Dylan S Small
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 224936 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Dylan S Small |
| NOMBRES | Dylan S |
| APELLIDO | Small |
| FIRMA | SMALL D S |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Pennsylvania |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4928-2646 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 18 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 5 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 18 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2009 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
What motivates participants
Gamification and financial incentives both increased physical activity in the BE ACTIVE study, but results may be improved by tailoring interventions based on participants' personal traits and level of social support to optimize motivation. (328 words) TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03911141 Registration date: 04/09/2019
Behavioral Interventions for Increasing Seat Belt Use and Decreasing Distracted Driving Using Telematics
Objectives. To test low-cost, scalable interventions designed to encourage seat belt use (primary outcome) and discourage handheld phone use while driving. Methods. A randomized controlled trial assigned 1139 consenting General Motors‒connected vehicle customers in the United States to 1 of 4 groups for a 10-week intervention: (1) control, (2) behavioral engagement, (3) behavioral engagement plus raffle, and (4) behavioral engagement plus shared …
Adolescent Sports Participation and Health in Early Adulthood
We study the impact of teenage sports participation on early-adulthood health using data from the National Study of Youth and Religion. We focus on two primary outcomes measured at ages 23 to 28 (self-rated health and PHQ9 Patient Depression Questionnaire score) and control for several demographic and socioeconomic confounders. To probe the possibility that certain types of sports participation may have larger effects on health than others, we co…
Spatial Disadvantage and Racial Disparities in Gun Homicides
Examining a Hypothesized Causal Chain for the Effects of the 2007 Repeal of the Permit-to-Purchase Licensing Law in Missouri
Estimating Unhealthy Food Effects on Childhood Overweight in Malawi Using an Observational Study
A Note on Posttreatment Selection in Studying Racial Discrimination in Policing
We discuss some causal estimands that are used to study racial discrimination in policing. A central challenge is that not all police–civilian encounters are recorded in administrative datasets and available to researchers. One possible solution is to consider the average causal effect of race conditional on the civilian already being detained by the police. We find that such an estimand can be quite different from the more familiar ones in causa…
Urban vibrancy and safety in Philadelphia
Statistical analyses of urban environments have been recently improved through publicly available high resolution data and mapping technologies that have been adopted across industries. These technologies allow us to create metrics to empirically investigate urban design principles of the past half-century. Philadelphia is an interesting case study for this work, with its rapid urban development and population increase in the last decade. We outl…
Assessing the effects of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes using cross-sectional data in Malawi
The study has found that maternal HIV infection had an adverse effect on birth weight and perinatal mortality in 2010. Birth weight was not dependent on ART uptake but perinatal mortality was higher among infants of HIV-infected mothers who were not on ART. The higher birth weight among HIV-infected mothers and similarity in perinatal mortality with HIV-uninfected mothers in 2015-16 may be indicative of successes of interventions within the PMTCT…
Falsification Tests for Instrumental Variable Designs With an Application to Tendency to Operate
BACKGROUND: Instrumental variable (IV) methods are becoming an increasingly important tool in health services research as they can provide consistent estimates of causal effects in the presence of unobserved confounding. However, investigators must provide justifications that the IV is independent with any unmeasured confounder and its effect on the outcome occurs only through receipt of the exposure. These assumptions, while plausible in some co…
Measuring and Analyzing Length of Stay in Critical Care Trials
BACKGROUND: In randomized clinical trials among critically ill patients, it is uncertain how choices regarding the measurement and analysis of nonmortal outcomes measured in terms of duration, such as intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), affect studies' conclusions. OBJECTIVES: Assess the definitions and analytic methods used for ICU LOS analyses in published randomized clinical trials. RESEARCH DESIGN: This is a systematic review and …
Defining Multimorbidity in Older Surgical Patients
BACKGROUND: There are numerous definitions of multimorbidity (MM). None systematically examines specific comorbidity combinations accounting for multiple testing when exploring large datasets. OBJECTIVES: Develop and validate a list of all single, double, and triple comorbidity combinations, with each individual qualifying comorbidity set (QCS) more than doubling the odds of mortality versus its reference population. Patients with at least 1 QCS …
The Relationship Between Index Hospitalizations, Sepsis, and Death or Transition to Hospice Care During 30-Day Hospital Readmissions
BACKGROUND: Hospital readmissions are common, expensive, and increasingly used as a metric for assessing quality of care. The relationship between index hospitalizations and specific outcomes among those readmitted remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES: Identify risk factors present during the index hospitalization associated with death or transition to hospice care during 30-day readmissions and examine the contribution of infection in readmission…
