Ulrich Von Hecker
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 235073 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Ulrich Von Hecker |
| NOMBRES | Ulrich |
| APELLIDO | Von Hecker |
| FIRMA | VON HECKER U |
| AFILIACIONES | Cardiff University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8873-0515 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 10 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 20 |
| OBRAS COMO AUTOR | 10 |
| OBRAS COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1993 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Self-generated cognitive fluency
People can support abstract reasoning by using mental models with spatial simulations. Such models are employed when people represent elements in terms of ordered dimensions (e.g. who is oldest, Tom, Dick, or Harry). We test and find that the process of forming and using such mental models can influence the liking of its elements (e.g. Tom, Dick, or Harry). The presumed internal structure of such models (linear-transitive array of elements), gene…
The role of semantic self-perceptions in temporal distance perceptions toward autobiographical events
Why do some autobiographical events feel as if they happened yesterday, whereas others feel like ancient history? Such temporal distance perceptions have surprisingly little to do with actual calendar time distance. Instead, psychologists have found that people typically perceive positive autobiographical events as overly recent, while perceiving negative events as overly distant. The origins of this temporal distance bias have been sought in sel…
Individual differences in prejudice and associative versus rule-based forms of transitive reasoning
Two experiments examined whether individual differences in prejudice are associated with different reasoning styles when targets and nontargets of prejudice are processed in the same context. High-prejudice and low-prejudice participants studied pairwise relations between four persons (one a prejudice target, three nontargets). Stereotypes were made salient by using specific ethnic names and stereotypic traits to define relations between the targ…
Using Diagnostic Text Information to Constrain Situation Models
During reading, the model of the situation described by the text is continuously accommodated to new text input. The hypothesis was tested that readers are particularly sensitive to diagnostic text information that can be used to constrain their existing situation model. In 3 experiments, adult participants read narratives about social situations that were ambiguous in terms of whether they involved 2 or 3 social cliques. Diagnostic text informat…
Inclusion-exclusion of positive and negative past selves
The current research challenges the widespread truism that recalling a positive self necessarily increases self-esteem, whereas recalling a negative self necessarily decreases self-esteem. Four experiments demonstrate that chronically happy people show a relative increase in self-esteem by recalling either a positive or a negative self. Chronically sad people, however, show a relative decrease in self-esteem by recalling either a positive or a ne…
Three Principles of Explanation
Two studies demonstrated that explanations of interpersonal events are governed by the principles of implicit verb causality and balance. In addition, the data indicate that subjectively imbalanced interpersonal events (e.g., John admires Jack because he is so arrogant) elicit processes designed to achieve imbalance repair. In contrast to previous studies, we analyzed subjective (rather than objective) balance and imbalance as well as the cogniti…
Defocused Attention in Depressed Mood
The authors suggest that depressed mood is associated with a defocused mode of attention, allowing irrelevant information to be noticed and processed more than in nondepressed states. Working on a source monitoring task, subclinically depressed college students selected with the Beck Depression Inventory (A. T. Beck, 1967; D. Kammer, 1983) had better memory for irrelevant stimulus aspects than nondepressed control students. However, depressed stu…
Uncontrollability, depression, and the construction of mental models
Three studies examined mental model generation after preexposure to uncontrollability and in a depressive state. The purpose of the experiments was to test the implications of the cognitive exhaustion model, applying an explicit conceptualization of social mental models and a process-tracing method developed by U. von Hecker (1997). An experimental situation was created for observation of consecutive, rule-based construction steps as a function o…
How Do Logical Inference Rules Help Construct Social Mental Models
On Memory Effects of Heiderian Balance
Inclusion-exclusion of positive and negative past selves
The current research challenges the widespread truism that recalling a positive self necessarily increases self-esteem, whereas recalling a negative self necessarily decreases self-esteem. Four experiments demonstrate that chronically happy people show a relative increase in self-esteem by recalling either a positive or a negative self. Chronically sad people, however, show a relative decrease in self-esteem by recalling either a positive or a ne…
On Memory Effects of Heiderian Balance
Uncontrollability, depression, and the construction of mental models
Three studies examined mental model generation after preexposure to uncontrollability and in a depressive state. The purpose of the experiments was to test the implications of the cognitive exhaustion model, applying an explicit conceptualization of social mental models and a process-tracing method developed by U. von Hecker (1997). An experimental situation was created for observation of consecutive, rule-based construction steps as a function o…
