J Edward Schofield
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 219078 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | J Edward Schofield |
| NOMBRES | J Edward |
| APELLIDO | Schofield |
| FIRMA | SCHOFIELD J E |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Aberdeen |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1379-0753 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 36 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 162 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 36 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2005 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
The missing woodland story
Longer‐term perspectives—equivalent to the lifespans of long‐lived trees—are required to fully inform perceptions of ‘naturalness’ used in woodland conservation and management. Stand‐scale dynamics of an old growth temperate woodland are reconstructed using palaeoecological data. The study site is Cambusurich Wood, Scotland, a woodland designated for conservation due to its ‘naturalness’. High temporal resolution palaeoecological records (pollen,…
Reconstructing prehistoric land cover and landuse in complex ‘blue-green’ landscapes
Environmental context is vital when analysing archaeological sites and interpreting past human activity. Pollen, being widely dispersed and readily preserved in wetland sediments, is frequently used to investigate past land cover, especially in wetland-rich ‘blue-green’ lowland landscapes (landscapes formed in locations where hydrology is an important determinant of natural vegetation, geomorphology and land use, such as river valleys and estuari…
Beyond national jurisdiction
In this provocation, we explore the benefits of expanding the scope of the UNESCO World Heritage List from being limited to sites within territorial boundaries to include examples beyond national jurisdiction. By this we mean sites that are illustrative of the entire Earth-Moon system. Currently, over 45% of the Earth’s surface lies beyond the jurisdiction of the 1972 World Heritage Convention, meaning outside the borders (lands and territorial w…
Starting with trees
This paper explores learning about environments with a focus on starting with trees. The paper examines children and young people's perceptions of and engagement with trees, as part of a large grant that sought to examine the dis/benefits of trees for children's lives and learning. In this paper, we attempt to move beyond notions of ‘education for sustainability’ in that we start with knowledges generated with trees. We are concerned that current…
Agricultural systems regulate plant and insect diversity and induce ecosystem novelty
Land-use change plays an important role in shaping plant and insect diversity over long time timescales. Great Britain provides an ideal case study to investigate patterns of long-term vegetation and insect diversity change owing to the existence of spatially and temporally extensive environmental archives (lake sediments, peatlands, and archaeological sites) and a long history of landscape transformation through agrarian change. The trends ident…
Environmental Challenges for the Medieval North Atlantic World
Open access via T&F agreement
Palynological evidence for pre-agricultural reindeer grazing and the later settlement history of the Lycksele region, northern Sweden
Analyses of high-resolution pollen data, coprophilous fungal spores, microscopic charcoal and sedimentology, combined with radiocarbon dating, allow the assessment of the impact of Sami and Nordic land use in the region surrounding the winter market town of Lycksele in northern Sweden. Such winter markets were established by the Crown during the seventeenth century AD to control the semi-nomadic movements of the Sami who traded here with Finnish …
Thule Inuit environmental impacts on Kangeq, southwest Greenland
Pushing the Limits
This paper presents two high-resolution pollen records dating to ∼AD 1000–1400 that reveal the impacts of Norse colonists on vegetation and landscape around a remote farmstead in the Western Settlement of Greenland. The study is centred upon a ‘centralised farm’ (ruin group V53d) in Austmannadalen, near the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet (64°13′N, 49°49′W). The climate is low arctic and considered marginal in terms of its suitability for the t…
The glacial geomorphology of upper Godthåbsfjord (Nuup Kangerlua) in southwest Greenland
The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is known to have experienced widespread retreat over the last century. Information on outlet glacier dynamics, prior to this, are limited due to both a lack of observations and a paucity of mapped or mappable deglacial evidence which restricts our understanding of centennial to millennial timescale dynamics of the GrIS. Here we present glacial geomorphological mapping, for upper Godthåbsfjord, covering 5800 km2 at a…
High-resolution palynology reveals the land use history of a Sami renvall in northern Sweden
