Gregory R Hancock
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 237990 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Gregory R Hancock |
| NOMBRES | Gregory R |
| APELLIDO | Hancock |
| FIRMA | HANCOCK G R |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Maryland, College Park |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6313-006X |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 62 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 73 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 60 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1992 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
What if we want to test for similarities between groups, rather than differences? Equivalence testing techniques for corpus linguistics
Tests in the null hypothesis significance testing (nhst) framework are designed to identify differences between groups. Thus, researchers wishing to assess similarities are out of luck if they use widespread techniques in the field, such as t-tests, chi-square tests and linear regression. This is unfortunate given that researchers with many common study designs would benefit from knowing whether there is no difference – or at least no practical d…
Reading anxiety and reading achievement
Detecting Transition Points in the Slope-Intercept Relation in Linear Latent Growth Models
In a linear latent growth model parameterized by intercept (α) and slope (β) factors, those factors' relation is often of interest. The model typically captures this through their covariance parameter, which inherently assumes linearity in their relation. However, this assumption may not always hold. For instance, α and β might be unrelated below a certain threshold along the α-axis but show a meaningful relation above it. That is, even though in…
Detecting a Transition Point in the Slope-Intercept Relation in Linear Latent Growth Models
In linear latent growth model (LGMs; Bollen & Curran, 2006; Meredith & Tisak, 1990), the relation between the intercept (α) and slope (β) factors is often of keen interest. A negative α-β relation
Dimensions of Text Complexity in the Spoken and Written Modes
In many studies, grammatical complexity has been treated as a single unified construct. However, other research contradicts that view, suggesting instead that the different structural types and syntactic functions of complexity features are distributed in texts in fundamentally different ways. These patterns have been documented in general corpora that include a wide range of spoken and written registers. One question that has not been fully addr…
Mediators that matter
Persistent inequities in the educational success of Black adolescents are a critical social justice concern. Though psychological distress has been associated with worse educational outcomes, less is known about the mechanisms that may influence this association. This study used nationally representative cross-sectional data from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent (NSAL-A; 2001-2004) to explore how developmental assets (i.e., self-es…
Place value learning in kindergarten
Building on previous findings that preschool children develop an awareness of base-ten structure from informal exposure to multidigit numbers, we tested whether kindergarten children would benefit from formal place value instruction, using this informal foundation as a starting point. A total of 124 U.S. kindergarten students participated in a school-based study that used a pretest-training-posttest design. One group of students completed 20 brie…
Comparing RMSEA-Based Indices for Assessing Measurement Invariance in Confirmatory Factor Models
Fit indices are descriptive measures that can help evaluate how well a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model fits a researcher’s data. In multigroup models, before between-group comparisons are made, fit indices may be used to evaluate measurement invariance by assessing the degree to which multiple groups’ data are consistent with increasingly constrained nested models. One such fit index is an adaptation of the root mean square error of appr…
“My Blood, You Know, My Biology Being out There…”
The widespread and persistent underrepresentation of groups experiencing health disparities in research involving biospecimens is a barrier to scientific knowledge and advances in health equity. To ensure that all groups have the opportunity to participate in research and feel welcome and safe doing so, we must understand how research studies may be shaped to promote inclusion. In this study, we explored the decision to participate in hypothetica…
Latent change modeling of Latino p arent–child conflict and pathways to mental health
Objective This secondary analysis of longitudinal data on Latino immigrant parents applied latent change modeling to investigate the association between within‐family change in parent–child conflict and within‐individual change in parent's psychological distress, and how within‐individual change in parenting stress mediates that association over time. Background Immigrant parents face additional challenges when parenting their children. There is …
