chez les Thuléens par la photogrammétrie et la réalité virtuelle
Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo
Archéologie du Cap Espenberg où la question du Birnirk et de l’origine du Thulé dans le nord-ouest de l’Alaska
Le cap Espenberg est une flèche littorale au large de la mer des Tchouktches dans le nord-ouest de l’Alaska contenant les vestiges de 4000 ans d’occupations humaines et de changements climatiques. Les recherches archéologiques et paléo-environnementales, menées depuis 2009 dans le cadre d’un projet pluridisciplinaire, apportent des informations nouvelles sur la chronologie des occupations du dernier millénaire et documentent l’émergence de la cul…
Archéologie boréale
Doté d'une image de pays de glace où les hommes ne peuvent que « survivre », de terre lointaine et difficile d'accès, l'Arctique est aujourd'hui au cœur d'enjeux environnementaux, géopolitiques, énergétiques et sociétaux que le Chantier Arctique français a résumé récemment dans sa prospective pour les cinq ans à venir (Babin & Sansoulet 2014). Dans l'Arctique, en effet, les changements climatiques enregistrés sont spectaculaires et sont directeme…
Using wood on King Island, Alaska
Ugiuvak, or King Island, off the coast of the Seward Peninsula in the Bering Strait, is among the few Arctic villages with stilt houses in an environment where wood is essentially lacking. In 1899, Edward W. Nelson, describing the island's architecture, noted that wood was abundant. Today, the contrast is striking between the bareness and steepness of the coast and the extensive use of wood in the village. This article presents information about …
Alpine Ice Patches and Shúhtagot’ine Land Use in the Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada
The NWT Ice Patch Study was developed in partnership with the Shúhtagot’ine residents of Tulita, Northwest Territories, Canada. This paper explores how Shúhtagot’ine traditional knowledge, collected through the direct participation of Elders in our archaeological fieldwork, science camps with Elders and youth, Elder interviews, and traditional land-use mapping, is informing our interpretation of archaeological data collected at alpine ice patches…
A Thousand Years of Lost Hunting Arrows
Discussions of the development of past hunting equipment generally focus on lithic and bone projectile points and foreshafts, as these are often the only elements remaining in archaeological sites. In the last 15 years, the archaeology of alpine ice patches has provided a unique opportunity to analyze hunting equipment over time and gain knowledge of the wooden elements on which the points are hafted. This paper describes the wood and morphometri…
Introduction
Introduction: les peuples de l'Arctique et le bois / Introduction: Arctic peoples and wood. Un article de la revue Études/Inuit/Studies (Les peuples de l'Arctique et le bois) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit
An Early Inupiaq Occupation
This paper describes and interprets a well-preserved early Thule semi-subterranean dwelling from Cape Espenberg, Alaska. The house architecture is similar in many respects to other early Thule dwellings with a sub-rectangular main room, long sunken entrance tunnel, and associated kitchen area. However, the presence of narrow side benches and associated flooring differences adds significantly to the variability present in Thule house form. Radioca…
Using wood on King Island, Alaska
Ugiuvak, or King Island, off the coast of the Seward Peninsula in the Bering Strait, is among the few Arctic villages with stilt houses in an environment where wood is essentially lacking. In 1899, Edward W. Nelson, describing the island's architecture, noted that wood was abundant. Today, the contrast is striking between the bareness and steepness of the coast and the extensive use of wood in the village. This article presents information about …
Bois flottés et archéologie de l'Arctique
Jusqu'à la vente de bois commerciaux venus du sud, les populations installées le long des côtes des régions septentrionales d'Amérique du Nord et de Sibérie allaient régulièrement sur les plages s'approvisionner en bois flottés, principale source de ligneux dans ces régions dénuées d'arbres. Dans les sites archéologiques arctiques et particulièrement dans les dépôts des 2 000 dernières années, la conservation des vestiges en bois est souvent rema…
