Tomas Frejka
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 252022 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Tomas Frejka |
| NOMBRES | Tomas |
| APELLIDO | Frejka |
| FIRMA | FREJKA T |
| AFILIACIONES | Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 34 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 503 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 34 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1967 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2018 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
The Two-Part Gender Revolution, Women's Second Shift and Changing Cohort Fertility
The two parts of the gender revolution have been evolving side by side at least since the 1960s. The first part, women's entry into the public sphere, proceeded faster than the second part, men's entry into the private sphere. Consequently, many employed mothers have carried a greater burden of paid and unpaid family support than fathers throughout the second half of the 20th century. This constituted women's 'second shift,' depressing fertility.…
The Fertility Transition Revisited
This paper deals with the fertility transition, one of the two essential components of the demographic transition. The analysis demonstrates that by applying the cohort perspective new insights are obtained about how the fertility transition unfolded. Within the overall framework of the fertility transition there were four distinct pathways of fertility trends. Combining these findings with those of other scholars shows that the demographic trans…
Fertility and Family Policies in Central and Eastern Europe after 1990
This paper examines fertility and family policies in 15 Central and East European (CEE) countries to establish firstly, likely directions of cohort fertility trends for the coming decade; and secondly, to provide an overview and analysis of family policies in CEE countries, and to assess their impact on cohort fertility trends. Demographic analysis suggests that the cohort fertility decline of the 1960s cohorts is likely to continue at least amon…
The Apparent Failure of Russia's Pronatalist Family Policies
Russia has a history of pronatalist policies dating back to the 1930s. Two sets of pronatalist measures were implemented during the past 40 years. The one designed in the early 1980s proved to be a clear failure. Instead of raising fertility, completed cohort fertility declined from 1.8 births per woman for the 1960 birth cohort to 1.6 for the 1968 cohort. The government of President Putin became concerned with the dire demographic conditions of …
Postponement and Recuperation in Cohort Fertility
Across developed countries, cohorts of women born after World War II have seen a shift of childbearing towards later ages and a concomitant decline in fertility level. We study this shift using the notions of fertility postponement (fertility decline at younger ages) and subsequent recuperation (a compensatory fertility increase at higher reproductive ages). We apply order-specific data and extend and elaborate on two broad approaches to this pro…
Ralph Richard Banks, Is Marriage for White People? How the African American Marriage Decline Affects Everyone
The Role of Contemporary Childbearing Postponement and Recuperation in Shaping Period Fertility Trends
This paper outlines a method that analyses how cohort and period childbearing postponement and recuperation (P&R) are reflected in total period fertility rate (TPFR) trends in low-fertility populations in recent decades. The method is rooted in the trailblazing ideas developed by Ryder (1951 and 1964), namely that childbearing P&R occurs in the life of individual women and can be summarised in the lifetime experiences of birth cohorts. Cohort chi…
East Asian Childbearing Patterns and Policy Developments
Childbearing behavior in East Asian countries has changed rapidly during the past half century from an average of five to seven children per family, to replacement-level fertility, and subsequently to unprecedentedly low levels, the lowest in the world. This article analyzes fertility trends in Hong Kong, Japan, singapore, south Korea, and Taiwan using cohort fertility data and methods, then examines social and economic causes of the childbearing…
Religion, Religiousness and Fertility in the US and in Europe
Overview Chapter 5
Societal conditions for early and high rates of childbearing were replaced by conditions generating late and low levels of fertility common in Western countries. Central among factors shaping the latter behaviour (job insecurity, unstable partnership r
Overview Chapter 3
Early in the 21st century modern contraception -- primarily hormonal methods, advanced IUDs, sterilization and condoms -- has become the main instrument of birth regulation in Northern and Western Europe and gaining ground in Southern Europe and the fo
Summary and general conclusions
