Zenonas Norkus
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 249471 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Zenonas Norkus |
| NOMBRES | Zenonas |
| APELLIDO | Norkus |
| FIRMA | NORKUS Z |
| AFILIACIONES | Vilnius University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6364-0716 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 69 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 61 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 69 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1991 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
When did Lithuania Lose its Energy Independence? Primary Energy Consumption in Lithuania in 1927–1960 from the Viewpoint of the Economic History of Energy
In the summer of 2024, the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania approved the National Energy Independence Strategy which sets full energy independence as the long-term goal for Lithuania’s energy development. This should be achieved in around 2050, when Lithuania is expected to become a net energy exporter. At the same time, Lithuania will have completed the second major energy transition: replacing fossil hydrocarbon energy sources with renewable…
Denmarkisation and agricultural growth in the Baltic countries during the interwar period
‘Denmarkisation’ was a policy intended for the economic modernisation of underdeveloped agrarian countries by emulating the success story of Denmark in 1870–1914. Denmark’s example attracted the newly established independent Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (1918–1940) owing to their belonging to the same region as well as having similar sizes and natural endowments. In Lithuania, the most influential proponent of ‘Denmarkisation’ w…
Last Famine in Lithuania (Vilnius 1917)
Why did Lithuania’s economy grow during the great depression of the 1930s
Benchmarking Latvia’s economy
Reinventing perished “Belgium of the East”
Was Grand Duchy of Lithuania a Federation
According to received wisdom in the historiography of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL), going back to M. Dovnar-Zapolski, M. Liubavski, O. Halecki, the territorial form of government in the GDL was federal in the late XV-early XVI century. The paper critically reviews the arguments advanced in favor of this thesis and argues that the concept of empire describes the territorial organization of GDL in a more accurate way. The criticism of the fed…
Mortality transition in the interwar Baltic states
This paper is the first comparative analysis of mortality transition, as part of the demographic transition, in all the three Baltic countries during the interwar period. We address the following research questions: Which type of mortality transition is exemplified by the interwar Baltic countries’ mortality patterns? Was the mortality transition completed already before WWII? What were Baltic cross-country differences in the advancement of morta…
Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) Disparities in Interwar and Restored Independent Lithuania
We provide a pioneering estimation of the regional Gross Domestic Product (rGDP) of the interwar Republic of Lithuania in 1923. This is the only year when a census of the interwar population was conducted, providing data necessary for the application of the Geary-Stark method of indirect estimation of regional output. We also measure productivity disparities across the regions in 1923 and 2001–2020 by Coefficient of Variation (CV), Mean Logarithm…
Demographic Continuity as a Necessary Condition of Performable Post-communist Token Social Restorations
We test the hypothesis that demographic continuity was a necessary condition of performable token post-communist social restorations. Demographic continuity means sufficient overlapping between populations of original and restored systems. Token social restoration refers to restorations where original and restored systems are identical. It is opposed to type restoration where original and restored systems are numerically different instances of th…
The Estonian antebellum paradox
In this study, we examine the mismatch between the anthropometric and the economic measures of human wellbeing, a fact that has gone unnoticed in the international research on anthropometric history: by 1914, Estonian males were among the tallest in the world despite the country’s economic underdevelopment. We explain the anthropometric overperformance of Estonia considering the early start of the first demographic transition in relation to the s…
‘Weber's Thesis' and the Restoration of Capitalism in Baltic Countries
Max Weber believed that capitalist economic system will not last forever and participated (in 1918–20) in the incipient debate on the political and economic viability of socialism. He did not consider a situation of restoration of capitalism, but this did happen. The chapter explores the relevance of Weber’s economic sociology for post-communist transition studies, focusing on his most famous idea, known as “Weber thesis”. Former socialist countr…
