William B Weeks
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 2494053 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | William B Weeks |
| NOMBRES | William B |
| APELLIDO | Weeks |
| FIRMA | WEEKS W B |
| AFILIACIONES | Dartmouth College |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9918-1360 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 38 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 38 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1922 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
How AI can be used to promote public and population health
Here, we summarize the work that Microsoft's philanthropic Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Good Lab has completed in the realm of promoting public and population health. In particular, after providing examples of how the AI for Good Lab has articulated the value of using AI to improve public and population health, we provide examples and references of the work demonstrating how the Lab has: applied Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve materna…
Improving Rural Healthcare by Creating Academic‐ and Nonacademic‐Rural Hospital Partnerships Based on Community Health Needs Assessments and Technological Needs
Over the past 14 years, 149 rural hospitals (comprising 6% of all rural hospitals) have closed or no longer provide inpatient services because of financial distress, staff shortages, and resource constraints.1 In addition, more than 20% of rural hospitals are currently at risk of closing.2 Nearly every state has rural hospitals at risk,3 and many rural facilities are cutting services to stay afloat.4 These closures and service restrictions reduce…
Bridging the rural‐urban divide
Rural residents have higher age-adjusted mortality and prevalence rates for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, unintentional injury, and stroke.1-8 Those living in rural settings experience shorter lifespans9-11 amplified by higher the premature mortality rates implicated in “deaths of despair.”12 These longstanding rural-urban disparities in health outcomes, clinical care, health behaviors, and social determinants of health are increasing…
Rural-urban disparities in health outcomes, clinical care, health behaviors, and social determinants of health and an action-oriented, dynamic tool for visualizing them
While rural-urban disparities in health and health outcomes have been demonstrated, because of their impact on (and intervenability to improve) health and health outcomes, we sought to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal inequities in health, clinical care, health behaviors, and social determinants of health (SDOH) between rural and non-rural counties in the pre-pandemic era (2015 to 2019), and to present a Health Equity Dashboard that can b…
An observational, sequential analysis of the relationship between local economic distress and inequities in health outcomes, clinical care, health behaviors, and social determinants of health
In the late 2010s, the least prosperous US counties overwhelmingly had worse values in measures of Health Outcomes, Clinical Care, Health Behaviors, the Physical Environment, and Social and Economic Factors than more prosperous counties. Between 2015 and 2019, for most measures, inequities between the least and most prosperous counties widened. Our findings suggest that local economic prosperity may serve as a proxy for health and SDOH status of …
Identifying long-term effects of Sars-CoV-2 and their association with social determinants of health in a cohort of over one million Covid-19 survivors
We identified several long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 through a self-controlled study on a cohort of over one million patients. Furthermore, we found that while age and gender are commonly associated with the long-term effects, other social determinants of health such as race, income and education levels have rare or no significant associations
Trends in Characteristics of Adults Enrolled in Traditional Fee-for-Service Medicare and Medicare Advantage, 2011–2019
BACKGROUND: While overall Medicare Part C (Medicare Advantage) enrollment has grown more rapidly than fee-for-service Medicare enrollment, changes in the growth and characteristics of different enrollee populations have not been examined. OBJECTIVES: For 2011-2019, to compare changes in the growth and characteristics of younger (age younger than 65) and older (age 65 and older) Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Part A only, Medicare Par…
The Federal Health Authority, a Federal Reserve System for Health Care
In 1907, a financial collapse led to a major US national recession, a 17% decline in industrial output,1 and creation of the Federal Reserve system in 1913 to “provide a means by which periodic panics which shake the American Republic and do it enormous injury shall be stopped.”2
Data Sources for Understanding the Social Determinants of Health
The expansion in the scope, scale, and sources of data on the wider social determinants of health (SDH) in the last decades could bridge gaps in information available for decision-making. However, challenges remain in making data widely available, accessible, and useful towards improving population health. While traditional, government-supported data sources and comparable data are most often used to characterize social determinants, there are st…
Use of Data to Understand the Social Determinants of Depression in Two Middle‐Income Countries
Pay Gap Between Male And Female Physicians
No abstract available
Differences Among States in Rural Veterans’ Use of VHA and Non‐VHA Hospitals
PURPOSE: To understand how vouchers for non-VHA care of VHA-enrolled veterans might affect rural enrollees, we determined how much enrollees use VHA and non-VHA inpatient care, and whether this use varies substantially between rural and urban residents depending on state of residence. METHODS: For veterans listed in the 2007 VHA enrollment file as living in Arizona, Iowa, Louisiana, Tennessee, Florida, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, or New York, w…