European fertility early in the 21st century was at its lowest level since the Second World War. This study explores contemporary childbearing trends and policies in Europe, and gives detailed attention to the past two or three decades. We felt motivat
Overview Chapter 1
Early in the 21st century, three-quarters of Europeâ s population lived in countries with fertility considerably below replacement. This general conclusion is arrived at irrespective of whether period or cohort fertility measures are used. In Western an
Overview Chapter 2
By the end of the 20th century the two-child family became the norm throughout Europe. Between 40 and over 50 percent of women in the 1950s and 1960s cohorts had two children. There were some incipient signs that shares of two-child families were decli
Religiousness and Fertility among European Muslims
Based on official data on religion, national origin, and other indicators of ethnic origin, Muslim fertility in 13 European countries is higher than that for other women, but in most countries with trend data the differences are diminishing over time. Fertility varies by country of origin of immigrants. Various European survey data show that higher proportions of Muslim women are married and their commitment to traditional family values is greate…
Cohort birth order, parity progression ratio and parity distribution trends in developed countries
Major changes in childbearing patterns are continuously taking place in the majority of low-fertility populations with postponement being virtually universal. Almost everywhere the two-child family became dominant. Proportions of childless women and on
First birth trends in developed countries
Levels and trends of various facets concerning first births are continuously changing. The evidence confirms that the postponement of first births is an ongoing and persisting process which started in western countries among cohorts of the 1940s, but o
A note on the cohort-fertility analysis in the paper ‘Patterns of low and lowest-low fertility in Europe’, Population Studies 58(2)
Discussion of paper ‘Explanations of the fertility crisis in modern societies
Cohort Reproductive Patterns in Low-Fertility Countries
This account reports on a project in progress that aims to obtain a comprehensive picture of contemporary fertility levels and trends in 27 low-fertility countries. Cohort analysis is applied to review the fertility experience of women born from the 1930s through the 1970s. This choice of dates ensures that not only completed fertility but also the fertility patterns of women in the midst of or near the onset of their reproductive period are exam…
L'evolution du calendrier des naissances par generation dans les pays a basse fecondite a la fin du XXe siecle
Frejka T., Calot Gérard. L'évolution du calendrier des naissances par génération dans les pays à basse fécondité à la fin du XXe siècle. In: Population, 56e année, n°3, 2001. pp. 397-420
Cohort Reproductive Patterns in the Nordic Countries
Total fertility rates were declining from peaks experienced by early 1930s cohorts for 20 successive cohorts. The decline ceased among the 1950s and 1960s cohorts, because fertility deficits of young women were compensated with increased fertility when
Induced Abortion and Fertility
The role of induced abortion in modifying fertility-particularly in Eastern Europe, but also in some other parts of the world-is believed to be powerful. Pointing to the relatively high incidence of induced abortion in Eastern European countries, some observers even consider induced abortion to be the main factor regulating fertility in that region. ' Is this belief based on correct analysis? The long-term effect of induced abortion both in absol…
Long-Term Prospects for World Population Growth
It is estimated that world population will stabilize at 6-13 billion between the years 2000-2050. 4 projections are calculated to correspond to dates of estimated attainment of replacement level fertility: 1980-85 2000-05 2020-23 and 2040-45. Possible world growth rates for the year 2000 range from 1.0%-1.5% and by 2050 could be as low as 0.6%. The population of developed regions has a weak growth momentum; the population is projected to increase…
Fertility Trends and Policies
East Asian Childbearing Patterns and Policy Developments
Childbearing behavior in East Asian countries has changed rapidly during the past half century from an average of five to seven children per family, to replacement-level fertility, and subsequently to unprecedentedly low levels, the lowest in the world. This article analyzes fertility trends in Hong Kong, Japan, singapore, south Korea, and Taiwan using cohort fertility data and methods, then examines social and economic causes of the childbearing…
Cohort Reproductive Patterns in Low-Fertility Countries