Jerzy Topolski’s Restoration (ad Integrum) of Historics/Historyka
This book is a collection of papers published in English by the best internationally known Polish writer in metahistory during the last three decades of the past century. Expanded by translation of selected fragments from Polish, it provides international readers for the first time a synoptic picture of Jerzy Topolski’s contributions to theoretical self-reflection of historical studies. During his lifetime, Topolski presented himself and was perc…
New estimation of the gross domestic product in Baltic countries in 1913–1938
From warfare to welfare states? Social and military spending in the Baltic States 1918–1940
This paper provides first broad cross-national quantitative comparison of social transfers and total social spending by the central government in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in 1930 and cross-time comparative case study of social and defense spending patterns of these three countries during the entire interwar independence period. To compensate for many gaps in the available historical statistics of national income, the ratio of social to milit…
The population size of Lithuania (within contemporary borders) between 1897 and 1914
Historians and historical demographers strongly disagree about the size of the population of Lithuania within contemporary borders in 1914. According to Soviet era sources, it was 2,828,000, while contemporary publications provide a figure of 3,350,500. The main difficulty is incongruity between the limits of administrative units of the Russian empire and the eastern border of independent Lithuania and its many changes between 1918 and 1940. For …
Relevance of American Diasporas for the Post-Soviet Economic Recovery and Growth of Their Homelands
Cet article compare les performances de croissance économique post-soviétique (1990-2014) des anciennes républiques soviétiques avec celles de la fin de la période soviétique (1969-1990). Les gagnants de la dissolution de l’URSS ont connu une accélération de leur croissance. Cela a été le cas de l’Arménie contre toute attente, mais pas de la Lituanie. Son importante diaspora a été considérée comme l’avantage décisif de l’Arménie. Pourtant, en 199…
Relevance of American Diasporas for the Post-Soviet Economic Recovery and Growth of Their Homelands
Cet article compare les performances de croissance economique post-sovietique (1990-2014) des anciennes republiques sovietiques avec celles de la fin de la periode sovietique (1969-1990). Les gagnants de la dissolution de l’URSS ont connu une acceleration de leur croissance. Cela a ete le cas de l’Armenie contre toute attente, mais pas de la Lituanie. Son importante diaspora a ete consideree comme l’avantage decisif de l’Armenie. Pourtant, en 199…
The economic output growth of Baltic countries in 1913–1938
This article surveys and appends the available quantitative research on the interwar economic growth of Baltic countries to compare gross domestic product (GDP) (in 1990 Geary–Khamis dollars) growth in Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania between 1913 and 1938 in a broad international context. Finland’s GDP per capita recovered to the 1913 level in 1923, in Estonia recovery was complete by 1922, in Lithuania by 1924, and in Latvia by 1924–1925…
Real Wages of Lithuanian Construction Workers from 1913 to 1939 (Measured in Subsistence and Welfare Ratios) in a Cross-National Comparison
This article provides two comparisons: (1) a cross-time comparison of real wages of skilled and unskilled workers in Kaunas before the First World War and during the interwar period; and (2) a cross-national quantitative comparison of the wages of unskilled workers in Kaunas and the capital cities of most European countries during the same period. For the second comparison, we use the findings of researchers who applied Robert C. Allen’s methodol…
First calculations of the total output of Latvia and Lithuania in the 1920s
The contemporary system of national accounts (SNA) framework is used to compare the methodologies and to adjust the findings to allow for cross-country comparisons of the very first calculations of the total economic output of Lithuania in 1924 by Albinas Rimka (1886–1944) and of Latvia in 1925 by Alfrēds Ceihners (1899–1987). Ceihners’ notion of national income corresponds to the SNA concept of gross national income (GNI), while Rimka measured n…
The glory and demise of monetary nationalism in the post‐communist Baltic states
This paper contributes to the body of research on the monetary variety of nationalism, which conceives of national currency as an essential element of nation state and national identity (‘one nation, one money’), exploring its contribution to the successful internal devaluation in the Baltic states during the economic crisis of 2008–2010. Contrary to the predictions of renowned experts in economics and finance, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were …
