R Lance Shotland
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 242907 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | R Lance Shotland |
| NOMBRES | R Lance |
| APELLIDO | Shotland |
| FIRMA | SHOTLAND R L |
| AFILIACIONES | Pennsylvania State University |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 21 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 167 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 21 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1970 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1996 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Timing of first sexual intercourse in a relationship
We investigated 242 college students’ expectations about when sexual intercourse would first occur within different types of relationships. Participants reported their personal expectations, experiences, and beliefs about the sexual expectations of the “average woman” and “average man” in relationships with or without strong physical attraction and emotional involvement. Results show that, in general, men expect sexual intercourse after significa…
Sexual Precedence Reduces the Perceived Legitimacy of Sexual Refusal
A hypothesis derived from marital rape laws suggests that women are perceived as obligated to have sex by precedence. Subjects who read a rape scenario were more likely to perceive that the resisting woman should have sex and less likely to label the act as rape if the couple had had coitus 10 times before (high precedence) than once or never An alternative hypothesis derived from the common law on `easements by prescription" suggests that sexual…
A Theory of the Causes of Courtship Rape
A theory is proposed that there may be as many as five varieties of courtship rape. Each type is described as arising at a different stage of a romantic relationship in terms of both the length of the relationship and previous sexual activity. Beginning date rape occurs during a couple's first few dates. Early date rape occurs after several dates but before the couple has established sexual ground rules. Relational rape occurs after the couple's …
Valence of anticipated evaluation and social facilitation
Evaluation Practice in Review
Can Men and Women Differentiate Between Friendly and Sexually Interested Behavior
Research indicates that males perceive people to be more interested in sex than do women and are less able than women to differentiate among liking, love, and sexual involvement. Does this mean, as Abbey (1982) hypothesized, that males cannot differentiate between friendly and sexually interested behavior? Videotapes were prepared of five couples, each showing a male and a female behaving in either a friendly or a sexually interested fashion. The…
Social Science and Social Policy
Bystander response to arterial bleeding
Using a mock injury involving arterial bleeding, we explored the impact of variables on two different decisions in the decision-making process leading to help. Expertise (Red Cross Training), ambiguity, and number of bystanders were manipulated in a 2 X 2 X 2 design. We observed the following responses: (a) nonhelp, (b) ineffective direct help, (c) indirect help, and (d) direct help. The decision to help or not was affected by ambiguity, sex, and…
The Role of Bystanders in Crime Control
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate and explain the role bystanders play in crime control. We describe the range of bystanders' reactions to crime including nonintervention, indirect intervention, direct intervention, and spontaneous vigilantism, and cite illustrations of each from mass media accounts. Using evidence from social psychological research, we discuss conditions under which each type of reaction would be expected to occur. Evid…
Personal Control and Inmate Adjustment to Prison
Although this concept has rarely been investigated systematically, the prison is an environment that severely limits inmates’personal control. This article applies theoretical and empirical advances in the area of personal control to the issue of inmate adjustment to prison. Personal control has three components: outcome control, choice, and predictability of future events. Research findings suggesting adverse impacts of limited control are discu…
Increasing Charitable Contributions
Just Because She Doesn't Want to Doesn't Mean It's Rape
R. Lance Shotland, Lynne Goodstein, Just Because She Doesn't Want to Doesn't Mean It's Rape: An Experimentally Based Causal Model of the Perception of Rape in a Dating Situation, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1983), pp. 220-232
Emergency and Cost as Determinants of Helping Behavior and the Slow Accumulation of Social Psychological Knowledge
R. Lance Shotland, Charles A. Stebbins, Emergency and Cost as Determinants of Helping Behavior and the Slow Accumulation of Social Psychological Knowledge, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Mar., 1983), pp. 36-46
University Communication Networks
Emergencies
Social psychological research on helping has, in part, been concerned with the intervention of bystanders into emergencies. Pertinent empirical literature does not seem to be available on what factors bystanders use to define an emergency nor the effect of such a decision on the rate of helping. A series of four studies was conducted to answer these questions. We found that (a) Emergencies are a subclass of problem situation that usually result f…
Fear of Crime in Residential Communities
Three variables were hypothesized to cause a fear of crime and a potential change in behavior. These were: (1) crimes against a person rather than crimes against property; (2) a crime committed in an area frequented rather than a crime occurring in an area one never entered; (3) a recurring crime rather than a crime that occurred once. Two different samples of female subjects (n = 249) were approached at their residences and were asked to read on…
Bystander response to an assault
From newspaper accounts it appears that when women were attacked and bystanders did not intervene, frequently the bystanders justified their inactivity by stating that they thought it was a lovers' quarrel. In the 1st study, 51 undergraduates witnessed a violent fight between a man and a woman (confederates). Ss intervened more frequently in the fight between strangers than between a married couple. In 3 additional experiments with a total of 126…
Spontaneous vigilantes