Discussions on the past, present, and future of quantitative research ethics in applied linguistics
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the 'Save PDF' action button
Developmental changes in episodic memory across early- to mid-childhood
Episodic memory is a cornerstone ability that allows one to recall past events and the spatiotemporal context in which they occur. In an effort to characterise the development of this critical ability, many different tasks have been used independently to assess age-related variations in episodic memory. However, performance on memory tasks is multiply determined, and the extent to which different tasks with varying features relate to each other a…
The development of place value concepts
Place value concepts were measured longitudinally from kindergarten (2017) to first grade (2018) in a diverse sample (n = 279; Mage = 5.76 years, SD = 0.55; 135 females; 41% Black, 38% White, 8% Asian, 12% Latino). Children completed three syntactic tasks that required an explicit understanding of base-10 symbols and three approximate tasks that could be completed without this explicit understanding. Approximate performance was significantly bett…
Tools for Visualizing Data-Model Misfit and Model Modifications in Structural Equation Modeling
"Tools for Visualizing Data-Model Misfit and Model Modifications in Structural Equation Modeling." Multivariate Behavioral Research, 57(1), pp. 157–158
Oh No! They Cut My Funding! Using “Post Hoc” Planned Missing Data Designs to Salvage Longitudinal Research
Having one’s funding cut in the course of conducting a longitudinal study has become an increasingly real challenge faced by developmental researchers. The main purpose of the current work is to propose “post hoc” planned missing (PHPM) data designs as a promising solution in such difficult situations. This study discusses general guidelines that can be followed to search for viable PHPM designs within a given budget restriction. Illustrative exa…
Reading Achievement of Deaf Students
Historically it has been reported that deaf students do not achieve age-appropriate outcomes in reading, with this performance often being characterized in terms of a fourth grade ceiling. However, given the shifts in the field during the past 20 years (e.g., widespread implementation of newborn hearing screening, advances in hearing technologies), it would be timely to question whether this continues to serve as a meaningful benchmark. To this e…
Beyond the Simple View of Reading
The simple view of reading describes reading as the product of decoding (D) and listening comprehension (LC). However, the simple view of reading has been challenged, and evidence has proved it to be too simple to explain the complexities of reading comprehension in the elementary school years. Hypotheses have been advanced that there are cognitive‐linguistic factors that underlie the common variance between D and LC, which are malleable, althoug…
The mental health implications of Covid-19 for adolescents
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic due to the global outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While scientists have moved quickly to study the physical health implications of the disease, less attention has been paid to the negative mental health repercussions. The current study utilized a community sample of adolescents who had recently completed a 2-year, four wave study of adolescent mental h…
An Analytical Framework for Research Questions With Variability as the Outcome or Predictor
"An Analytical Framework for Research Questions With Variability as the Outcome or Predictor." Multivariate Behavioral Research, 55(1), pp. 144–145
The Infectious Disease Threat (IDT) Appraisal Model
Grounded in the multidisciplinary field of strategic risk and health communication, this study proposed and tested a new infectious disease threat (IDT) appraisal model, focused on mapping individuals’ coping strategy preferences as predicted by their perceived predictability and controllability of the disease. A 2 (predictability: high vs. low) × 2 (controllability: high vs. low) within-subjects online experimental design (N = 1,032 U.S. adults)…
Measuring vaccine hesitancy, confidence, trust and flu vaccine uptake
Latent Growth Models with Floors, Ceilings, and Random Knots
In longitudinal/developmental studies, individual growth trajectories are sometimes bounded by a floor at the beginning of the observation period and/or a ceiling toward the end of the observation period (or vice versa), resulting in inherently nonlinear growth patterns. If the trajectories between the floor and ceiling are approximately linear, such longitudinal growth patterns can be described with a linear piecewise (spline) model in which seg…
The Thorny Relation Between Measurement Quality and Fit Index Cutoffs in Latent Variable Models
Latent variable modeling is a popular and flexible statistical framework. Concomitant with fitting latent variable models is assessment of how well the theoretical model fits the observed data. Although firm cutoffs for these fit indexes are often cited, recent statistical proofs and simulations have shown that these fit indexes are highly susceptible to measurement quality. For instance, a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) value of…
