Zeynep Biringen
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 230698 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Zeynep Biringen |
| NOMBRES | Zeynep |
| APELLIDO | Biringen |
| FIRMA | BIRINGEN Z |
| AFILIACIONES | Colorado State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1702-3148 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 124 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1981 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Patterns of emotional availability, psychopathology, and sociodemographic risk factors among mothers with substance use disorders and their children
15.04) receiving residential intervention services. At the time of admission, sociodemographic risk factors and maternal psychopathology were assessed through, respectively, an ad-hoc interview and the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised. Mother-child interactions were rated during free-play using the Emotional Availability Scales. Cluster analysis was used to identify potentially different patterns of interactions. Four patterns were identified: "low-f…
Movement through motherhood
Emotional availability (EA) is a construct that describes the observed emotional connection in parent‐child relationships. During pregnancy, EA is assessed only using caregiver sensitivity and nonhostility. We used the nonverbal aspects of these qualities to create a new dance/movement intervention (“EA‐Based Dance Intervention”). Given the scarcity of pregnancy interventions, we provided training to participants on how to be emotionally engaged …
Observed Emotional Availability (EA) in the Early Months and Adolescence and Self-Reported EA at Any Age
Emotional availability (EA) is a relational construct that encompasses the ability of a dyad to share an emotionally connected, safe relationship. EA is operationalized by the multidimensional framework, which includes the observational EA Scales, the observational emotional attachment zones (EA-Z), as well as the EA Self-Report (EA-SR). The observational EA Scales measure the mutual interactive influences a child and parent may have on one anoth…
Mother–Child and Father–Child Emotional Availability during the Covid-19 Pandemic
While the body of literature on COVID-19's impacts on family life is rapidly expanding, most studies are based entirely on self-report data, leaving a critical gap in observational studies of parent-child interactions. The goal of this study was to evaluate parent-child relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic using the observational emotional availability (EA) construct. Parents ( n = 43) were assessed using the Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inven…
Emotional Availability
Emotional availability (EA) is the ability to share an emotional connection within a dyad. The observational EA System includes the EA Scales and the EA Zones. The EA Scales consist of four adult dimensions (sensitivity, structuring, nonintrusiveness, nonhostility) and two child dimensions (responsiveness, involvement). Based on the EA Scales, EA Zones refer to “emotional attachment styles” and are patterned after traditional attachment categorie…
The “EA brief”
The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which a brief parenting intervention provided the context for helping families to support positive mother–child interactions as well as more optimal mother and child outcomes. Participants in this study were middle income mothers and their children were between 0–3 years of age (N = 25 dyads). Participants were filmed via Skype during a 20‐minute mother–child free play and completed questionna…
Gender Differences in the Use of Parental Alienating Behaviors
Prevalence of adults who are the targets of parental alienating behaviors and their impact
Prevalence of parental alienation drawn from a representative poll
Emotional Attachment and Emotional Availability Tele-Intervention for Adoptive Families
This study evaluated the new online Emotional Attachment and Emotional Availability (EA2) Intervention for use with adoptive families in enhancing parent–child EA, parental perceptions of EA, child attachment behaviors, parent–child emotional attachment, and reducing parent-reported child behavioral problems and parenting-related stress. Participants in this study were adoptive parents and their adopted children ages 1.5 to 5 years old (N = 15 dy…
Emotional availability (EA)
Attachment Security in Three‐Year‐Olds who Entered Substitute Care in Infancy
This study assessed relations among number of out‐of‐home placement changes, time in caregivers’ care, caregiver type (i.e., foster parent, adoptive parent, kinship relation, and biological parent), child gender, and caregiver–child emotional availability (EA) as predictive of child attachment security when children were 3 years old in a sample of 104 caregivers and children. Children entered court‐ordered care by 6 months of age. On average, chi…
Emotional Availability During Mother–Child Interactions in Divorcing and Intact Married Families
Low-quality parent–child interactions have been associated with children's behavioral and emotional problems. Further, research has shown that divorce can be a stressful time for both parents and children, and might be linked with children's negative adjustment. The hypothesis of this study was that parent–child dyads will show lower quality interactions in divorcing versus intact families. Specifically, we posited lower mean scores on emotional …