How Do Logical Inference Rules Help Construct Social Mental Models
Three Principles of Explanation
Two studies demonstrated that explanations of interpersonal events are governed by the principles of implicit verb causality and balance. In addition, the data indicate that subjectively imbalanced interpersonal events (e.g., John admires Jack because he is so arrogant) elicit processes designed to achieve imbalance repair. In contrast to previous studies, we analyzed subjective (rather than objective) balance and imbalance as well as the cogniti…
Individual differences in prejudice and associative versus rule-based forms of transitive reasoning
Two experiments examined whether individual differences in prejudice are associated with different reasoning styles when targets and nontargets of prejudice are processed in the same context. High-prejudice and low-prejudice participants studied pairwise relations between four persons (one a prejudice target, three nontargets). Stereotypes were made salient by using specific ethnic names and stereotypic traits to define relations between the targ…
On Memory Effects of Heiderian Balance
How Do Logical Inference Rules Help Construct Social Mental Models
Uncontrollability, depression, and the construction of mental models
Three studies examined mental model generation after preexposure to uncontrollability and in a depressive state. The purpose of the experiments was to test the implications of the cognitive exhaustion model, applying an explicit conceptualization of social mental models and a process-tracing method developed by U. von Hecker (1997). An experimental situation was created for observation of consecutive, rule-based construction steps as a function o…
Defocused Attention in Depressed Mood
The authors suggest that depressed mood is associated with a defocused mode of attention, allowing irrelevant information to be noticed and processed more than in nondepressed states. Working on a source monitoring task, subclinically depressed college students selected with the Beck Depression Inventory (A. T. Beck, 1967; D. Kammer, 1983) had better memory for irrelevant stimulus aspects than nondepressed control students. However, depressed stu…
Three Principles of Explanation
Two studies demonstrated that explanations of interpersonal events are governed by the principles of implicit verb causality and balance. In addition, the data indicate that subjectively imbalanced interpersonal events (e.g., John admires Jack because he is so arrogant) elicit processes designed to achieve imbalance repair. In contrast to previous studies, we analyzed subjective (rather than objective) balance and imbalance as well as the cogniti…
Inclusion-exclusion of positive and negative past selves
The current research challenges the widespread truism that recalling a positive self necessarily increases self-esteem, whereas recalling a negative self necessarily decreases self-esteem. Four experiments demonstrate that chronically happy people show a relative increase in self-esteem by recalling either a positive or a negative self. Chronically sad people, however, show a relative decrease in self-esteem by recalling either a positive or a ne…
Using Diagnostic Text Information to Constrain Situation Models
During reading, the model of the situation described by the text is continuously accommodated to new text input. The hypothesis was tested that readers are particularly sensitive to diagnostic text information that can be used to constrain their existing situation model. In 3 experiments, adult participants read narratives about social situations that were ambiguous in terms of whether they involved 2 or 3 social cliques. Diagnostic text informat…
Individual differences in prejudice and associative versus rule-based forms of transitive reasoning
Two experiments examined whether individual differences in prejudice are associated with different reasoning styles when targets and nontargets of prejudice are processed in the same context. High-prejudice and low-prejudice participants studied pairwise relations between four persons (one a prejudice target, three nontargets). Stereotypes were made salient by using specific ethnic names and stereotypic traits to define relations between the targ…
The role of semantic self-perceptions in temporal distance perceptions toward autobiographical events
Why do some autobiographical events feel as if they happened yesterday, whereas others feel like ancient history? Such temporal distance perceptions have surprisingly little to do with actual calendar time distance. Instead, psychologists have found that people typically perceive positive autobiographical events as overly recent, while perceiving negative events as overly distant. The origins of this temporal distance bias have been sought in sel…
Self-generated cognitive fluency
People can support abstract reasoning by using mental models with spatial simulations. Such models are employed when people represent elements in terms of ordered dimensions (e.g. who is oldest, Tom, Dick, or Harry). We test and find that the process of forming and using such mental models can influence the liking of its elements (e.g. Tom, Dick, or Harry). The presumed internal structure of such models (linear-transitive array of elements), gene…
Psychology (10 obras) · Cognitive psychology (9 obras) · Social Psychology (8 obras) · Cognition (6 obras) · Computer Science (6 obras) · Social Psychology (5 obras) · Developmental psychology (4 obras) · Artificial Intelligence (3 obras) · Mood (3 obras) · Perception (3 obras)