Marine Reservoir Effects in Seal (Phocidae) Bones in the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, Northwestern Alaska
We explore marine reservoir effects (MREs) in seal bones from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas regions. Ringed and bearded seals have served as dietary staples in human populations along the coasts of Arctic northeast Asia and North America for several millennia. Radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates on seal bones and terrestrial materials (caribou, plants seeds, wood, and wood charcoal) were compared from archaeological sites in the Bering Strait region…
Ancient arctic pyro-technologies
Introduction
Introduction: les peuples de l'Arctique et le bois / Introduction: Arctic peoples and wood. Un article de la revue Études/Inuit/Studies (Les peuples de l'Arctique et le bois) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit
The Birnirk to Thule Transition as Viewed from Radiocarbon and Tree-Ring Dating within Two Adjacent Houses at Cape Espenberg, Northwest Alaska
The transformation of the Birnirk culture into the Thule culture is essential in reconstructing the emergence of modern Inuit across Alaska and the larger Bering Strait. To this end, two adjacent semi-subterranean houses of late Birnirk and early Thule affiliation, respectively, at the Rising Whale (KTZ-304) site at Cape Espenberg were recently excavated and dated by radiocarbon and tree-ring measurements. We present the Bayesian analysis of the …
GullØV, Hans Christian 1997 From Middle Ages to Colonial Times. Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Studies of the Thule Culture in South West Greenland 1300-1800 AD, Copenhagen, the Danish National Mu…
GULLØV, Hans Christian 1997 From Middle Ages to Colonial Times. Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Studies of the Thule Culture in South West Greenland 1300-1800 AD, Copenhagen, the Danish National Museum.. Un article de la revue Études/Inuit/Studies (Perspectives inuit et qallunaat : points de vue en interaction) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit
Bois flottés et archéologie de l'Arctique
Jusqu'à la vente de bois commerciaux venus du sud, les populations installées le long des côtes des régions septentrionales d'Amérique du Nord et de Sibérie allaient régulièrement sur les plages s'approvisionner en bois flottés, principale source de ligneux dans ces régions dénuées d'arbres. Dans les sites archéologiques arctiques et particulièrement dans les dépôts des 2 000 dernières années, la conservation des vestiges en bois est souvent rema…
L’usage du bois en Alaska
Sur la toundra côtière de l’Alaska et de l’Arctique, les Inuit comme leurs ancêtres ont surtout exploité des bois venus d’ailleurs, ceux que les vents et les flots ont apportés, reliant ainsi les forêts intérieurs aux côtes du nord. Cet article décrit un programme de recherche archéologique qui a établi un cadre méthodologique et développent des référentiels pour l’analyse des nombreux vestiges ligneux remarquablement conservés dans les sites des…
Alpine Ice Patches and Shúhtagot’ine Land Use in the Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada
The NWT Ice Patch Study was developed in partnership with the Shúhtagot’ine residents of Tulita, Northwest Territories, Canada. This paper explores how Shúhtagot’ine traditional knowledge, collected through the direct participation of Elders in our archaeological fieldwork, science camps with Elders and youth, Elder interviews, and traditional land-use mapping, is informing our interpretation of archaeological data collected at alpine ice patches…
A Thousand Years of Lost Hunting Arrows
Discussions of the development of past hunting equipment generally focus on lithic and bone projectile points and foreshafts, as these are often the only elements remaining in archaeological sites. In the last 15 years, the archaeology of alpine ice patches has provided a unique opportunity to analyze hunting equipment over time and gain knowledge of the wooden elements on which the points are hafted. This paper describes the wood and morphometri…
Introduction
Introduction: les peuples de l'Arctique et le bois / Introduction: Arctic peoples and wood. Un article de la revue Études/Inuit/Studies (Les peuples de l'Arctique et le bois) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit
Using wood on King Island, Alaska
