Howard Rachlin
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 2074525 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Howard Rachlin |
| NOMBRES | Howard |
| APELLIDO | Rachlin |
| FIRMA | RACHLIN H |
| AFILIACIONES | Stony Brook University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6552-5604 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 18 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 36 |
| OBRAS COMO AUTOR | 18 |
| OBRAS COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1980 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Altruism and Social Discounting in Children
Discounting by Probabilistic Waiting
In everyday life, many probabilistic situations may be characterized as probabilistic waiting. A gambler, for example, bets repeatedly at the racetrack, the casino, or the card table. The gambler may not win on the first try, but if a gamble is repeated enough times, a win is almost certain to occur eventually. If repeated gambles are structured as strings of losses ending in a win (probabilistic waiting) and the amount won is discounted by the d…
Now for Me, Later for Us? Effects of Group Context on Temporal Discounting
Delayed rewards are less valuable than immediate rewards. This well-established finding has focused almost entirely on individual outcomes. However, are delayed rewards similarly discounted if they are shared by a group? The current article reports on three experiments exploring the effect of group context on delay discounting. Results indicate that discount rates of individual and group rewards were highly correlated, but that respondents were m…
Temporal Dynamics of Cooperation
Parties in real-world conflicts often attempt to punish each other's behavior. If this strategy fails to produce mutual cooperation, they may increase punishment magnitude. The present experiment investigated whether delay-reduction - potentially less harmful than magnitude increase - would generate mutual cooperation as interactions are repeated. Participants played a prisoner's dilemma game against a computer that played a tit-for-tat strategy,…
The Science of Self-Control
This book proposes a new science of self-control based on principles of behavioral psychology and economics. Claiming that insight and self-knowledge are insufficient for controlling one’s behavior, Howard Rachlin argues that the only way to achieve such control—and ultimately happiness—is through the development of harmonious patterns of behavior.
Science of Self-Control
Social discounting and delay discounting
Social discounting was measured as the amount of money a participant was willing to forgo to give a fixed amount (usually $75) to another person. In the first experiment, amount forgone was a hyperbolic function of the social distance between the giver and receiver. In the second experiment, degree of social discounting was an increasing function of reward magnitude whereas degree of delay discounting was a decreasing function of reward magnitude…
Social Discounting
The amount of money a person was willing to forgo in order to give $75 to another person decreased as a hyperbolic function of the perceived social distance between them. Similar hyperbolic functions have previously been shown to describe both time and probability discounting.
Probability of reciprocation in repeated prisoner's dilemma games
Both social cooperation and self-control require reciprocation. In social cooperation situations a single person's cooperative act, if not reciprocated by others, would be unreinforced both immediately and in the long term. Similarly, a single act of self-control (refusing a single cigarette, for example), if not followed up by other such acts, would also be unreinforced immediately and in the long term. The present experiments varied probability…
Discounting in judgments of delay and probability
Subjects drew lines proportional in length to their subjective valuation of various amounts of money, available immediately and certainly, relative to a standard amount ranging across groups from $1,000,000 to $10. They also drew lines proportional to their subjective valuation of standard amounts with delays ranging from 1 day to 50 years and with probabilities ranging from 1/10 to 1/10,000,000. Amounts of certain–immediate money equivalent (in …
Prior experience and patterning in a prisoner's dilemma game
Prior experience and patterning in a prisoner's dilemma game
Female college students first played a pseudo-prisoner's dilemma (PPD) game with the experimenter, who followed a fixed strategy. In the first experiment the experimenter's strategies for different groups of subjects were: (a) play tit-for-tat; (b) play randomly; (c) always cooperate; (d) always defect (‘cooperation’ and ‘defection’, defined as in an actual prisoner's dilemma game). Only the tit-for-tat group increased cooperation over trials; ot…
The effect of temporal constraints on the value of money and other commodities