Assessing Parental Alienation
Using characteristics of parental alienation syndrome (PAS) and related concepts as a conceptual guide, the authors created an assessment tool to measure young adults' perceptions of experiencing parental alienation during childhood. A sample of undergraduates (N = 227) completed the newly developed Relationship Distancing Questionnaire (RDQ) as well as the Mother–Father Peer Scale, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, and Children's Percepti…
Maternal representations and emotional availability among drug‐abusing and nonusing mothers and their infants
Both negative and idealized maternal prenatal representations may constitute a risk for mother–infant interaction. This study analyzed the role of maternal prenatal representations and pre‐ to postnatal representational change in predicting mother–infant emotional availability (EA) among 51 drug‐abusing mothers and their infants who participated in either psychodynamic group therapy (PGT) or received psychosocial support (PSS) and among 50 nonusi…
Families Experiencing Divorce
This study examined the qualities that contribute to postdivorce child attachment in a sample of 24 divorcing mothers and their children, ages 12 to 73 months, in the context of shared parenting time arrangements. Child attachment was assessed using Waters's Attachment Q-Set (AQS). Qualities such as age at onset of overnight stays, interparental conflict and communication, and emotional availability were examined for their importance in attachmen…
Emotional Availability, Parental Self-Efficacy Beliefs, and Child Development in Caregiver-Child Relationships with Buprenorphine-Exposed 3-year-olds
SYNOPSIS Objective . The purpose was to compare emotional availability, maternal self-efficacy beliefs, and child developmental status in caregiver–child relationships with prenatally buprenorphine-exposed and nonexposed 3-year-old children. Design. We compared prenatally buprenorphine-exposed children living either with the biological mother (n = 7) or in foster care (n = 14) to nonexposed participants (n = 13). Emotional availability was coded …
Introduction to the Special Issue
The construct of emotional availability has been referred to as the “connective tissue” in parent–child relationships, highlighting its role in affective exchanges throughout childhood (Easterbrook
A Multimethod Perspective on Emotional Availability in the Postpartum Period
SYNOPSIS Objective . This study investigates observed and self-reported emotional availability in clinically depressed and nondepressed mother–infant pairs. Design. Observations of mother–infant interaction were made during 30-min free-play interaction during the first year of life in clinically postpartum depressed (n = 49) and nondepressed mothers (n = 35) in Flanders (Belgium). Results . Postpartum depressed mothers had significantly lower sco…
Significant Family Dynamics Related to Postdivorce Adjustment in Parents and Children
This study concentrates on the postdivorce adjustment of parents and children in families with shared parenting time arrangements. Thirty divorcing parents with children aged 12 to 59 months old were interviewed using a semistructured telephone interview regarding their early experiences in the divorce process. Findings showed that work–family balance issues were related to postdivorce parental adjustment for mothers. Interparental hostility was …
Emotional availability in a sample of mothers with a history of abuse
Maternal history of abuse has been proposed as a risk factor for child maltreatment, but the background of this "cycle of abuse" is as yet poorly understood. As a contribution toward a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, this study analyzed whether emotional availability is altered by maternal experiences of physical or sexual abuse during their upbringing. Mothers were contacted by mail and presented with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.…
Perceived Parent-Child Alienation
Parental alienation refers to a parent's attempts to distance a child from the child's other parent. We examined (1) the effects of “feeling alienation” upon college students' recollections of their childhood relationships, (2) the effects of “feeling alienation” on perceptions of adult parent-child relationships, and (3) the likelihood of alienation in intact and divorced families. A sample of undergraduates (N = 227) completed the Relationship …
Training and reliability issues with the Emotional Availability Scales
Emotional availability
Two studies are used to illustrate the importance of context and length of time in the use of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS) to predict aspects of child development. The purpose of the first study was to examine whether prediction of attachment by the EAS is better with increasing amounts of time. We scored emotional availability (EA) every 15 min for a total of 2 hr, with correlations showing an increasingly stronger relation with attac…
The Emotional Availability Scales
Fluctuations of sex-related self-attributions as a function of stage of family life cycle
A Multimethod Perspective on Emotional Availability in the Postpartum Period