Ugiuvak, or King Island, off the coast of the Seward Peninsula in the Bering Strait, is among the few Arctic villages with stilt houses in an environment where wood is essentially lacking. In 1899, Edward W. Nelson, describing the island's architecture, noted that wood was abundant. Today, the contrast is striking between the bareness and steepness of the coast and the extensive use of wood in the village. This article presents information about …
Archéologie du Cap Espenberg où la question du Birnirk et de l’origine du Thulé dans le nord-ouest de l’Alaska
Le cap Espenberg est une flèche littorale au large de la mer des Tchouktches dans le nord-ouest de l’Alaska contenant les vestiges de 4000 ans d’occupations humaines et de changements climatiques. Les recherches archéologiques et paléo-environnementales, menées depuis 2009 dans le cadre d’un projet pluridisciplinaire, apportent des informations nouvelles sur la chronologie des occupations du dernier millénaire et documentent l’émergence de la cul…
Archéologie boréale
Doté d'une image de pays de glace où les hommes ne peuvent que « survivre », de terre lointaine et difficile d'accès, l'Arctique est aujourd'hui au cœur d'enjeux environnementaux, géopolitiques, énergétiques et sociétaux que le Chantier Arctique français a résumé récemment dans sa prospective pour les cinq ans à venir (Babin & Sansoulet 2014). Dans l'Arctique, en effet, les changements climatiques enregistrés sont spectaculaires et sont directeme…
Identifier des modes de travail du bois chez les Thuléens par la photogrammétrie et la réalité virtuelle
Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo
An Early Inupiaq Occupation
This paper describes and interprets a well-preserved early Thule semi-subterranean dwelling from Cape Espenberg, Alaska. The house architecture is similar in many respects to other early Thule dwellings with a sub-rectangular main room, long sunken entrance tunnel, and associated kitchen area. However, the presence of narrow side benches and associated flooring differences adds significantly to the variability present in Thule house form. Radioca…
Ethnoarchaeology of Fuel Use in Northern Forests
Prehistoric fuel management and hearth functions are key research issues that have benefitted from the development of experimental and ethnoarchaeogical approaches aimed at providing interpretative models for archaeological fire and fuel studies.In this paper, we present a selection of ethnographic, ethnoarchaeological and ethnohistorical data mostly collected among Evenks and Athabascans of East Siberia and North America. Our aim is to question …
Deux musées pour un héritage
Cet article s'intéresse aux destins parallèles de deux collections unangax̂ (aléoutes) constituées dans la seconde moitié du XIXesiècle par le Français Alphonse Pinart et l'Américain William Dall. Fondées sur une rivalité entre ces deux personnages, ces collections, issues de leurs explorations respectives de cavernes funéraires de l'île d'Unga, forment un ensemble d'objets aussi unique qu'énigmatique, divisé entre le Château-Musée de Boulogne-su…
Ancient arctic pyro-technologies
Studying pre-colonial gendered use of space in the Arctic
Marine Reservoir Effects in Seal (Phocidae) Bones in the Northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, Northwestern Alaska
We explore marine reservoir effects (MREs) in seal bones from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas regions. Ringed and bearded seals have served as dietary staples in human populations along the coasts of Arctic northeast Asia and North America for several millennia. Radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates on seal bones and terrestrial materials (caribou, plants seeds, wood, and wood charcoal) were compared from archaeological sites in the Bering Strait region…
Dating Coastal Archaeological Wood From Pingusugruk (15th–17th CE), Northern Alaska
Along the coasts of northern Alaska, in a treeless tundra environment, the primary wood resource for coastal populations is driftwood, a seasonal and exogenous resource carried by the major rivers of western North America. The potential of Alaskan coastal archaeological wood for tree-ring research was first assessed in the 1940s by archaeologist and tree-ring research pioneer J. L. Giddings. Despite his success, the difficulties of dendrochronolo…