Te visad dega šviesos
[text in Lithuanian]
Apie tūkstantmetę Amerikos imperiją kaip istorijos pabaigą
text in Lithuanian
Apie pirmuosius nacionalinių pajamų skaičiavimus tarpukario Lietuvoje ir Albino Rimkos juose padarytas klaidas, pagreitinusias demokratijos žlugimą
Šiuolaikinės nacionalinės sąskaitybos retrospektyvoje analizuojamas pionieriškas Albino Rimkos (1886–1944) 1926 m. paskelbtas Lietuvos nacionalinių pajamų 1924 m. skaičiavimas. Tikrasis tų metų Lietuvos grynųjų nacionalinių pajamų („bendrojo tautos pelno“) dydis gerokai pranoko ekonomisto išvestą dydį dėl per didelių atskaitymų pagrindinio kapitalo amortizacijai ir dėl valdžios sektoriaus teikiamų nekomercinių paslaugų (viešųjų gėrybių) vertės …
Mechanisms as Miracle Makers? The Rise and Inconsistencies of the "Mechanismic Approach" in Social Science and History
In the increasing body of metatheoretical literature on “causal mechanisms,” definitions of “mechanism” proliferate, and these increasingly divergent definitions reproduce older theoretical and methodological oppositions. The reason for this proliferation is the incompatibility of the various metatheoretical expectations directed to them: (1) to serve as an alternative to the scientific theory of individual behavior (for some social theorists, mo…
Max Weber's Interpretive Sociology and Rational Choice Approach
This article aims at substantiating two theses: (1) Weber's programmatic metatheoretical texts contain a description of the method of socio-scientific explanation, which anticipate a specific version of the Rational Choice Approach (RCA) in contemporary sociology, and (2) it is possible to distinguish two versions of this description; the first, however, being closer to the RCA than the second. The late Weberian outline of sociological theory of …
Why did estonia perform best? the north–south gap in the post-socialist economic transition of the baltic states
After more than a decade of post-socialist political and economic transformation one can distinguish two groups of transition countries–'successful' (with a consolidated liberal democracy and working market economy) and 'unsuccessful' cases. The first group is represented by the countries of Central Europe and the Baltic states, and the second by the Balkan countries and most of the former Soviet republics. Today, all three Baltic countries belon…
The glory and demise of monetary nationalism in the post‐communist Baltic states
This paper contributes to the body of research on the monetary variety of nationalism, which conceives of national currency as an essential element of nation state and national identity (‘one nation, one money’), exploring its contribution to the successful internal devaluation in the Baltic states during the economic crisis of 2008–2010. Contrary to the predictions of renowned experts in economics and finance, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were …
Šiuolaikinės Lietuvos klasinė struktūra
This article analyses social inequality and political processes in post-Communist Lithuania, using the neo-Weberian class theory of Robert Erikson, John Goldthorpe and Lucienne Portocarero (EGP). The opening section considers why the analysis of social structure, which was a central concern in classical sociology, has been so neglected in Lithuanian sociology since the restoration of independence. There are just two exceptions to this trend, disc…
First calculations of the total output of Latvia and Lithuania in the 1920s
The contemporary system of national accounts (SNA) framework is used to compare the methodologies and to adjust the findings to allow for cross-country comparisons of the very first calculations of the total economic output of Lithuania in 1924 by Albinas Rimka (1886–1944) and of Latvia in 1925 by Alfrēds Ceihners (1899–1987). Ceihners’ notion of national income corresponds to the SNA concept of gross national income (GNI), while Rimka measured n…
Agrarinių reformų Pirmojoje ir Antrojoje Lietuvos respublikose lyginamoji istorinė sociologinė analizė
Santrauka. Straipsnyje lyginamos tarpukario ir pokomunistinės agrarinių reformų pradinės sąlygos, eiga ir rezultatai, šį diachroninį palyginimą praplečiant ir kontroliuojant sinchroniniais palyginimais su analogiškais procesais kitose Rytų ir Vidurio Europos šalyse tarpukario ir pokomunistiniais laikais. Svarbiausius abiejų reformų panašumus lėmė 1949-51 m. kolektyvizacija, visus Lietuvos žemdirbius pastačiusi į padėtį, kurioje iki 1922 m. reform…
Max Weber on Nations and Nationalism
The economic output growth of Baltic countries in 1913–1938
This article surveys and appends the available quantitative research on the interwar economic growth of Baltic countries to compare gross domestic product (GDP) (in 1990 Geary–Khamis dollars) growth in Estonia, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania between 1913 and 1938 in a broad international context. Finland’s GDP per capita recovered to the 1913 level in 1923, in Estonia recovery was complete by 1922, in Lithuania by 1924, and in Latvia by 1924–1925…