SYNOPSIS Objective . This study investigates observed and self-reported emotional availability in clinically depressed and nondepressed mother–infant pairs. Design. Observations of mother–infant interaction were made during 30-min free-play interaction during the first year of life in clinically postpartum depressed (n = 49) and nondepressed mothers (n = 35) in Flanders (Belgium). Results . Postpartum depressed mothers had significantly lower sco…
Emotional availability
Two studies are used to illustrate the importance of context and length of time in the use of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS) to predict aspects of child development. The purpose of the first study was to examine whether prediction of attachment by the EAS is better with increasing amounts of time. We scored emotional availability (EA) every 15 min for a total of 2 hr, with correlations showing an increasingly stronger relation with attac…
Maternal representations and emotional availability among drug‐abusing and nonusing mothers and their infants
Both negative and idealized maternal prenatal representations may constitute a risk for mother–infant interaction. This study analyzed the role of maternal prenatal representations and pre‐ to postnatal representational change in predicting mother–infant emotional availability (EA) among 51 drug‐abusing mothers and their infants who participated in either psychodynamic group therapy (PGT) or received psychosocial support (PSS) and among 50 nonusi…
Direct observation of maternal sensitivity and dyadic interactions in the home
Training and reliability issues with the Emotional Availability Scales
Emotional availability in infant psychiatry
In a child psychiatric population, 68 mother–child pairs were observed, with children ranging in age from 6 weeks to 3 years 10 months. The children were diagnosed using the Zero to Three DC 0–3 guidelines (Zero‐to‐Three, 1998). Each dyad also was rated in terms of the intensity of recommended therapeutic measures upon intake at our clinic. Following videotaping of parent–child interactions, the dyads were rated for emotional availability using t…
Prevalence of parental alienation drawn from a representative poll
Emotional Availability, Parental Self-Efficacy Beliefs, and Child Development in Caregiver-Child Relationships with Buprenorphine-Exposed 3-year-olds
SYNOPSIS Objective . The purpose was to compare emotional availability, maternal self-efficacy beliefs, and child developmental status in caregiver–child relationships with prenatally buprenorphine-exposed and nonexposed 3-year-old children. Design. We compared prenatally buprenorphine-exposed children living either with the biological mother (n = 7) or in foster care (n = 14) to nonexposed participants (n = 13). Emotional availability was coded …
The Emotional Availability Scales
Introduction to the Special Issue
The construct of emotional availability has been referred to as the “connective tissue” in parent–child relationships, highlighting its role in affective exchanges throughout childhood (Easterbrook
Applying the Emotional Availability Scales to children with disabilities
In this article, we describe issues regarding emotional availability and its application to children with disabilities. We then apply this approach to the scoring of emotional availability for caregiver–child interactions of children with disabilities, with information based on children with genetic mental retardation syndromes, children with autism, and children with hearing impairments
Prevalence of adults who are the targets of parental alienating behaviors and their impact
Emotional Attachment and Emotional Availability Tele-Intervention for Adoptive Families
This study evaluated the new online Emotional Attachment and Emotional Availability (EA2) Intervention for use with adoptive families in enhancing parent–child EA, parental perceptions of EA, child attachment behaviors, parent–child emotional attachment, and reducing parent-reported child behavioral problems and parenting-related stress. Participants in this study were adoptive parents and their adopted children ages 1.5 to 5 years old (N = 15 dy…
Movement through motherhood
Emotional availability (EA) is a construct that describes the observed emotional connection in parent‐child relationships. During pregnancy, EA is assessed only using caregiver sensitivity and nonhostility. We used the nonverbal aspects of these qualities to create a new dance/movement intervention (“EA‐Based Dance Intervention”). Given the scarcity of pregnancy interventions, we provided training to participants on how to be emotionally engaged …
Gender Differences in the Use of Parental Alienating Behaviors
Attachment Security in Three‐Year‐Olds who Entered Substitute Care in Infancy
This study assessed relations among number of out‐of‐home placement changes, time in caregivers’ care, caregiver type (i.e., foster parent, adoptive parent, kinship relation, and biological parent), child gender, and caregiver–child emotional availability (EA) as predictive of child attachment security when children were 3 years old in a sample of 104 caregivers and children. Children entered court‐ordered care by 6 months of age. On average, chi…
The “EA brief”
The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which a brief parenting intervention provided the context for helping families to support positive mother–child interactions as well as more optimal mother and child outcomes. Participants in this study were middle income mothers and their children were between 0–3 years of age (N = 25 dyads). Participants were filmed via Skype during a 20‐minute mother–child free play and completed questionna…