The Reviewer’s Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences
The Reviewer’s Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences is designed for evaluators of research manuscripts and proposals in the social and behavioral sciences, and beyond. Its thirty-one uniquely structured chapters cover both traditional and emerging methods of quantitative data analysis, which neither junior nor veteran reviewers can be expected to know in detail. The book updates readers on each technique’s key principles, appropri…
Breaking down the monolith
Black adults are significantly less likely to be immunized for seasonal influenza when compared to Whites. This persistent disparity contributes to increased influenza-related morbidity and mortality in the African American population. Most scholarship on vaccine disparities has compared Whites and Blacks. Employing Public Health Critical Race Praxis, this study seeks to shift the focus to explore differences within the Black population. Utilizin…
Determinants of trust in the flu vaccine for African Americans and Whites
The mental health implications of Covid-19 for adolescents
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic due to the global outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While scientists have moved quickly to study the physical health implications of the disease, less attention has been paid to the negative mental health repercussions. The current study utilized a community sample of adolescents who had recently completed a 2-year, four wave study of adolescent mental h…
Structural Equation Modeling Methods of Hypothesis Testing of Latent Variable Means
This article serves as a conceptual introduction to two methods of testing group differences on a latent variable: group code analysis and structured means analysis
Structural Equation Modeling
Although classical statistical techniques have been a valuable tool in second language (L2) research, L2 research questions have started to grow beyond those techniques' capabilities, and indeed are often limited by them. Questions about how complex constructs relate to each other or to constituent subskills, about longitudinal development in those constructs and factors affecting that development, and about differences among populations in avera…
Beyond the Simple View of Reading
The simple view of reading describes reading as the product of decoding (D) and listening comprehension (LC). However, the simple view of reading has been challenged, and evidence has proved it to be too simple to explain the complexities of reading comprehension in the elementary school years. Hypotheses have been advanced that there are cognitive‐linguistic factors that underlie the common variance between D and LC, which are malleable, althoug…
The Infectious Disease Threat (IDT) Appraisal Model
Grounded in the multidisciplinary field of strategic risk and health communication, this study proposed and tested a new infectious disease threat (IDT) appraisal model, focused on mapping individuals’ coping strategy preferences as predicted by their perceived predictability and controllability of the disease. A 2 (predictability: high vs. low) × 2 (controllability: high vs. low) within-subjects online experimental design (N = 1,032 U.S. adults)…
Discussions on the past, present, and future of quantitative research ethics in applied linguistics
An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the 'Save PDF' action button
Assessing Change Over Time Using Latent Growth Modeling
This article provides an introduction to latent growth modeling, a branch of structural equation modeling that facilitates the evaluation of longitudinal change
Power of unweighted and weighted versions of simultaneous and sequential multiple-comparison procedures
Power of recent multiple comparison procedures as applied to a complete set of planned orthogonal contrasts
Four recent multiple comparison strategies (Hochberg, 1988; Holm, 1979; Hommel, 1988; and Shaffer, 1986), as well as a stagewise protected procedure proposed herein, were compared as tests of significance for a complete set of planned orthogonal contrasts. The Holm, Shaffer, and stage-wise protected procedures were further modified using an adjustment suggested by Holland and Copenhaver (1987, 1988)
Power of recent multiple comparison procedures as applied to a complete set of planned orthogonal contrasts
Reliability of Comparably Wriften Two-Option Multiple-Choice and True-False Test Items
This study compares two-option multiple-choice vocabulary test items with comparably written true-false test items. Results indicate that the multiple-choice format provides a significantly more reliable measure than the true-false format. Results further indicate that the true and false items do not appear to be measuring the same abilities. Potential strategies are discussed that an examinee may use for solving two-option multiple-choice and tr…
Manipulations of Evaluative Rating Scales to Increase Validity