Television and Anti-Social Behavior
Treating Data Collected by the "Small World" Method as a Markov Process
A Validation of the Lost-Letter Technique
Journal Article A VALIDATION OF THE LOST-LETTER TECHNIQUE Get access R. LANCE SHOTLAND, R. LANCE SHOTLAND * The authors are doctoral students in the Department of Psychology at Michigan State University. The Department of Psychology provided funds for this research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WALLACE G. BERGER, WALLACE G. BERGER * The authors are doctoral students in the Department of Psychology at Mic…
Timing of first sexual intercourse in a relationship
We investigated 242 college students’ expectations about when sexual intercourse would first occur within different types of relationships. Participants reported their personal expectations, experiences, and beliefs about the sexual expectations of the “average woman” and “average man” in relationships with or without strong physical attraction and emotional involvement. Results show that, in general, men expect sexual intercourse after significa…
Can Men and Women Differentiate Between Friendly and Sexually Interested Behavior
Research indicates that males perceive people to be more interested in sex than do women and are less able than women to differentiate among liking, love, and sexual involvement. Does this mean, as Abbey (1982) hypothesized, that males cannot differentiate between friendly and sexually interested behavior? Videotapes were prepared of five couples, each showing a male and a female behaving in either a friendly or a sexually interested fashion. The…
Bystander response to an assault
From newspaper accounts it appears that when women were attacked and bystanders did not intervene, frequently the bystanders justified their inactivity by stating that they thought it was a lovers' quarrel. In the 1st study, 51 undergraduates witnessed a violent fight between a man and a woman (confederates). Ss intervened more frequently in the fight between strangers than between a married couple. In 3 additional experiments with a total of 126…
Personal Control and Inmate Adjustment to Prison
Although this concept has rarely been investigated systematically, the prison is an environment that severely limits inmates’personal control. This article applies theoretical and empirical advances in the area of personal control to the issue of inmate adjustment to prison. Personal control has three components: outcome control, choice, and predictability of future events. Research findings suggesting adverse impacts of limited control are discu…
Just Because She Doesn't Want to Doesn't Mean It's Rape
R. Lance Shotland, Lynne Goodstein, Just Because She Doesn't Want to Doesn't Mean It's Rape: An Experimentally Based Causal Model of the Perception of Rape in a Dating Situation, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1983), pp. 220-232
The Role of Bystanders in Crime Control
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate and explain the role bystanders play in crime control. We describe the range of bystanders' reactions to crime including nonintervention, indirect intervention, direct intervention, and spontaneous vigilantism, and cite illustrations of each from mass media accounts. Using evidence from social psychological research, we discuss conditions under which each type of reaction would be expected to occur. Evid…
Emergency and Cost as Determinants of Helping Behavior and the Slow Accumulation of Social Psychological Knowledge
R. Lance Shotland, Charles A. Stebbins, Emergency and Cost as Determinants of Helping Behavior and the Slow Accumulation of Social Psychological Knowledge, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Mar., 1983), pp. 36-46
Fear of Crime in Residential Communities
Three variables were hypothesized to cause a fear of crime and a potential change in behavior. These were: (1) crimes against a person rather than crimes against property; (2) a crime committed in an area frequented rather than a crime occurring in an area one never entered; (3) a recurring crime rather than a crime that occurred once. Two different samples of female subjects (n = 249) were approached at their residences and were asked to read on…
Valence of anticipated evaluation and social facilitation
A Theory of the Causes of Courtship Rape
A theory is proposed that there may be as many as five varieties of courtship rape. Each type is described as arising at a different stage of a romantic relationship in terms of both the length of the relationship and previous sexual activity. Beginning date rape occurs during a couple's first few dates. Early date rape occurs after several dates but before the couple has established sexual ground rules. Relational rape occurs after the couple's …
Bystander response to arterial bleeding
Using a mock injury involving arterial bleeding, we explored the impact of variables on two different decisions in the decision-making process leading to help. Expertise (Red Cross Training), ambiguity, and number of bystanders were manipulated in a 2 X 2 X 2 design. We observed the following responses: (a) nonhelp, (b) ineffective direct help, (c) indirect help, and (d) direct help. The decision to help or not was affected by ambiguity, sex, and…
A Validation of the Lost-Letter Technique
Journal Article A VALIDATION OF THE LOST-LETTER TECHNIQUE Get access R. LANCE SHOTLAND, R. LANCE SHOTLAND * The authors are doctoral students in the Department of Psychology at Michigan State University. The Department of Psychology provided funds for this research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WALLACE G. BERGER, WALLACE G. BERGER * The authors are doctoral students in the Department of Psychology at Mic…
Spontaneous vigilantes
Emergencies
Social psychological research on helping has, in part, been concerned with the intervention of bystanders into emergencies. Pertinent empirical literature does not seem to be available on what factors bystanders use to define an emergency nor the effect of such a decision on the rate of helping. A series of four studies was conducted to answer these questions. We found that (a) Emergencies are a subclass of problem situation that usually result f…
A Validation of the Lost-Letter Technique