This account reports on a project in progress that aims to obtain a comprehensive picture of contemporary fertility levels and trends in 27 low-fertility countries. Cohort analysis is applied to review the fertility experience of women born from the 1930s through the 1970s. This choice of dates ensures that not only completed fertility but also the fertility patterns of women in the midst of or near the onset of their reproductive period are exam…
Overview Chapter 1
Early in the 21st century, three-quarters of Europeâ s population lived in countries with fertility considerably below replacement. This general conclusion is arrived at irrespective of whether period or cohort fertility measures are used. In Western an
Religion, Religiousness and Fertility in the US and in Europe
Overview Chapter 5
Societal conditions for early and high rates of childbearing were replaced by conditions generating late and low levels of fertility common in Western countries. Central among factors shaping the latter behaviour (job insecurity, unstable partnership r
Overview Chapter 2
By the end of the 20th century the two-child family became the norm throughout Europe. Between 40 and over 50 percent of women in the 1950s and 1960s cohorts had two children. There were some incipient signs that shares of two-child families were decli
Fertility and Family Policies in Central and Eastern Europe after 1990
This paper examines fertility and family policies in 15 Central and East European (CEE) countries to establish firstly, likely directions of cohort fertility trends for the coming decade; and secondly, to provide an overview and analysis of family policies in CEE countries, and to assess their impact on cohort fertility trends. Demographic analysis suggests that the cohort fertility decline of the 1960s cohorts is likely to continue at least amon…
First birth trends in developed countries
Levels and trends of various facets concerning first births are continuously changing. The evidence confirms that the postponement of first births is an ongoing and persisting process which started in western countries among cohorts of the 1940s, but o
Cohort birth order, parity progression ratio and parity distribution trends in developed countries
Major changes in childbearing patterns are continuously taking place in the majority of low-fertility populations with postponement being virtually universal. Almost everywhere the two-child family became dominant. Proportions of childless women and on
Fertility Trends and Policies
The Apparent Failure of Russia's Pronatalist Family Policies
Russia has a history of pronatalist policies dating back to the 1930s. Two sets of pronatalist measures were implemented during the past 40 years. The one designed in the early 1980s proved to be a clear failure. Instead of raising fertility, completed cohort fertility declined from 1.8 births per woman for the 1960 birth cohort to 1.6 for the 1968 cohort. The government of President Putin became concerned with the dire demographic conditions of …
Induced Abortion and Fertility
The role of induced abortion in modifying fertility-particularly in Eastern Europe, but also in some other parts of the world-is believed to be powerful. Pointing to the relatively high incidence of induced abortion in Eastern European countries, some observers even consider induced abortion to be the main factor regulating fertility in that region. ' Is this belief based on correct analysis? The long-term effect of induced abortion both in absol…
Religiousness and Fertility among European Muslims
Based on official data on religion, national origin, and other indicators of ethnic origin, Muslim fertility in 13 European countries is higher than that for other women, but in most countries with trend data the differences are diminishing over time. Fertility varies by country of origin of immigrants. Various European survey data show that higher proportions of Muslim women are married and their commitment to traditional family values is greate…
Discussion of paper ‘Explanations of the fertility crisis in modern societies
Summary and general conclusions
European fertility early in the 21st century was at its lowest level since the Second World War. This study explores contemporary childbearing trends and policies in Europe, and gives detailed attention to the past two or three decades. We felt motivat
The Two-Part Gender Revolution, Women's Second Shift and Changing Cohort Fertility
The two parts of the gender revolution have been evolving side by side at least since the 1960s. The first part, women's entry into the public sphere, proceeded faster than the second part, men's entry into the private sphere. Consequently, many employed mothers have carried a greater burden of paid and unpaid family support than fathers throughout the second half of the 20th century. This constituted women's 'second shift,' depressing fertility.…
Cohort Reproductive Patterns in the Nordic Countries