Episode-of-Care Characteristics and Costs for Hip and Knee Replacement Surgery in Hospitals Belonging to the High Value Healthcare Collaborative Compared With Similar Hospitals in the Same Health Care…
BACKGROUND: To inform consumers and restrain health care cost growth, efforts to promote transparency and to reimburse for care episodes are accelerating in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To compare characteristics and costs of 30-day episode of care for hip and knee replacement occurring in High Value Healthcare Collaborative (HVHC)-member hospitals to those occurring in like non-HVHC-member hospitals in the same 15 health care markets before int…
Characteristics and patterns of elective admissions to for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals in France in 2009 and 2010
Geographic variation in rates of common surgical procedures in France in 2008–2010, and comparison to the US and Britain
Geographic Variation in Admissions for Knee Replacement, Hip Replacement, and Hip Fracture in France
INTRODUCTION: We sought to determine whether there was evidence of supplier-induced demand in mainland France, where health care is mainly financed by a public and compulsory health insurance and provided by both for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals. METHODS: Using a dataset of all admissions to French hospitals for 2009 and 2010, we calculated department-level age-adjusted and sex-adjusted per capita admission rates for hip replacement, knee …
Sex-based differences in income and response to proposed financial incentives among general practitioners in France
Impact of Rural Residence on Survival of Male Veterans Affairs Patients After Age 65
OBJECTIVES: More than 1 in 5 Veterans Affairs (VA) users lives in a rural setting. Rural veterans face different barriers to health care than their urban counterparts, but their risk of death relative to their urban counterparts is unknown. The objective of our study was to compare survival between rural and urban VA users. METHODS: We linked the Large Health Survey of Veteran Enrollees conducted in 1999 to the Veterans Administration vital statu…
A Longitudinal Analysis of Rural and Urban Veterans’ Health-Related Quality of Life
CONTEXT: Cross-sectional studies have identified rural-urban disparities in veterans' health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) scores. PURPOSE: To determine whether longitudinal analyses confirmed that these disparities in veterans' HRQOL scores persisted. METHODS: We obtained data from the SF-12 portion of the veterans health administration's (VA's) Survey of Healthcare Experiences of Patients (SHEP) collected between 2002 and 2006. During that ti…
Practical and Policy Implications of Using Different Rural‐Urban Classification Systems
Context: Several classification systems exist for defining rural areas, which may lead to different interpretations of rural health services data. Purpose: To compare rural classification systems on their implications for estimating Veterans Administration (VA) utilization. Methods: Using 7 classification systems, we counted VA health care enrollees who lived in each category, and number admitted to VA hospitals or non‐VA hospitals under Medicare…
Do Older Rural and Urban Veterans Experience Different Rates of Unplanned Readmission to VA and Non‐VA Hospitals
Context: Unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge is an indicator of hospital quality. Purpose: We wanted to determine whether older rural veterans who were enrolled in the VA had different rates of unplanned readmission to VA or non‐VA hospitals than their urban counterparts. Methods: We used the combined VA/Medicare dataset to examine 3,513,912 hospital admissions for older veterans that occurred in VA or non‐VA hospitals between 1997 …
Research on Rural Veterans
Context: The Veterans Health Administration (VA) provides comprehensive health care services to veterans across the United States. Recently, the VA established an Office of Rural Health to address the health care needs of rural veterans. Purpose: To review the literature on rural veterans' health care needs in order to identify areas for future research. Methods: We conducted a literature review of articles listed in the Medline, CINAHL, and BIOS…
Rural–Urban Differences in Primary Care Physicians' Practice Patterns, Characteristics, and Incomes
Context: Low salaries and difficult work conditions are perceived as a major barrier to the recruitment of primary care physicians to rural settings. Purpose: To examine rural–urban differences in physician work effort, physician characteristics, and practice characteristics, and to determine whether, after adjusting for any observed differences, rural primary care physicians' incomes were lower than those of urban primary care physicians. Method…
Comparing the Characteristics, Utilization, Efficiency, and Outcomes of VA and Non-VA Inpatient Care Provided to VA Enrollees
OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics, utilization, and outcomes of Veterans Health Administration (VA) and non-VA inpatient care provided to VA enrollees in New York. METHODS: Using VA and New York State administrative and clinical databases, we conducted a retrospective study examining 110,716 residents of New York State who were enrolled in the VA and had 266,869 inpatient admissions in VA and non-VA hospitals in New York. For each admissi…
When VA Patients Have Non-VA Hospitalizations, Who Pays for What Services, and What Are the Research Implications
OBJECTIVE: To determine, for Veterans Health Administration (VA) enrollees who lived and were hospitalized in New York State between 1998 and 2000, the primary payers for their non-VA admissions, whether the primary payer mix varied by condition treated, and whether the Medicare claims data that VA acquired on its Medicare-enrolled patients captured all or most of their non-VA inpatient care. METHODS: Using VA and New York State administrative an…
Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life in Rural and Urban Veterans