Kas Turtėjo Greičiausiai? Baltijos Šalių Ūkio Augimo 1913–1938 Metais Palyginimas
Straipsnyje lyginamas Estijos, Latvijos, Lietuvos ir Suomijos (kuri tarpukariu buvo laikoma viena Baltijos šalių) ūkio augimas 1913–1938 m., pagrindinį dėmesį skiriant tarpukario laikotarpiui. Tam užpildomos plačiausiai naudojamo tarptautiškai ir diachroniškai palyginamų ūkio augimo duomenų šaltinio – Maddisono projekto duomenų rinkinio, kuris atspindi daugumos pasaulio šalių ūkio dinamiką 1–2010 m., properšos. Šiuo metu jame pateikti duomenys …
Lietuvos Politinė Raida
The goal of paper is to put into focus and explain essential features of the political development in Lithuania during second post-communist decade by means of its comparison with the analoguos processes in other Baltic States (Latvia and Estonia) and in those Central European countries with political systems which resemble most closely Lithuanian case (Poland and Hungary). In all these countries, second post-communist decade witnessed the rise o…
Kaip sociologija gali padėti geriau pažinti Baltijos kelią
The goal of this article is to identify the lacunae in recent research about post-Communist transformations in the Baltic states, a task for which sociology as a social-scientific discipline is uniquely qualified. The paper starts by periodising the two decades of post-Communist transformation which applies across all three Baltic states, providing evidence for a common Baltic way, with Estonia in a pioneering role. This is corroborated by quanti…
Carl Schmitt as a Resource for Democratic Consolidation Studies
This article is a case study of the recent impeachment of President Paksas of Lithuania, exploring the heuristic value of Carl Schmitt's extremalist methodology for research on the institutional dimension of democratic consolidation. This methodology considers the performance of the democratic regime under extreme or exceptional conditions as the test of its consolidation. As presidential and semipresidential regimes are predisposed to evolve int…
Troubles with Mechanisms
This paper discusses the prospect of the "new social history" guided by the recent work of Charles Tilly on the methodology of social and historical explanation. Tilly advocates explanation by mechanisms as the alternative to the covering law explanation. Tilly's proposals are considered to be the attempt to reshape the practices of social and historical explanation following the example set by the explanatory practices of molecular biology, neur…
Historical Narratives as Pictures
Introduction There are two basic modes to re-present things, events, persons and deeds that are absent because they have already passed: by text and by picture. What is the difference between them? The default answer to this question according to classical tradition says that representation by text is conventional: there is no similarity between words, sentences, texts and the objects represented by them. Representation by picture is based on the…
Max Weber on Nations and Nationalsim
Although Weber voiced doubts about the scientific value of the concepts of "ethnicity" and "nation," in his work one can detect the outlines of two theories of nation. In the political-sociological theory (exposed in Economy and Society), the nation is understood as a status group united by common historical memory and fighting for the prestige of power and culture with other nations. Besides that, in his early work Weber outlines the political-e…
Max Weber's Historical Sociology of Politics
Max Weber's concept of feudalism and history of Lithuania
The article contains an attempt at classification of the theories of feudalism, an exposition of Max Weber's later theory of feudalism and a discussion of the question of its applicability to the history of Lithuania in the 13th-17th centuries. The theories of feudalism are classified as building a continuum including two poles: a mimetic one and a constructivist one. The first pole is approximated by the political and legal concepts of feudalism…
Robertas Mertonas ir šiuolaikinė sociologija
The purpose of the article is to introduce the reader with Robert Merton, whose text fragments are republished in this journal issue. Article discusses the significance of Robert Merton for the contemporary sociology. Aspects of historical development of sociological discipline are considered. The significance of Robert Merton's and Talcott Parson's works in defining sociology as a social science is emphasized. The article ends with an overview t…
Two mirrors of power
Basing on the work of Robert Dahl, Keith Dowding, Peter Morriss et al., two methodical approaches in the empirical research on social power are compared: the decisional one and the resource-based one. The article includes the concise presentation of the approaches to the measurement of the voting power and discusses the conceptual pitfalls in the analysis of power. The use of the decisional approach is prone to the commitment of the "exercise fal…