The limited availability of historical and archaeological evidence means that much is still unknown about the development of Sami reindeer herding in Fennoscandia in both the recent and more distant past. To address this problem, high-resolution palynological analyses, 14 C and 210 Pb dating were undertaken on two adjacent ( renvall ) near Jokkmokk (~66.6°N, 19.8°E) in the boreal forest of northern Sweden. The aim was to assess the impact of Sami…
A Geochemical Signal from a Mesolithic Intertidal Archaeological Site
This paper presents the results of multielemental mapping conducted on peat samples taken from a presumed Mesolithic coastal activity zone at the intertidal site of Clachan Harbor, Scotland. The aim of the study was to use peat geochemical analysis to assess possible evidence for an anthropogenic chemical signal within the peat that might be linked to the use of the site during the Mesolithic. Spatial changes in peat geochemistry revealed a “chan…
The Bennachie Colony
Climate changes, lead pollution and soil erosion in south Greenland over the past 700 years
A peat core from southern Greenland provided a rare opportunity to investigate human-environment interactions, climate change and atmospheric pollution over the last ~ 700 years. X-ray fluorescence, gas chromatography-combustion, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, peat humification and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were applied and combined with palynological and archaeological evidence. Variations in peat mineral content seem to be relat…
Moving forwards? Palynology and the human dimension
Europeanization of Sub-Arctic Environments
A multiple profile approach to the palynological reconstruction of Norse landscapes in Greenland's Eastern Settlement
Palynological research is increasingly revealing the landscape impacts of Norse colonisation in southern Greenland. Typically, although not exclusively, these studies are from depositional environments with highly localised pollen source areas close to fjord-side centres of medieval power. In contrast, this paper presents data from Vatnahverfi, an inland district of the Eastern Settlement, and explores the emergence of a cultural landscape throug…
Vatnahverfi
Accounts describing the Vatnahverfi region of Greenland are almost always effusive in their praise for the rich and bountiful nature of the landscape. Whether it was the dense scrub and woodlands, or the freshwater lakes and fertile green pastures, this landscape—contrary to elsewhere in the Eastern Settlement—is frequently assumed to have been an excellent location for Norse pastoral farming. Nevertheless, these observations are merely anecdotal…
Shieling activity in the Norse Eastern Settlement
Transhumance agriculture formed a key component of subsistence strategies in the Norse economies of the North Atlantic, with evidence of shielings or sæters found in Norway, Scotland, the Faroe Islands and Iceland. It is frequently assumed to have played a role in Norse Greenland, yet little enquiry has been made into such activity. This paper seeks to address this deficit, presenting the first palaeoenvironmental study of a suspected Greenlandic…
Re-deposited cryptotephra layers in Holocene peats linked to anthropogenic activity
Tephra layers can form useful age-equivalent stratigraphic markers for correlating palaeoenvironmental sequences and they provide information about the spatio-temporal nature of past volcanic ash fall events. The use of microscopic ‘cryptotephra’ layers has both increased the stratigraphic resolution of tephra sequences in proximal areas and extended the distal application of tephrochronology to regions of the world situated far from volcanoes. E…
Radiocarbon Dating at Toftanes and the Wider Faroese Context
Towards a First Chronology for the Middle Settlement of Norse Greenland
The so-called Middle Settlement ( Mellembygden ) of Norse/Viking Greenland has received far less attention than either of its larger Eastern and Western counterparts. The Greenlandic Norse occupation is nominally taken to date between AD 985 and about AD 1450 and it is generally assumed that the Western Settlement was abandoned prior to the Eastern, but where the Middle Settlement fits into the pattern temporally has hitherto been completely unkn…
Old Norse elements within the flora of Greenland
Investigation of proposed Norse irrigation channels and dams at Garðar/Igaliku, Greenland
Long-term development of a cultural landscape
Palaeoecological and historical evidence for manuring and irrigation at Garðar (Igaliku), Norse Eastern Settlement, Greenland
Palaeoenvironmental data are presented from the site of Garðar (modern Igaliku), the location of the cathedral and the bishop's farm in the Norse Eastern Settlement of Greenland. The latter was founded from c. AD 985 and abandoned some time during the fifteenth century. Inspection of drainage ditches located in close proximity to the settlement ruins revealed inter alia an organic-rich unit containing cultural debris (worked wood, animal bone, st…
Environmental impacts around the time of Norse landnám in the Qorlortoq valley, Eastern Settlement, Greenland
Grazing impacts and woodland management in Eriksfjord
Moving forwards? Palynology and the human dimension
Norse–Inuit interaction and landscape change in southern Greenland? A geochronological, Pedological, and Palynological investigation