Objectives. We sought to determine whether disparities in health-related quality of life exist between veterans who live in rural settings and their suburban or urban counterparts. Methods. We determined health-related quality-of-life scores (physical and mental health component summaries) for 767109 veterans who had used Veterans Health Administration services within the past 3 years. We used rural/urban commuting area codes to categorize vetera…
Changes in authorship patterns in prestigious US medical journals
Characteristics and patterns of elective admissions to for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals in France in 2009 and 2010
The Ralton Tramboon
THE RALTON TRAMBOON Get access WILLIAM WEEKS WILLIAM WEEKS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume III, Issue 3, July 1922, Pages 294–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/III.3.294 Published: 01 July 1922
Primary Care Practice Management in Rural and Urban Veterans Health Administration Settings
Limited access to specialty care in rural settings may result in more expectations of primary care providers and a higher demand for primary care The authors used survey and administrative data from 1999 from the Veterans Health Administration (vHA) to compare primary care practice management and performance in 19 rural to 103 urban VHA hospitals nationally Rural VHA hospitals me smaller, less likely to be academically affiliated, and had fewer i…
Veterans' System‐of‐care Preferences for Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty in a Rural Setting
Context: In the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), regionalization of high‐technology health care services may influence veterans who live far from referral centers to obtain care locally, through the private sector. Purpose: To understand veterans' system‐of‐care preferences for a high‐technology regionalized service. Methods: The charts of 142 veterans who were referred for percutaneous transluminal coronay angioplasty PTCA) by their VHA car…
Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life in Rural and Urban Veterans
Objectives. We sought to determine whether disparities in health-related quality of life exist between veterans who live in rural settings and their suburban or urban counterparts. Methods. We determined health-related quality-of-life scores (physical and mental health component summaries) for 767109 veterans who had used Veterans Health Administration services within the past 3 years. We used rural/urban commuting area codes to categorize vetera…
Changes in authorship patterns in prestigious US medical journals
Veterans Health Administration and Medicare Outpatient Health Care Utilization by Older Rural and Urban New England Veterans
Context: Older veterans often use both the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Medicare to obtain health care services. Purpose: The authors sought to compare outpatient medical service utilization of Medicare‐enrolled rural veterans with their urban counterparts in New England. Methods: The authors combined VHA and Medicare databases and identified veterans who were age 65 and older and enrolled in Medicare fee‐for‐service plans, and they o…
Characteristics of Rural and Urban Cadaveric Organ Transplant Donors and Recipients
Context: Health disparities have been found when comparing rural and urban populations. Purpose: To compare characteristics of rural and urban cadaveric transplant donors and recipients. Methods: We used deidentified individual‐level data on 55,929 cadaveric transplant donor‐recipient exchanges between 2000 and 2003 and examined the relative rates of donating and receiving cadaveric transplants for rural compared to urban residents, as defined by…
Rural‐Urban Disparities in Health‐Related Quality of Life Within Disease Categories of Veterans
Context: Compared to their urban counterparts, rural veterans have been found to have lower health‐related quality of life. Purpose: To determine whether these disparities persist when examining disease categories of rural and urban veterans. Methods: We obtained survey data on 748,216 veterans who were current or anticipated Veterans Health Administration patients. Using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐9CM codes, we determined whe…
Physical and Mental Health and Access to Care Among Nonmetropolitan Veterans Health Administration Patients Younger Than 65 Years
Context: The 4.5 million military veterans treated by the Veterans Health Administration (VA) are believed to experience poorer physical and mental health than nonveterans. Furthermore, nonmetropolitan residents have less access to medical services, whether or not they are veterans in VA care. A direct comparison of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan veterans and nonveterans on a national health survey has not been reported, so it is not known whet…
Veterans Health Administration Patients’ Use of the Private Sector for Coronary Revascularization In New York
OBJECTIVE: We sought to quantify Veterans Health Administration (VA) patients' utilization of coronary revascularization in the private sector and to assess the potential impact of directing this care to high-performance hospitals. METHODS: Using VA and New York State administrative and clinical databases, we conducted a retrospective cohort study examining residents of New York State who were enrolled in the VA and underwent either coronary arte…
Where Do Women Veterans Get Their Inpatient Care
Reducing Avoidable Deaths Among Veterans
Objectives. We quantified older (65 years and older) Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients’ use of the private sector to obtain 14 surgical procedures and assessed the potential impact of directing that care to high-performance hospitals. Methods. Using a merged VHA–Medicare inpatient database for 2000 and 2001, we determined where older VHA enrollees obtained 6 cardiovascular surgeries and 8 cancer resections and whether private-sector c…
Who Pays When VA Users Are Hospitalized in the Private Sector