Standard five-point rating scales often do not allow raters to capture perceived differences between objects or individuals within a relatively narrow band of the evaluative dimension. In the frequency domain, using a longer rating scale or packing the rating scale with labels from a particular portion of the dimension of interest have both been shown by Hancock and Klockars in 1991 to increase rating validity for differentiating among a narrow r…
Per-Experiment Error Rates
For a number of common multiple comparison procedures controlling Type I error at .05 refers to what Ryan called the experimentwise error rate. This expression represents the chance of making at least one Type I error within a given experiment. This approach ignores, however, the potential detriments of multiple errors within a single experiment, that is, it fails to acknowledge what Ryan referred to as the error rate per experiment. The current …
Power of unweighted and weighted versions of simultaneous and sequential multiple-comparison procedures
Power of unweighted and weighted versions of simultaneous and sequential multiple-comparison procedures
Use of Instructional Feedback and Modification Methods among University Faculty
This study focused on methods used by faculty to gather feedback and how this feedback was used to modify instruction. Data were gathered to determine the degree to which these methods of feedback and modification of instruction were dependent upon variables such as class size, teaching experience, pedagogical training, academic rank and status, gender and academic discipline. It was found that the amount of feedback and modification of instructi…
Correlationvalidity Coefficients Disattenuated for Score Reliability
The purpose of the current article is to offer methods for conducting hypothesis testing associated with disattenuated validity coefficients that overcome potential limitations of some previously suggested approaches. Through casting classical test theory's notion of reliability in the form of structural path models, such hypothesis testing may be accomplished in a fairly straightforward manner using hierarchically related structural equation mod…
Structural Equation Modeling Methods of Hypothesis Testing of Latent Variable Means
This article serves as a conceptual introduction to two methods of testing group differences on a latent variable: group code analysis and structured means analysis
Assessing Change Over Time Using Latent Growth Modeling
This article provides an introduction to latent growth modeling, a branch of structural equation modeling that facilitates the evaluation of longitudinal change
Conditions Affecting Integrity of a Factor Solution under Varying Degrees of Overextraction
Simulated data were employed to test the integrity of orthogonal factor solutions when varying sample size, factor pattern/structure coefficient magnitude, method of extraction (principal component vs. common factor), number of variables, number of factors, and degree of overextraction. Factor solutions’ integrity was operationalized by comparing sample factor/component patterns to known population factor patterns, from which measures of nonzero …
Bootstrap Resampling Approaches for Repeated Measure Designs
The current article proposes a bootstrap- F method and a bootstrap- T 2 method for use in a one-way repeated measure ANOVA design. Using a Monte Carlo approach in which sample size, nonsphericity, and nonnormality are systematically manipulated, the Type I error rate of the two bootstrap methods are compared to that of the traditional F test, the Geisser-Greenhouse adjusted F test, the Box adjusted F test, the Huynh-Feldt adjusted F test, the β-t…
Effect Size, Power, and Sample Size Determination for Structured means Modeling and Mimic Approaches to between-groups Hypothesis Testing of means on a Single Latent Construct
While effect size estimates, post hoc power estimates, and a priori sample size determination are becoming a routine part of univariate analyses involving measured variables (e.g., ANOVA), such measures and methods have not been articulated for analyses involving latent means. The current article presents standardized effect size measures for latent mean differences inferred from both structured means modeling and MIMIC approaches to hypothesis t…
Performance of Bootstrapping Approaches to Model Test Statistics and Parameter Standard Error Estimation in Structural Equation Modeling
Though the common default maximum likelihood estimator used in structural equation modeling is predicated on the assumption of multivariate normality, applied researchers often find themselves with data clearly violating this assumption and without sufficient sample size to utilize distribution-free estimation methods. Fortunately, promising alternatives are being integrated into popular software packages. Bootstrap resampling, which is offered i…
Power and Sample Size for the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation Test of not Close Fit in Structural Equation Modeling