Fluctuations of sex-related self-attributions as a function of stage of family life cycle
Attachment
In the course of daily transactions, caregivers and children construct internal working models of self and other in the attachment relationship (Bowlby, 1969). The function of such working models is to guide an individual's own behavior toward the attachment partner and to interpret and forecast the partner's behavior. So far, however, research on internal working models has largely focused on attachment from the filial rather than the parental p…
Direct observation of maternal sensitivity and dyadic interactions in the home
Emotional availability in mother-child interactions
The literature on an earlier view of emotional availability as a maternal construct and on the related concepts of psychological unavailability, depression, sensitivity, and control is reviewed. A reconceptualization of emotional availability as a relational construct, incorporating maternal sensitivity and nonintrusiveness and child responsiveness and involvement of the mother, is presented. Several research issues are proposed for further explo…
Maternal sensitivity in the second year
In an investigation of gender-based differences in autonomy and relatedness in the mother-toddler dyad, gender-specific stylistic differences were found in mothers' sensitivity toward their toddlers. In the context of greater sensitivity, boys appeared to control the flow of interactions (initiation and maintenance) to a greater extent than did girls
Attachment theory and research
Although Bowlby's attachment theory has had a profound effect on research in developmental psychology, its application to clinical practice has barely been explored. The theory and its origins are outlined, and attachment-theory concepts that may have clinical applicability are explored, with particular attention to the construct of internal working models. In addition, psychotherapeutic approaches using attachment-theory concepts are summarized
Dyssynchrony, conflict, and resolution
While most psychological research has emphasized the importance of conflict-free mother-infant interactions, a review of recent research suggests that dyssynchrony, conflict, and their successful resolution are also integral to normative mother-infant interactions and optimal infant outcomes. Theory and research incorporating these concepts are described, areas for research suggested, and clinical applications noted
Families Making Sense of Death
Families Making Sense of Death. Janice Winchester Nadeau. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 1998. 289 pp. ISBN 0-7619-0265-1. $25.95 paper. Families Making Sense of Death is a moving account of how 10 families are making meaning of the death of a loved one. In fact, the focus of the book is specifically on meaning making and how families, rather than individuals, bring about this collective thinking after the death of a member. Studying meaning making aft…
Emotional availability
The emotional availability construct (based on observations of parent-child interactions) was first reconceptualized for research in 1991 as a way to describe the quality of parent-child interactions. Since then, there has been considerable refinement of the construct. EA refers to several parental dimensions (sensitivity, structuring, non-intrusiveness, non-hostility) and two child dimensions (responsiveness to parent and involvement of parent).…
Parents as Sexuality Educators
Increasing evidence indicates that children and adolescents ho are informed and educated about issues of sexuality are more likely to be sexually responsible and less likely to put themselves in sexually risky situations. Parents can play a pivotal role in imparting accurate information and values to their children in a developmentally appropriate manner. Such communication can greatly improve their child's potential for making healthy decisions …
Training and reliability issues with the Emotional Availability Scales
Emotional availability
Two studies are used to illustrate the importance of context and length of time in the use of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS) to predict aspects of child development. The purpose of the first study was to examine whether prediction of attachment by the EAS is better with increasing amounts of time. We scored emotional availability (EA) every 15 min for a total of 2 hr, with correlations showing an increasingly stronger relation with attac…
The Emotional Availability Scales
Emotional availability in infant psychiatry
In a child psychiatric population, 68 mother–child pairs were observed, with children ranging in age from 6 weeks to 3 years 10 months. The children were diagnosed using the Zero to Three DC 0–3 guidelines (Zero‐to‐Three, 1998). Each dyad also was rated in terms of the intensity of recommended therapeutic measures upon intake at our clinic. Following videotaping of parent–child interactions, the dyads were rated for emotional availability using t…
Applying the Emotional Availability Scales to children with disabilities
In this article, we describe issues regarding emotional availability and its application to children with disabilities. We then apply this approach to the scoring of emotional availability for caregiver–child interactions of children with disabilities, with information based on children with genetic mental retardation syndromes, children with autism, and children with hearing impairments