Ruins representing both medieval Norse and Inuit (Thule culture) settlements can be found together on the coast at Sandhavn (59°59′ N, 44°46′ W), Greenland. The site presents a rare opportunity to investigate the character of past contact and interaction between these two peoples. Soils‐based, radiocarbon, and palynological analyses demonstrate the creation of hortic anthrosols within Norse home‐fields used between the mid‐11th and late 14th cent…
First comprehensive peat depositional records for tin, lead and copper associated with the antiquity of Europe's largest cassiterite deposits
Tin, as a constituent of bronze, was central to the technological development of early societies, but cassiterite (SnO2) deposits were scarce and located distantly from the centres of Mediterranean civilizations. As Britain had the largest workable ore deposits in the ancient Western world, this has led to much historical speculation and myth regarding the long-distance trading of tin from the Bronze Age onwards. Here we establish the first detai…
High-resolution palynology reveals the land use history of a Sami renvall in northern Sweden
The limited availability of historical and archaeological evidence means that much is still unknown about the development of Sami reindeer herding in Fennoscandia in both the recent and more distant past. To address this problem, high-resolution palynological analyses, 14 C and 210 Pb dating were undertaken on two adjacent ( renvall ) near Jokkmokk (~66.6°N, 19.8°E) in the boreal forest of northern Sweden. The aim was to assess the impact of Sami…
A pollen analytical record for hemp retting from Dungeness Foreland, UK
Mid to late Holocene vegetation and land use history in the Weald of south-eastern England
Shieling activity in the Norse Eastern Settlement
Transhumance agriculture formed a key component of subsistence strategies in the Norse economies of the North Atlantic, with evidence of shielings or sæters found in Norway, Scotland, the Faroe Islands and Iceland. It is frequently assumed to have played a role in Norse Greenland, yet little enquiry has been made into such activity. This paper seeks to address this deficit, presenting the first palaeoenvironmental study of a suspected Greenlandic…
Long-term development of a cultural landscape
The Bennachie Colony
Re-deposited cryptotephra layers in Holocene peats linked to anthropogenic activity
Tephra layers can form useful age-equivalent stratigraphic markers for correlating palaeoenvironmental sequences and they provide information about the spatio-temporal nature of past volcanic ash fall events. The use of microscopic ‘cryptotephra’ layers has both increased the stratigraphic resolution of tephra sequences in proximal areas and extended the distal application of tephrochronology to regions of the world situated far from volcanoes. E…
Investigation of proposed Norse irrigation channels and dams at Garðar/Igaliku, Greenland
Interpretation of radiocarbon dates from the upper surface of late-Holocene peat layers in coastal lowlands
Marine/brackish clastic sediments replace freshwater peats in the stratigraphic column of many coastal lowland areas bordering the North Sea during the late Holocene. Radiocarbon dates are routinely used to provide a chronology for this shift. We examine the assumptions underpinning this approach. The results of investigations from 13 sites in the Rye area of Romney Marsh, southeast England, are reported. Dates from apparently gradational contact…
Agricultural systems regulate plant and insect diversity and induce ecosystem novelty
Land-use change plays an important role in shaping plant and insect diversity over long time timescales. Great Britain provides an ideal case study to investigate patterns of long-term vegetation and insect diversity change owing to the existence of spatially and temporally extensive environmental archives (lake sediments, peatlands, and archaeological sites) and a long history of landscape transformation through agrarian change. The trends ident…
Towards a First Chronology for the Middle Settlement of Norse Greenland
The so-called Middle Settlement ( Mellembygden ) of Norse/Viking Greenland has received far less attention than either of its larger Eastern and Western counterparts. The Greenlandic Norse occupation is nominally taken to date between AD 985 and about AD 1450 and it is generally assumed that the Western Settlement was abandoned prior to the Eastern, but where the Middle Settlement fits into the pattern temporally has hitherto been completely unkn…
Bowmont
(2010). Bowmont: An Environmental History of the Bowmont Valley and the North Cheviot Hills, 10000 BC-AD 2000. By Richard Tipping. Archaeological Journal: Vol. 167, No. 1, pp. 253-254
Mid-Holocene presence of water chestnut (Trapa natans L.) in the meres of Holderness, East Yorkshire, UK
Palaeoenvironmental and radiocarbon data are presented from an infilled freshwater basin (Lambwath Mere) in Holderness, East Yorkshire (UK). The site contains a rare and detailed c. 4000 cal. yr mid-Holocene pollen record for the floating-leaved aquatic plant Trapa natans (L.) (water chestnut). Competing hypotheses (natural and anthropogenic) to explain the earlier presence of this ‘exotic’ species in Holderness are evaluated. Maximum Trapa frequ…