Targeted toward the applied modeler, this article provides select power and sample size tables and interpolation strategies associated with the root mean square error of approximation test of not close fit under standard assumed conditions. It is hoped that researchers conducting structural equation modeling will be better informed as to power limitations when testing a model given a particular available sample size or, better yet, that they will…
Evaluating Small Sample Approaches for Model Test Statistics in Structural Equation Modeling
Through Monte Carlo simulation, small sample methods for evaluating overall data-model fit in structural equation modeling were explored. Type I error behavior and power were examined using maximum likelihood (ML), Satorra-Bentler scaled and adjusted (SB; Satorra & Bentler, 1988, 1994), residual-based (Browne, 1984), and asymptotically distribution free (ADF; Browne, 1982, 1984) test statistics. To accommodate small sample sizes the ML and SB sta…
Impact of Post Hoc Measurement Model Overspecification on Structural Parameter Integrity
In the common two-step structural equation modeling process, modifications are routinely made to the measurement portion of the model prior to assessing structural relations. The effect of such measurement model modifications on the structural parameter estimates, however, is not well known and is the subject of the current investigation. For a five-factor confirmatory factor model, Monte Carlo simulation was used to compare interfactor correlati…
Measurement Model Quality, Sample Size, and Solution Propriety in Confirmatory Factor Models
Sample size recommendations in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have recently shifted away from observations per variable or per parameter toward consideration of model quality. Extending research by Marsh, Hau, Balla, and Grayson (1998), simulations were conducted to determine the extent to which CFA model convergence and parameter estimation are affected by n as well as by construct reliability, which is a measure of measurement model quality…
A Framework of Statistical Tests For Comparing Mean and Covariance Structure Models
Although statistical procedures are well-known for comparing hierarchically related (nested) mean and covariance structure models, statistical tests for comparing non-hierarchically related (nonnested) models have proven more elusive. Although isolated attempts at statistical tests of non-hierarchically related models have been made, none exist within the commonly used maximum likelihood estimation framework, thereby compromising these methods' a…
Best Practices in Structural Equation Modeling
S tructural equation modeling (SEM) has evolved into a mature and popular methodology to investigate theory-derived structural/causal hypotheses. Indeed, with the continued development of SEM software packages such as AMOS (Arbuckle, 2007), EQS (Bentler, 2006), LISREL (Joreskog & Sorbom, 2006), and Mplus (Muthen & Muthen, 2006), SEM “has become the preeminent multivariate method of data analysis” (Hershberger, 2003, pp. 43–44). Yet, we believe th…
The Coaching Efficacy Scale II—High School Teams
The purpose of this validity study was to improve measurement of coaching efficacy, an important variable in models of coaching effectiveness. A revised version of the coaching efficacy scale (CES) was developed for head coaches of high school teams (CES II-HST). Data were collected from head coaches of 14 relevant high school sports (N = 799). Exploratory factor analysis (n = 250) and a conceptual understanding of the construct of interest led t…
The Potential for Differential Findings Among Invariance Testing Strategies for Multisample Measured Variable Path Models
Multisample measured variable path analysis is used to test whether causal/structural relations among measured variables differ across populations. Several invariance testing approaches are available for assessing cross-group equality of such relations, but the associated test statistics may vary considerably across methods. This study is a population analysis, examining five different strategies for invariance testing using an illustrative measu…
A Note on Confidence Intervals for Two-Group Latent Mean Effect Size Measures
This note suggests delta method implementations for deriving confidence intervals for a latent mean effect size measure for the case of 2 independent populations. A hypothetical kindergarten reading example using these implementations is provided, as is supporting LISREL syntax
Latent Growth Modeling for Logistic Response Functions
Throughout much of the social and behavioral sciences, latent growth modeling (latent curve analysis) has become an important tool for understanding individuals' longitudinal change. Although nonlinear variations of latent growth models appear in the methodological and applied literature, a notable exclusion is the treatment of growth following logistic (sigmoidal; S-shape) response functions. Such trajectories are assumed in a variety of psychol…
Mathematics (42 obras) · Computer Science (39 obras) · Statistics (36 obras) · Psychology (34 obras) · Econometrics (29 obras) · Psychometric Methodologies and Testing (26 obras) · Structural equation modeling (26 obras) · Medicine (13 obras) · Advanced Statistical Modeling Techniques (11 obras) · Latent variable (11 obras)