Trečiasis Maxo Weberio prasiveržimas
The aim of the article is to discuss Weber's dilemma of methodological individualism: the question of the relationship between Weber's interpretive sociology and his substantive sociological research. The author of the article aims, first, to deny the dilemma of methodological individualism by claiming that the contradictions between Weber's methodological principles and his research practice are superficial. Second, the author argues that, contr…
Diskusiniai Maxo Weberio socialinės teorijos interpretacijos klausimai
Straipsnyje apžvelgiama M. Weberio idėjų recepcija, diskusijos dėl jo sociologijos teorinio branduolio. Straipsnio tikslas – išnagrinėti tų diskusijų prielaidas, eigą ir rezultatus, juos palyginti, taip pat nužymėti potencialiai vaisingas tolimesnių paieškų kryptis. Teigiama, kad mažiausiai trijų šiuolaikinės sociologinės teorijos krypčių (sisteminio funkcionalizmo, konflikto teorijos ir fenomenologinės sociologijos) atstovai svarstė M. Weberio k…
Between historical memory and struggle for ellenbogenraum
The article can be read as an answer to the remark of Perry Anderson: "whereas Weber was so bewitched by the spell of nationalism that he was never able to theorize it, Gellner has theorized nationalism without detecting the spell". (Anderson P. A Zone of Engagement. London: Verso, 1992. P. 205). A reason for such opinion can be Weber's scepticism about the very possibility to define in a scientifically useful way the concepts of "ethnicity" and …
Maxo Weberio suprantančioji socialinė ekonomika (arba vienos nesuprastos metodologinės programos rekonstravimas)
The author of this article discusses a few questions connected with interpreting the legacy of Max Weber. First, the article poses the question of when did Weber become a sociologist? Second, it considers the way that Weber defines the relationship between economics and sociology. The questions are discussed in the historical context of development of sociology in Germany. The author suggests that Weber's relationship with the economics is a dual…
Max Weber's Interpretive Sociology and Rational Choice Approach
This article aims at substantiating two theses: (1) Weber's programmatic metatheoretical texts contain a description of the method of socio-scientific explanation, which anticipate a specific version of the Rational Choice Approach (RCA) in contemporary sociology, and (2) it is possible to distinguish two versions of this description; the first, however, being closer to the RCA than the second. The late Weberian outline of sociological theory of …
Historical Narratives as Pictures
Introduction There are two basic modes to re-present things, events, persons and deeds that are absent because they have already passed: by text and by picture. What is the difference between them? The default answer to this question according to classical tradition says that representation by text is conventional: there is no similarity between words, sentences, texts and the objects represented by them. Representation by picture is based on the…
Max Weber on Nations and Nationalism
Max Weber on Nations and Nationalsim
Although Weber voiced doubts about the scientific value of the concepts of "ethnicity" and "nation," in his work one can detect the outlines of two theories of nation. In the political-sociological theory (exposed in Economy and Society), the nation is understood as a status group united by common historical memory and fighting for the prestige of power and culture with other nations. Besides that, in his early work Weber outlines the political-e…
Old History of Culture and New Cultural History
The article compares two epochs in the history of the Western cultural history writing, with main attention paid to their theoretical assumptions: that of the late 19th - early 20th century (called in the article "old history of culture") and that of the late 20th - early 21st century (known as "new cultural history"). Both of them emerged as challengers: the old history of culture was conceived as the alternative to the once dominant political h…
Was Western Capitalism a Product of an Error in Reasoning? The Weber Thesis and Newcomb's Problem
This article demonstrates how Weber's ideal typical Calvinist in choosing between the 'worldly ascetic' and the usual opportunistic way of life confronts Newcomb's problem. Weber's presentation of the Calvinist predicament exemplifies a distinct case of Newcomb's problem with an infallible predictor, but with asymmetry in the auspiciousness of agent's choices. Because of this asymmetry, Weber's presentation is free from the charge of incoherence,…
Mechanisms as Miracle Makers? The Rise and Inconsistencies of the "Mechanismic Approach" in Social Science and History