Pushing the Limits
This paper presents two high-resolution pollen records dating to ∼AD 1000–1400 that reveal the impacts of Norse colonists on vegetation and landscape around a remote farmstead in the Western Settlement of Greenland. The study is centred upon a ‘centralised farm’ (ruin group V53d) in Austmannadalen, near the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet (64°13′N, 49°49′W). The climate is low arctic and considered marginal in terms of its suitability for the t…
A Geochemical Signal from a Mesolithic Intertidal Archaeological Site
This paper presents the results of multielemental mapping conducted on peat samples taken from a presumed Mesolithic coastal activity zone at the intertidal site of Clachan Harbor, Scotland. The aim of the study was to use peat geochemical analysis to assess possible evidence for an anthropogenic chemical signal within the peat that might be linked to the use of the site during the Mesolithic. Spatial changes in peat geochemistry revealed a “chan…
Europeanization of Sub-Arctic Environments
Vatnahverfi
Accounts describing the Vatnahverfi region of Greenland are almost always effusive in their praise for the rich and bountiful nature of the landscape. Whether it was the dense scrub and woodlands, or the freshwater lakes and fertile green pastures, this landscape—contrary to elsewhere in the Eastern Settlement—is frequently assumed to have been an excellent location for Norse pastoral farming. Nevertheless, these observations are merely anecdotal…
Mid-Holocene presence of water chestnut (Trapa natans L.) in the meres of Holderness, East Yorkshire, UK
Palaeoenvironmental and radiocarbon data are presented from an infilled freshwater basin (Lambwath Mere) in Holderness, East Yorkshire (UK). The site contains a rare and detailed c. 4000 cal. yr mid-Holocene pollen record for the floating-leaved aquatic plant Trapa natans (L.) (water chestnut). Competing hypotheses (natural and anthropogenic) to explain the earlier presence of this ‘exotic’ species in Holderness are evaluated. Maximum Trapa frequ…
A pollen analytical record for hemp retting from Dungeness Foreland, UK
Interpretation of radiocarbon dates from the upper surface of late-Holocene peat layers in coastal lowlands
Marine/brackish clastic sediments replace freshwater peats in the stratigraphic column of many coastal lowland areas bordering the North Sea during the late Holocene. Radiocarbon dates are routinely used to provide a chronology for this shift. We examine the assumptions underpinning this approach. The results of investigations from 13 sites in the Rye area of Romney Marsh, southeast England, are reported. Dates from apparently gradational contact…
Mid to late Holocene vegetation and land use history in the Weald of south-eastern England
Environmental impacts around the time of Norse landnám in the Qorlortoq valley, Eastern Settlement, Greenland
High resolution paleoenvironmental and chronological investigations of Norse landnám at Tasiusaq, Eastern Settlement, Greenland
High-resolution paleoenvironmental data from a peat profile with a small pollen source area are used to reconstruct the impacts of landnám on vegetation and soils at a Norse farm complex (∅2 at Tasiusaq) comprising two farms in the Eastern Settlement of Greenland. Analyses include the AMS 14 C dating of plant macrofossil samples and the use of Bayesian radiocarbon calibration to construct improved age–depth models for Norse cultural horizons. The…
Palaeoecological and historical evidence for manuring and irrigation at Garðar (Igaliku), Norse Eastern Settlement, Greenland
Palaeoenvironmental data are presented from the site of Garðar (modern Igaliku), the location of the cathedral and the bishop's farm in the Norse Eastern Settlement of Greenland. The latter was founded from c. AD 985 and abandoned some time during the fifteenth century. Inspection of drainage ditches located in close proximity to the settlement ruins revealed inter alia an organic-rich unit containing cultural debris (worked wood, animal bone, st…
Bowmont
(2010). Bowmont: An Environmental History of the Bowmont Valley and the North Cheviot Hills, 10000 BC-AD 2000. By Richard Tipping. Archaeological Journal: Vol. 167, No. 1, pp. 253-254
Grazing impacts and woodland management in Eriksfjord
Norse–Inuit interaction and landscape change in southern Greenland? A geochronological, Pedological, and Palynological investigation
Ruins representing both medieval Norse and Inuit (Thule culture) settlements can be found together on the coast at Sandhavn (59°59′ N, 44°46′ W), Greenland. The site presents a rare opportunity to investigate the character of past contact and interaction between these two peoples. Soils‐based, radiocarbon, and palynological analyses demonstrate the creation of hortic anthrosols within Norse home‐fields used between the mid‐11th and late 14th cent…
First comprehensive peat depositional records for tin, lead and copper associated with the antiquity of Europe's largest cassiterite deposits