BACKGROUND: Older veterans enrolled in VA healthcare receive much of their medical care in the private sector, through Medicare. Less is known about younger VA enrollees' use of the private sector, or its funding. We compare payers for younger and older enrollees' private sector use in 3 hospitalization datasets. RESEARCH DESIGN: From 1998 to 2000, using private sector discharge data for VA enrollees in New York State, we categorized hospitalizat…
Research on Rural Veterans
Context: The Veterans Health Administration (VA) provides comprehensive health care services to veterans across the United States. Recently, the VA established an Office of Rural Health to address the health care needs of rural veterans. Purpose: To review the literature on rural veterans' health care needs in order to identify areas for future research. Methods: We conducted a literature review of articles listed in the Medline, CINAHL, and BIOS…
Rural–Urban Differences in Primary Care Physicians' Practice Patterns, Characteristics, and Incomes
Context: Low salaries and difficult work conditions are perceived as a major barrier to the recruitment of primary care physicians to rural settings. Purpose: To examine rural–urban differences in physician work effort, physician characteristics, and practice characteristics, and to determine whether, after adjusting for any observed differences, rural primary care physicians' incomes were lower than those of urban primary care physicians. Method…
Comparing the Characteristics, Utilization, Efficiency, and Outcomes of VA and Non-VA Inpatient Care Provided to VA Enrollees
OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics, utilization, and outcomes of Veterans Health Administration (VA) and non-VA inpatient care provided to VA enrollees in New York. METHODS: Using VA and New York State administrative and clinical databases, we conducted a retrospective study examining 110,716 residents of New York State who were enrolled in the VA and had 266,869 inpatient admissions in VA and non-VA hospitals in New York. For each admissi…
When VA Patients Have Non-VA Hospitalizations, Who Pays for What Services, and What Are the Research Implications
OBJECTIVE: To determine, for Veterans Health Administration (VA) enrollees who lived and were hospitalized in New York State between 1998 and 2000, the primary payers for their non-VA admissions, whether the primary payer mix varied by condition treated, and whether the Medicare claims data that VA acquired on its Medicare-enrolled patients captured all or most of their non-VA inpatient care. METHODS: Using VA and New York State administrative an…
Practical and Policy Implications of Using Different Rural‐Urban Classification Systems
Context: Several classification systems exist for defining rural areas, which may lead to different interpretations of rural health services data. Purpose: To compare rural classification systems on their implications for estimating Veterans Administration (VA) utilization. Methods: Using 7 classification systems, we counted VA health care enrollees who lived in each category, and number admitted to VA hospitals or non‐VA hospitals under Medicare…
Do Older Rural and Urban Veterans Experience Different Rates of Unplanned Readmission to VA and Non‐VA Hospitals
Context: Unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge is an indicator of hospital quality. Purpose: We wanted to determine whether older rural veterans who were enrolled in the VA had different rates of unplanned readmission to VA or non‐VA hospitals than their urban counterparts. Methods: We used the combined VA/Medicare dataset to examine 3,513,912 hospital admissions for older veterans that occurred in VA or non‐VA hospitals between 1997 …
Impact of Rural Residence on Survival of Male Veterans Affairs Patients After Age 65
OBJECTIVES: More than 1 in 5 Veterans Affairs (VA) users lives in a rural setting. Rural veterans face different barriers to health care than their urban counterparts, but their risk of death relative to their urban counterparts is unknown. The objective of our study was to compare survival between rural and urban VA users. METHODS: We linked the Large Health Survey of Veteran Enrollees conducted in 1999 to the Veterans Administration vital statu…
A Longitudinal Analysis of Rural and Urban Veterans’ Health-Related Quality of Life
CONTEXT: Cross-sectional studies have identified rural-urban disparities in veterans' health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) scores. PURPOSE: To determine whether longitudinal analyses confirmed that these disparities in veterans' HRQOL scores persisted. METHODS: We obtained data from the SF-12 portion of the veterans health administration's (VA's) Survey of Healthcare Experiences of Patients (SHEP) collected between 2002 and 2006. During that ti…
Sex-based differences in income and response to proposed financial incentives among general practitioners in France
Geographic variation in rates of common surgical procedures in France in 2008–2010, and comparison to the US and Britain
Geographic Variation in Admissions for Knee Replacement, Hip Replacement, and Hip Fracture in France
INTRODUCTION: We sought to determine whether there was evidence of supplier-induced demand in mainland France, where health care is mainly financed by a public and compulsory health insurance and provided by both for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals. METHODS: Using a dataset of all admissions to French hospitals for 2009 and 2010, we calculated department-level age-adjusted and sex-adjusted per capita admission rates for hip replacement, knee …
Characteristics and patterns of elective admissions to for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals in France in 2009 and 2010
Medicine (32 obras) · Health care (22 obras) · Primary Care and Health Outcomes (19 obras) · Family medicine (16 obras) · Gerontology (14 obras) · Healthcare Policy and Management (14 obras) · Demography (13 obras) · Rural area (13 obras) · Environmental health (12 obras) · Nursing (12 obras)