In the increasing body of metatheoretical literature on “causal mechanisms,” definitions of “mechanism” proliferate, and these increasingly divergent definitions reproduce older theoretical and methodological oppositions. The reason for this proliferation is the incompatibility of the various metatheoretical expectations directed to them: (1) to serve as an alternative to the scientific theory of individual behavior (for some social theorists, mo…
Pirmasis lietuviškas sociologijos metateorijos veikalas
Review: Valantiejus, Algimantas. 2004. Kritinis sociologijos diskursas. Tarp pozityvizmo ir postmodernizmo. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla
Socialinės tvarkos problema šiuolaikinėje racionalaus pasirinkimo prieigoje ir Maxo Weberio suprantančioje sociologijoje
The idea that the utilitarian explanation of social order is dead, established in Talcott Parsons' major work 'The Structure of Social Action', had been predominating among sociologists for a long time. Indeed, Parsons was commonly thought to be the one who buried the utilitarian explanation. The situation changed after the rise of Rational Choice Approach which could be called a neo-utilitarian social theory. It reanimated utilitarian explanatio…
Socialinės gerovės koncepcijos ir pilietybės renta kaip viešosios politikos orientyrai
The article provides a metatheoretical analysis of the ideas of social welfare and public policy goals recorded in the essential documents of the contemporary Lithuanian state. Two methods are applied: a hermeneutical-historical analysis of legal and political texts, and that of rational reconstruction, which is used to infer metatheoretical foundations of the value and normative statements expressed in these texts. The most important among them …
Rationales Handeln/Rationalität bei Weber und Esset im Vergleich
AuszugDen Vergleich, der im Titel des Aufsatzes angekündigt ist, muss ich mit der Feststellung beginnen, dass Weber mit den Begriffswörtern „rational“, „Rationalität“ usw. durchaus weniger sparsam umgeht als Esser, da er Rationalität nicht nur dem Handeln, sondern auch institutionellen „Ordnungen“, dem Staat, dem Recht, der Musik und anderen „Etwassen“ () zuschreibt. Esser verwendet diese Begriffe nur im Kontext seiner Handlungstheorie. Ich werde…
Why did estonia perform best? the north–south gap in the post-socialist economic transition of the baltic states
After more than a decade of post-socialist political and economic transformation one can distinguish two groups of transition countries–'successful' (with a consolidated liberal democracy and working market economy) and 'unsuccessful' cases. The first group is represented by the countries of Central Europe and the Baltic states, and the second by the Balkan countries and most of the former Soviet republics. Today, all three Baltic countries belon…
Troubles with Mechanisms
This paper discusses the prospect of the "new social history" guided by the recent work of Charles Tilly on the methodology of social and historical explanation. Tilly advocates explanation by mechanisms as the alternative to the covering law explanation. Tilly's proposals are considered to be the attempt to reshape the practices of social and historical explanation following the example set by the explanatory practices of molecular biology, neur…
Carl Schmitt as a Resource for Democratic Consolidation Studies
This article is a case study of the recent impeachment of President Paksas of Lithuania, exploring the heuristic value of Carl Schmitt's extremalist methodology for research on the institutional dimension of democratic consolidation. This methodology considers the performance of the democratic regime under extreme or exceptional conditions as the test of its consolidation. As presidential and semipresidential regimes are predisposed to evolve int…
When Ancient Lithuanian State Became an Empire and Ceased to Be It? An Answer to Lithuanian Question Using an Estonian Method
The article introduces a Lithuanian reader into the ideas of distinguished American-Estonian political scientist Rein Taagepera on comparative cliometrics of empires and uses them to detect main thresholds in the imperial history of ancient Lithuania. For this goal, its size-time integral (called in the paper Taagepera integral) was measured. It is used to calculate the maximum stable size (M), emergence (20% of M), adulthood (80% of M), failure …
"Telecast „Būtovės slėpiniai" without Cameras. Rec
Soziologische Erklärungen wirtschaftlicher Sachverhalte mit Weber
Die Frage einer soziologischen Erklärung wirtschaftlicher Sachverhalte durch (und mit) Max Weber setzt voraus, dass diese erstens ihrerseits von nicht-wirtschaftlichen abgegrenzt werden können und dass es zweitens eine spezifisch soziologische Art gibt, wirtschaftliche Sachverhalte zu erklären. Während die erste Annahme auch Weber selbstverständlich war, gilt das für die zweite nur mit Vorbehalten. Bis in die letzten Jahre seines Lebens verstand …
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