Compliance
Neighborhood Social Environment and Patterns of Adherence to Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
This study examined whether neighborhood social environment was related to patterns of adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Residents in neighborhoods with high social affluence, high residential stability, and high neighborhood advantage, compared to residents in neighborhoods with one or no high features present, were significantly more likely to have an adherent pattern compared to a …
Patterns of Adherence to Oral Hypoglycemic Agents and Glucose Control among Primary Care Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Researchers sought to examine whether there are patterns of oral hypoglycemic-agent adherence among primary-care patients with type 2 diabetes that are related to patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. Longitudinal analysis via growth curve mixture modeling was carried out to classify 180 patients who participated in an adherence intervention according to patterns of adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents across 12 weeks. Three patterns of…
Is participation contagious? Evidence from a household vector control campaign in urban Peru
OBJECTIVES: High rates of household participation are critical to the success of door-to-door vector control campaigns. We used the Health Belief Model to assess determinants of participation, including neighbour participation as a cue to action, in a Chagas disease vector control campaign in Peru. METHODS: We evaluated clustering of participation among neighbours; estimated participation as a function of household infestation status, neighbourho…
Possible Incremental Benefits of Specialized Rehabilitation Bed Units Among Veterans After Lower Extremity Amputation
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of different types of inpatient rehabilitation on outcomes of patients undergoing lower extremity amputation for nontraumatic reasons. OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes between patients who received inpatient rehabilitation on specific rehabilitation bed units (specialized) to patients who received rehabilitation on general medical/surgical units (generalized) during the acute postoperative period. METHOD…
Examining a Hypothesized Causal Chain for the Effects of the 2007 Repeal of the Permit-to-Purchase Licensing Law in Missouri
A Note on Posttreatment Selection in Studying Racial Discrimination in Policing
We discuss some causal estimands that are used to study racial discrimination in policing. A central challenge is that not all police–civilian encounters are recorded in administrative datasets and available to researchers. One possible solution is to consider the average causal effect of race conditional on the civilian already being detained by the police. We find that such an estimand can be quite different from the more familiar ones in causa…
Is participation contagious? Evidence from a household vector control campaign in urban Peru
OBJECTIVES: High rates of household participation are critical to the success of door-to-door vector control campaigns. We used the Health Belief Model to assess determinants of participation, including neighbour participation as a cue to action, in a Chagas disease vector control campaign in Peru. METHODS: We evaluated clustering of participation among neighbours; estimated participation as a function of household infestation status, neighbourho…
Possible Incremental Benefits of Specialized Rehabilitation Bed Units Among Veterans After Lower Extremity Amputation
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of different types of inpatient rehabilitation on outcomes of patients undergoing lower extremity amputation for nontraumatic reasons. OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes between patients who received inpatient rehabilitation on specific rehabilitation bed units (specialized) to patients who received rehabilitation on general medical/surgical units (generalized) during the acute postoperative period. METHOD…
Patterns of Adherence to Oral Hypoglycemic Agents and Glucose Control among Primary Care Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Researchers sought to examine whether there are patterns of oral hypoglycemic-agent adherence among primary-care patients with type 2 diabetes that are related to patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. Longitudinal analysis via growth curve mixture modeling was carried out to classify 180 patients who participated in an adherence intervention according to patterns of adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents across 12 weeks. Three patterns of…
Is participation contagious? Evidence from a household vector control campaign in urban Peru
OBJECTIVES: High rates of household participation are critical to the success of door-to-door vector control campaigns. We used the Health Belief Model to assess determinants of participation, including neighbour participation as a cue to action, in a Chagas disease vector control campaign in Peru. METHODS: We evaluated clustering of participation among neighbours; estimated participation as a function of household infestation status, neighbourho…
Compliance
Neighborhood Social Environment and Patterns of Adherence to Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
This study examined whether neighborhood social environment was related to patterns of adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Residents in neighborhoods with high social affluence, high residential stability, and high neighborhood advantage, compared to residents in neighborhoods with one or no high features present, were significantly more likely to have an adherent pattern compared to a …