Perceived Parent-Child Alienation
Parental alienation refers to a parent's attempts to distance a child from the child's other parent. We examined (1) the effects of “feeling alienation” upon college students' recollections of their childhood relationships, (2) the effects of “feeling alienation” on perceptions of adult parent-child relationships, and (3) the likelihood of alienation in intact and divorced families. A sample of undergraduates (N = 227) completed the Relationship …
Emotional availability in a sample of mothers with a history of abuse
Maternal history of abuse has been proposed as a risk factor for child maltreatment, but the background of this "cycle of abuse" is as yet poorly understood. As a contribution toward a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, this study analyzed whether emotional availability is altered by maternal experiences of physical or sexual abuse during their upbringing. Mothers were contacted by mail and presented with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.…
Significant Family Dynamics Related to Postdivorce Adjustment in Parents and Children
This study concentrates on the postdivorce adjustment of parents and children in families with shared parenting time arrangements. Thirty divorcing parents with children aged 12 to 59 months old were interviewed using a semistructured telephone interview regarding their early experiences in the divorce process. Findings showed that work–family balance issues were related to postdivorce parental adjustment for mothers. Interparental hostility was …
Emotional Availability, Parental Self-Efficacy Beliefs, and Child Development in Caregiver-Child Relationships with Buprenorphine-Exposed 3-year-olds
SYNOPSIS Objective . The purpose was to compare emotional availability, maternal self-efficacy beliefs, and child developmental status in caregiver–child relationships with prenatally buprenorphine-exposed and nonexposed 3-year-old children. Design. We compared prenatally buprenorphine-exposed children living either with the biological mother (n = 7) or in foster care (n = 14) to nonexposed participants (n = 13). Emotional availability was coded …
Introduction to the Special Issue
The construct of emotional availability has been referred to as the “connective tissue” in parent–child relationships, highlighting its role in affective exchanges throughout childhood (Easterbrook
A Multimethod Perspective on Emotional Availability in the Postpartum Period
SYNOPSIS Objective . This study investigates observed and self-reported emotional availability in clinically depressed and nondepressed mother–infant pairs. Design. Observations of mother–infant interaction were made during 30-min free-play interaction during the first year of life in clinically postpartum depressed (n = 49) and nondepressed mothers (n = 35) in Flanders (Belgium). Results . Postpartum depressed mothers had significantly lower sco…
Families Experiencing Divorce
This study examined the qualities that contribute to postdivorce child attachment in a sample of 24 divorcing mothers and their children, ages 12 to 73 months, in the context of shared parenting time arrangements. Child attachment was assessed using Waters's Attachment Q-Set (AQS). Qualities such as age at onset of overnight stays, interparental conflict and communication, and emotional availability were examined for their importance in attachmen…
Emotional Availability During Mother–Child Interactions in Divorcing and Intact Married Families
Low-quality parent–child interactions have been associated with children's behavioral and emotional problems. Further, research has shown that divorce can be a stressful time for both parents and children, and might be linked with children's negative adjustment. The hypothesis of this study was that parent–child dyads will show lower quality interactions in divorcing versus intact families. Specifically, we posited lower mean scores on emotional …
Assessing Parental Alienation
Using characteristics of parental alienation syndrome (PAS) and related concepts as a conceptual guide, the authors created an assessment tool to measure young adults' perceptions of experiencing parental alienation during childhood. A sample of undergraduates (N = 227) completed the newly developed Relationship Distancing Questionnaire (RDQ) as well as the Mother–Father Peer Scale, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, and Children's Percepti…
Maternal representations and emotional availability among drug‐abusing and nonusing mothers and their infants
Both negative and idealized maternal prenatal representations may constitute a risk for mother–infant interaction. This study analyzed the role of maternal prenatal representations and pre‐ to postnatal representational change in predicting mother–infant emotional availability (EA) among 51 drug‐abusing mothers and their infants who participated in either psychodynamic group therapy (PGT) or received psychosocial support (PSS) and among 50 nonusi…
Psychology (37 obras) · Developmental psychology (30 obras) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (21 obras) · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics (19 obras) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (15 obras) · Social Psychology (14 obras) · Clinical Psychology (13 obras) · Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum (13 obras) · Medicine (11 obras) · Psychiatry (11 obras)