The value of hypothetical rewards of various delays and durations, consisting of money or other commodities, such as automobile use and vacations, was measured by the psychophysical up‐down staircase method using an amount of unrestricted immediate money as the titrated variable. A model of temporal discounting based on implied constraints on anticipated consumption rate described the data. Further explicit constraints on consumption produced pre…
Teleological behaviorism
Subjective Probability and Delay
Human subjects indicated their preference between a hypothetical $1,000 reward available with various probabilities or delays and a certain reward of variable amount available immediately. The function relating the amount of the certain‐immediate reward subjectively equivalent to the delayed $1,000 reward had the same general shape (hyperbolic) as the function found by Mazur (1987) to describe pigeons' delay discounting. The function relating the…
An animal model of dyadic social interaction
Commodity-Choice Behavior with Pigeons as Subjects
Starting from an initial (baseline) budget line, income-compensated price changes always resulted in substitution effects consistent with the Slutsky-Hicks theory. This behavior cannot be explained by a simple random-behavior model. Similar changes in relative prices that did not originate from the initial (baseline) budget line resulted in "undersubstitution effects": The composition of consumption changed in the expected direction, but the magn…
A (Stubborn) Refusal to Return to Introspectionism
Social discounting and delay discounting
Social discounting was measured as the amount of money a participant was willing to forgo to give a fixed amount (usually $75) to another person. In the first experiment, amount forgone was a hyperbolic function of the social distance between the giver and receiver. In the second experiment, degree of social discounting was an increasing function of reward magnitude whereas degree of delay discounting was a decreasing function of reward magnitude…
Commodity-Choice Behavior with Pigeons as Subjects
Starting from an initial (baseline) budget line, income-compensated price changes always resulted in substitution effects consistent with the Slutsky-Hicks theory. This behavior cannot be explained by a simple random-behavior model. Similar changes in relative prices that did not originate from the initial (baseline) budget line resulted in "undersubstitution effects": The composition of consumption changed in the expected direction, but the magn…
The effect of temporal constraints on the value of money and other commodities
The value of hypothetical rewards of various delays and durations, consisting of money or other commodities, such as automobile use and vacations, was measured by the psychophysical up‐down staircase method using an amount of unrestricted immediate money as the titrated variable. A model of temporal discounting based on implied constraints on anticipated consumption rate described the data. Further explicit constraints on consumption produced pre…
Teleological behaviorism
Discounting by Probabilistic Waiting
In everyday life, many probabilistic situations may be characterized as probabilistic waiting. A gambler, for example, bets repeatedly at the racetrack, the casino, or the card table. The gambler may not win on the first try, but if a gamble is repeated enough times, a win is almost certain to occur eventually. If repeated gambles are structured as strings of losses ending in a win (probabilistic waiting) and the amount won is discounted by the d…
Now for Me, Later for Us? Effects of Group Context on Temporal Discounting
Delayed rewards are less valuable than immediate rewards. This well-established finding has focused almost entirely on individual outcomes. However, are delayed rewards similarly discounted if they are shared by a group? The current article reports on three experiments exploring the effect of group context on delay discounting. Results indicate that discount rates of individual and group rewards were highly correlated, but that respondents were m…
A (Stubborn) Refusal to Return to Introspectionism
Commodity-Choice Behavior with Pigeons as Subjects
Starting from an initial (baseline) budget line, income-compensated price changes always resulted in substitution effects consistent with the Slutsky-Hicks theory. This behavior cannot be explained by a simple random-behavior model. Similar changes in relative prices that did not originate from the initial (baseline) budget line resulted in "undersubstitution effects": The composition of consumption changed in the expected direction, but the magn…
An animal model of dyadic social interaction
Subjective Probability and Delay
Human subjects indicated their preference between a hypothetical $1,000 reward available with various probabilities or delays and a certain reward of variable amount available immediately. The function relating the amount of the certain‐immediate reward subjectively equivalent to the delayed $1,000 reward had the same general shape (hyperbolic) as the function found by Mazur (1987) to describe pigeons' delay discounting. The function relating the…
Teleological behaviorism