The Relationship Between Index Hospitalizations, Sepsis, and Death or Transition to Hospice Care During 30-Day Hospital Readmissions
BACKGROUND: Hospital readmissions are common, expensive, and increasingly used as a metric for assessing quality of care. The relationship between index hospitalizations and specific outcomes among those readmitted remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES: Identify risk factors present during the index hospitalization associated with death or transition to hospice care during 30-day readmissions and examine the contribution of infection in readmission…
Defining Multimorbidity in Older Surgical Patients
BACKGROUND: There are numerous definitions of multimorbidity (MM). None systematically examines specific comorbidity combinations accounting for multiple testing when exploring large datasets. OBJECTIVES: Develop and validate a list of all single, double, and triple comorbidity combinations, with each individual qualifying comorbidity set (QCS) more than doubling the odds of mortality versus its reference population. Patients with at least 1 QCS …
Falsification Tests for Instrumental Variable Designs With an Application to Tendency to Operate
BACKGROUND: Instrumental variable (IV) methods are becoming an increasingly important tool in health services research as they can provide consistent estimates of causal effects in the presence of unobserved confounding. However, investigators must provide justifications that the IV is independent with any unmeasured confounder and its effect on the outcome occurs only through receipt of the exposure. These assumptions, while plausible in some co…
Measuring and Analyzing Length of Stay in Critical Care Trials
BACKGROUND: In randomized clinical trials among critically ill patients, it is uncertain how choices regarding the measurement and analysis of nonmortal outcomes measured in terms of duration, such as intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), affect studies' conclusions. OBJECTIVES: Assess the definitions and analytic methods used for ICU LOS analyses in published randomized clinical trials. RESEARCH DESIGN: This is a systematic review and …
Urban vibrancy and safety in Philadelphia
Statistical analyses of urban environments have been recently improved through publicly available high resolution data and mapping technologies that have been adopted across industries. These technologies allow us to create metrics to empirically investigate urban design principles of the past half-century. Philadelphia is an interesting case study for this work, with its rapid urban development and population increase in the last decade. We outl…
Assessing the effects of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes using cross-sectional data in Malawi
The study has found that maternal HIV infection had an adverse effect on birth weight and perinatal mortality in 2010. Birth weight was not dependent on ART uptake but perinatal mortality was higher among infants of HIV-infected mothers who were not on ART. The higher birth weight among HIV-infected mothers and similarity in perinatal mortality with HIV-uninfected mothers in 2015-16 may be indicative of successes of interventions within the PMTCT…
Estimating Unhealthy Food Effects on Childhood Overweight in Malawi Using an Observational Study
A Note on Posttreatment Selection in Studying Racial Discrimination in Policing
We discuss some causal estimands that are used to study racial discrimination in policing. A central challenge is that not all police–civilian encounters are recorded in administrative datasets and available to researchers. One possible solution is to consider the average causal effect of race conditional on the civilian already being detained by the police. We find that such an estimand can be quite different from the more familiar ones in causa…
Spatial Disadvantage and Racial Disparities in Gun Homicides
Examining a Hypothesized Causal Chain for the Effects of the 2007 Repeal of the Permit-to-Purchase Licensing Law in Missouri
What motivates participants
Gamification and financial incentives both increased physical activity in the BE ACTIVE study, but results may be improved by tailoring interventions based on participants' personal traits and level of social support to optimize motivation. (328 words) TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03911141 Registration date: 04/09/2019
Behavioral Interventions for Increasing Seat Belt Use and Decreasing Distracted Driving Using Telematics
Objectives. To test low-cost, scalable interventions designed to encourage seat belt use (primary outcome) and discourage handheld phone use while driving. Methods. A randomized controlled trial assigned 1139 consenting General Motors‒connected vehicle customers in the United States to 1 of 4 groups for a 10-week intervention: (1) control, (2) behavioral engagement, (3) behavioral engagement plus raffle, and (4) behavioral engagement plus shared …
Adolescent Sports Participation and Health in Early Adulthood
We study the impact of teenage sports participation on early-adulthood health using data from the National Study of Youth and Religion. We focus on two primary outcomes measured at ages 23 to 28 (self-rated health and PHQ9 Patient Depression Questionnaire score) and control for several demographic and socioeconomic confounders. To probe the possibility that certain types of sports participation may have larger effects on health than others, we co…
Medicine (14 obras) · Psychology (8 obras) · Environmental health (6 obras) · Internal Medicine (6 obras) · Sociology (6 obras) · Political science (5 obras) · Computer Science (4 obras) · Confounding (4 obras) · Demography (4 obras) · Economics (4 obras)