Journal Article A VALIDATION OF THE LOST-LETTER TECHNIQUE Get access R. LANCE SHOTLAND, R. LANCE SHOTLAND * The authors are doctoral students in the Department of Psychology at Michigan State University. The Department of Psychology provided funds for this research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WALLACE G. BERGER, WALLACE G. BERGER * The authors are doctoral students in the Department of Psychology at Mic…
Treating Data Collected by the "Small World" Method as a Markov Process
Television and Anti-Social Behavior
Bystander response to an assault
From newspaper accounts it appears that when women were attacked and bystanders did not intervene, frequently the bystanders justified their inactivity by stating that they thought it was a lovers' quarrel. In the 1st study, 51 undergraduates witnessed a violent fight between a man and a woman (confederates). Ss intervened more frequently in the fight between strangers than between a married couple. In 3 additional experiments with a total of 126…
Spontaneous vigilantes
University Communication Networks
Emergencies
Social psychological research on helping has, in part, been concerned with the intervention of bystanders into emergencies. Pertinent empirical literature does not seem to be available on what factors bystanders use to define an emergency nor the effect of such a decision on the rate of helping. A series of four studies was conducted to answer these questions. We found that (a) Emergencies are a subclass of problem situation that usually result f…
Fear of Crime in Residential Communities
Three variables were hypothesized to cause a fear of crime and a potential change in behavior. These were: (1) crimes against a person rather than crimes against property; (2) a crime committed in an area frequented rather than a crime occurring in an area one never entered; (3) a recurring crime rather than a crime that occurred once. Two different samples of female subjects (n = 249) were approached at their residences and were asked to read on…
Increasing Charitable Contributions
Just Because She Doesn't Want to Doesn't Mean It's Rape
R. Lance Shotland, Lynne Goodstein, Just Because She Doesn't Want to Doesn't Mean It's Rape: An Experimentally Based Causal Model of the Perception of Rape in a Dating Situation, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep., 1983), pp. 220-232
Emergency and Cost as Determinants of Helping Behavior and the Slow Accumulation of Social Psychological Knowledge
R. Lance Shotland, Charles A. Stebbins, Emergency and Cost as Determinants of Helping Behavior and the Slow Accumulation of Social Psychological Knowledge, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Mar., 1983), pp. 36-46
The Role of Bystanders in Crime Control
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate and explain the role bystanders play in crime control. We describe the range of bystanders' reactions to crime including nonintervention, indirect intervention, direct intervention, and spontaneous vigilantism, and cite illustrations of each from mass media accounts. Using evidence from social psychological research, we discuss conditions under which each type of reaction would be expected to occur. Evid…
Personal Control and Inmate Adjustment to Prison
Although this concept has rarely been investigated systematically, the prison is an environment that severely limits inmates’personal control. This article applies theoretical and empirical advances in the area of personal control to the issue of inmate adjustment to prison. Personal control has three components: outcome control, choice, and predictability of future events. Research findings suggesting adverse impacts of limited control are discu…
Bystander response to arterial bleeding
Using a mock injury involving arterial bleeding, we explored the impact of variables on two different decisions in the decision-making process leading to help. Expertise (Red Cross Training), ambiguity, and number of bystanders were manipulated in a 2 X 2 X 2 design. We observed the following responses: (a) nonhelp, (b) ineffective direct help, (c) indirect help, and (d) direct help. The decision to help or not was affected by ambiguity, sex, and…
Social Science and Social Policy
Can Men and Women Differentiate Between Friendly and Sexually Interested Behavior
Research indicates that males perceive people to be more interested in sex than do women and are less able than women to differentiate among liking, love, and sexual involvement. Does this mean, as Abbey (1982) hypothesized, that males cannot differentiate between friendly and sexually interested behavior? Videotapes were prepared of five couples, each showing a male and a female behaving in either a friendly or a sexually interested fashion. The…
Evaluation Practice in Review
Valence of anticipated evaluation and social facilitation
Sexual Precedence Reduces the Perceived Legitimacy of Sexual Refusal
A hypothesis derived from marital rape laws suggests that women are perceived as obligated to have sex by precedence. Subjects who read a rape scenario were more likely to perceive that the resisting woman should have sex and less likely to label the act as rape if the couple had had coitus 10 times before (high precedence) than once or never An alternative hypothesis derived from the common law on `easements by prescription" suggests that sexual…
A Theory of the Causes of Courtship Rape
A theory is proposed that there may be as many as five varieties of courtship rape. Each type is described as arising at a different stage of a romantic relationship in terms of both the length of the relationship and previous sexual activity. Beginning date rape occurs during a couple's first few dates. Early date rape occurs after several dates but before the couple has established sexual ground rules. Relational rape occurs after the couple's …
Timing of first sexual intercourse in a relationship
We investigated 242 college students’ expectations about when sexual intercourse would first occur within different types of relationships. Participants reported their personal expectations, experiences, and beliefs about the sexual expectations of the “average woman” and “average man” in relationships with or without strong physical attraction and emotional involvement. Results show that, in general, men expect sexual intercourse after significa…
Psychology (16 obras) · Social Psychology (13 obras) · Social Psychology (12 obras) · Political science (6 obras) · Sociology (6 obras) · Computer Science (5 obras) · Developmental psychology (5 obras) · Bystander effect (4 obras) · Criminology (4 obras) · Law (4 obras)