Tin, as a constituent of bronze, was central to the technological development of early societies, but cassiterite (SnO2) deposits were scarce and located distantly from the centres of Mediterranean civilizations. As Britain had the largest workable ore deposits in the ancient Western world, this has led to much historical speculation and myth regarding the long-distance trading of tin from the Bronze Age onwards. Here we establish the first detai…
Old Norse elements within the flora of Greenland
Investigation of proposed Norse irrigation channels and dams at Garðar/Igaliku, Greenland
Long-term development of a cultural landscape
Shieling activity in the Norse Eastern Settlement
Transhumance agriculture formed a key component of subsistence strategies in the Norse economies of the North Atlantic, with evidence of shielings or sæters found in Norway, Scotland, the Faroe Islands and Iceland. It is frequently assumed to have played a role in Norse Greenland, yet little enquiry has been made into such activity. This paper seeks to address this deficit, presenting the first palaeoenvironmental study of a suspected Greenlandic…
Re-deposited cryptotephra layers in Holocene peats linked to anthropogenic activity
Tephra layers can form useful age-equivalent stratigraphic markers for correlating palaeoenvironmental sequences and they provide information about the spatio-temporal nature of past volcanic ash fall events. The use of microscopic ‘cryptotephra’ layers has both increased the stratigraphic resolution of tephra sequences in proximal areas and extended the distal application of tephrochronology to regions of the world situated far from volcanoes. E…
Radiocarbon Dating at Toftanes and the Wider Faroese Context
Towards a First Chronology for the Middle Settlement of Norse Greenland
The so-called Middle Settlement ( Mellembygden ) of Norse/Viking Greenland has received far less attention than either of its larger Eastern and Western counterparts. The Greenlandic Norse occupation is nominally taken to date between AD 985 and about AD 1450 and it is generally assumed that the Western Settlement was abandoned prior to the Eastern, but where the Middle Settlement fits into the pattern temporally has hitherto been completely unkn…
A multiple profile approach to the palynological reconstruction of Norse landscapes in Greenland's Eastern Settlement
Palynological research is increasingly revealing the landscape impacts of Norse colonisation in southern Greenland. Typically, although not exclusively, these studies are from depositional environments with highly localised pollen source areas close to fjord-side centres of medieval power. In contrast, this paper presents data from Vatnahverfi, an inland district of the Eastern Settlement, and explores the emergence of a cultural landscape throug…
Vatnahverfi
Accounts describing the Vatnahverfi region of Greenland are almost always effusive in their praise for the rich and bountiful nature of the landscape. Whether it was the dense scrub and woodlands, or the freshwater lakes and fertile green pastures, this landscape—contrary to elsewhere in the Eastern Settlement—is frequently assumed to have been an excellent location for Norse pastoral farming. Nevertheless, these observations are merely anecdotal…
Climate changes, lead pollution and soil erosion in south Greenland over the past 700 years
A peat core from southern Greenland provided a rare opportunity to investigate human-environment interactions, climate change and atmospheric pollution over the last ~ 700 years. X-ray fluorescence, gas chromatography-combustion, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, peat humification and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were applied and combined with palynological and archaeological evidence. Variations in peat mineral content seem to be relat…
Moving forwards? Palynology and the human dimension
Europeanization of Sub-Arctic Environments
High-resolution palynology reveals the land use history of a Sami renvall in northern Sweden
The limited availability of historical and archaeological evidence means that much is still unknown about the development of Sami reindeer herding in Fennoscandia in both the recent and more distant past. To address this problem, high-resolution palynological analyses, 14 C and 210 Pb dating were undertaken on two adjacent ( renvall ) near Jokkmokk (~66.6°N, 19.8°E) in the boreal forest of northern Sweden. The aim was to assess the impact of Sami…
A Geochemical Signal from a Mesolithic Intertidal Archaeological Site
This paper presents the results of multielemental mapping conducted on peat samples taken from a presumed Mesolithic coastal activity zone at the intertidal site of Clachan Harbor, Scotland. The aim of the study was to use peat geochemical analysis to assess possible evidence for an anthropogenic chemical signal within the peat that might be linked to the use of the site during the Mesolithic. Spatial changes in peat geochemistry revealed a “chan…
Geography (32 obras) · Archaeology (29 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (26 obras) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (25 obras) · Geology (19 obras) · Ecology (17 obras) · Pollen (17 obras) · Palynology (14 obras) · Radiocarbon dating (14 obras) · Biology (13 obras)