The effect of temporal constraints on the value of money and other commodities
The value of hypothetical rewards of various delays and durations, consisting of money or other commodities, such as automobile use and vacations, was measured by the psychophysical up‐down staircase method using an amount of unrestricted immediate money as the titrated variable. A model of temporal discounting based on implied constraints on anticipated consumption rate described the data. Further explicit constraints on consumption produced pre…
Prior experience and patterning in a prisoner's dilemma game
Prior experience and patterning in a prisoner's dilemma game
Female college students first played a pseudo-prisoner's dilemma (PPD) game with the experimenter, who followed a fixed strategy. In the first experiment the experimenter's strategies for different groups of subjects were: (a) play tit-for-tat; (b) play randomly; (c) always cooperate; (d) always defect (‘cooperation’ and ‘defection’, defined as in an actual prisoner's dilemma game). Only the tit-for-tat group increased cooperation over trials; ot…
Discounting in judgments of delay and probability
Subjects drew lines proportional in length to their subjective valuation of various amounts of money, available immediately and certainly, relative to a standard amount ranging across groups from $1,000,000 to $10. They also drew lines proportional to their subjective valuation of standard amounts with delays ranging from 1 day to 50 years and with probabilities ranging from 1/10 to 1/10,000,000. Amounts of certain–immediate money equivalent (in …
Probability of reciprocation in repeated prisoner's dilemma games
Both social cooperation and self-control require reciprocation. In social cooperation situations a single person's cooperative act, if not reciprocated by others, would be unreinforced both immediately and in the long term. Similarly, a single act of self-control (refusing a single cigarette, for example), if not followed up by other such acts, would also be unreinforced immediately and in the long term. The present experiments varied probability…
Social Discounting
The amount of money a person was willing to forgo in order to give $75 to another person decreased as a hyperbolic function of the perceived social distance between them. Similar hyperbolic functions have previously been shown to describe both time and probability discounting.
Social discounting and delay discounting
Social discounting was measured as the amount of money a participant was willing to forgo to give a fixed amount (usually $75) to another person. In the first experiment, amount forgone was a hyperbolic function of the social distance between the giver and receiver. In the second experiment, degree of social discounting was an increasing function of reward magnitude whereas degree of delay discounting was a decreasing function of reward magnitude…
The Science of Self-Control
This book proposes a new science of self-control based on principles of behavioral psychology and economics. Claiming that insight and self-knowledge are insufficient for controlling one’s behavior, Howard Rachlin argues that the only way to achieve such control—and ultimately happiness—is through the development of harmonious patterns of behavior.
Science of Self-Control
Now for Me, Later for Us? Effects of Group Context on Temporal Discounting
Delayed rewards are less valuable than immediate rewards. This well-established finding has focused almost entirely on individual outcomes. However, are delayed rewards similarly discounted if they are shared by a group? The current article reports on three experiments exploring the effect of group context on delay discounting. Results indicate that discount rates of individual and group rewards were highly correlated, but that respondents were m…
Temporal Dynamics of Cooperation
Parties in real-world conflicts often attempt to punish each other's behavior. If this strategy fails to produce mutual cooperation, they may increase punishment magnitude. The present experiment investigated whether delay-reduction - potentially less harmful than magnitude increase - would generate mutual cooperation as interactions are repeated. Participants played a prisoner's dilemma game against a computer that played a tit-for-tat strategy,…
Discounting by Probabilistic Waiting
In everyday life, many probabilistic situations may be characterized as probabilistic waiting. A gambler, for example, bets repeatedly at the racetrack, the casino, or the card table. The gambler may not win on the first try, but if a gamble is repeated enough times, a win is almost certain to occur eventually. If repeated gambles are structured as strings of losses ending in a win (probabilistic waiting) and the amount won is discounted by the d…
Altruism and Social Discounting in Children
Psychology (14 obras) · Economics (11 obras) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (10 obras) · Discounting (9 obras) · Delay discounting (8 obras) · Mathematics (7 obras) · Social Psychology (7 obras) · Social Psychology (7 obras) · Microeconomics (6 obras) · Econometrics (5 obras)