Quels sont les apports des analyses conjointes archéoentomologiques et archéobotaniques dans les contextes arctiques
Dans l’Arctique américain, les recherches archéo-entomologiques et archéobotaniques sur des sites de chasseurs-collecteurs paléo- et néo-Inuit permettent d’identifier des restes de plantes et d’insectes qui apportent des informations sur certaines pratiques liées à l’hygiène, à l’alimentation et à la gestion de l’espace dans les habitats hivernaux, ainsi qu’à d’autres usages. Nous présentons dans cet article les résultats préliminaires de nos étu…
Genetic Analysis of Birnirk Inuit from the Alaskan North Slope
Archaeological evidence indicates that Birnirk peoples (AD 650 – 1300) are the proposed genetic ancestors of the Thule Inuit (AD 950 – 1400) and are potentially an intermediary population between the Thule Inuit and earlier Old Bering Sea people (AD 1 – 1000). We sequenced the first hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA of 22 clearly associated Birnirk individuals from the Piġniq (Birnirk), Kugok, Kugusugaruk, and Nunavak sites on the Nor…
Dendroarchaeology of Birnirk and Thule Architectural Timbers (10–13th Centuries)
Along the coast of northwestern Alaska, architectural wood remains are well preserved in the Birnirk and Thule coastal sites of the early 2nd millennium CE . These structural wood elements are unique archives for documenting climatic variations and cultural transformations during this key development period of Inuit culture. Along this treeless Arctic coast, driftwood accumulates from the subarctic forests of interior Alaska. Except for northwest…
The Alligator Lake Throwing Dart, Yukon, Canada
On August 25th, 2018, the Yukon Ice Patch Research Group recovered a 6,000-year-old segmented throwing dart from site JcUu-11 (Hare et al. 2004) located in the traditional territories of the Carcross/Tagish First Nation and the Kwanlin Dün First Nation, Yukon Canada. The discovery was the result of a dramatic retreat of an ice patch over a period of 23 days. This discovery is the first entirely complete atlatl throwing dart retrieved from an arch…
Formation processes of archaeobotanical assemblages of an early Thule Iñupiaq dwelling at Cape Espenberg, northwest Alaska
Arctic. • Archaeobotany. • Formation process. • Inuit. • Plant use. Archaeobotany remains an underdeveloped discipline in the Arctic, with comparatively little known about the processes involved in the formation of plant assemblages in ancestral Inuit sites. Archaeobotanical records from seasonal forager sites at high latitudes present several peculiarities: 1) excellent preservation; 2) lack of domesticated species prior to contact with European…
Introduction
Le double-continent américain est un immense espace, singulier à plusieurs titres, et qui se caractérise par une forte diversité environnementale et culturelle (Silverman H. et W. H. Isbell, 2008 ; Krupnik I., 2022 ; Faugère B. et N. Goepfert, 2022 ; Bertrand M. et al., 2016). Dernier continent colonisé par Homo sapiens (Moreno-Mayar J. et al., 2018 ; Raff J., 2022) à une date qui reste fortement débattue (par exemple Gómez Coutouly Y.-A., 2021 ;…
Introduction
The South and North American continent is a huge area, unique in many ways, and characterized by a large diversity of environments and cultures (Silverman H. and W. H. Isbell, 2008; Krupnik I.; 2022; Faugère B. and N. Goepfert, 2022; Bertrand M. et al., 2016). The last continent colonized by Homo sapiens (Moreno-Mayar J. et al., 2018; Raff J., 2022) at a date that remains highly debated (e.g. Gómez Coutouly Y.-A., 2021; Lourdeau A., 2021; Gruhn R…
Introducción
El doble continente americano es un espacio inmenso, único en muchos aspectos, y que se caracteriza por una gran diversidad medioambiental y cultural (Silverman H. y W. H. Isbell, 2008; Krupnik I., 2022; Faugère B. y N. Goepfert, 2022; Bertrand M. et al., 2016). Último continente colonizado por Homo sapiens (Moreno-Mayar J. et al., 2018; Raff J., 2022) en un periodo aún muy discutido (ver, por ejemplo, Gómez Coutouly Y.-A., 2021; Lourdeau A., 202…
Geography (21 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (19 obras) · Indigenous Studies and Ecology (17 obras) · Archaeology (16 obras) · Arctic (10 obras) · Geology (9 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (9 obras) · Physical geography (8 obras) · Oceanography (7 obras) · Art (6 obras)