Total fertility rates were declining from peaks experienced by early 1930s cohorts for 20 successive cohorts. The decline ceased among the 1950s and 1960s cohorts, because fertility deficits of young women were compensated with increased fertility when
The Fertility Transition Revisited
This paper deals with the fertility transition, one of the two essential components of the demographic transition. The analysis demonstrates that by applying the cohort perspective new insights are obtained about how the fertility transition unfolded. Within the overall framework of the fertility transition there were four distinct pathways of fertility trends. Combining these findings with those of other scholars shows that the demographic trans…
The Role of Contemporary Childbearing Postponement and Recuperation in Shaping Period Fertility Trends
This paper outlines a method that analyses how cohort and period childbearing postponement and recuperation (P&R) are reflected in total period fertility rate (TPFR) trends in low-fertility populations in recent decades. The method is rooted in the trailblazing ideas developed by Ryder (1951 and 1964), namely that childbearing P&R occurs in the life of individual women and can be summarised in the lifetime experiences of birth cohorts. Cohort chi…
Overview Chapter 3
Early in the 21st century modern contraception -- primarily hormonal methods, advanced IUDs, sterilization and condoms -- has become the main instrument of birth regulation in Northern and Western Europe and gaining ground in Southern Europe and the fo
Postponement and Recuperation in Cohort Fertility
Across developed countries, cohorts of women born after World War II have seen a shift of childbearing towards later ages and a concomitant decline in fertility level. We study this shift using the notions of fertility postponement (fertility decline at younger ages) and subsequent recuperation (a compensatory fertility increase at higher reproductive ages). We apply order-specific data and extend and elaborate on two broad approaches to this pro…
L'evolution du calendrier des naissances par generation dans les pays a basse fecondite a la fin du XXe siecle
Frejka T., Calot Gérard. L'évolution du calendrier des naissances par génération dans les pays à basse fécondité à la fin du XXe siècle. In: Population, 56e année, n°3, 2001. pp. 397-420
Reflections on the demographic conditions needed to establish a U.S. stationary population growth
It is assumed that in the long run U.S. population growth will have to cease, as otherwise life will become physically impossible. Various hypothetical possibilities of achieving such a type of development are investigated. Alternatives of reproduction rate trends are considered in terms of alternatives of interactions of assumed age-specific fertility and mortality trends and these are computed and evaluated. The various computations then indica…
Long-Term Prospects for World Population Growth
It is estimated that world population will stabilize at 6-13 billion between the years 2000-2050. 4 projections are calculated to correspond to dates of estimated attainment of replacement level fertility: 1980-85 2000-05 2020-23 and 2040-45. Possible world growth rates for the year 2000 range from 1.0%-1.5% and by 2050 could be as low as 0.6%. The population of developed regions has a weak growth momentum; the population is projected to increase…
The Development of the Industrial Distribution of the Labor Force in Czechoslovakia
Provides a summary of the results of research on typical trends in the industrial structure of the labor force in Czechoslovakia. Labor force structure in Czechoslovakia from 1921-1961 and from 1950-1964; Implication of the postwar development of the industrial structure of the Czechoslovakian labor force; Situation in different industries. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
Reflections on the demographic conditions needed to establish a U.S. stationary population growth
It is assumed that in the long run U.S. population growth will have to cease, as otherwise life will become physically impossible. Various hypothetical possibilities of achieving such a type of development are investigated. Alternatives of reproduction rate trends are considered in terms of alternatives of interactions of assumed age-specific fertility and mortality trends and these are computed and evaluated. The various computations then indica…
United States
The Future of Population Growth
The Future of Population Growth
The Future of Population Growth
The Future of Population Growth. Alternative Paths to Equilibrium
The Future of the Population Growth. Alternative Paths to Equilibrium
The Future of population growth: alternative paths to equilibrium , The Future of population growth: alternative paths to equilibrium , کتابخانه الکترونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا
The Decline of Fertility in Germany, 1871-1939
Fertility Trends and Policies
Long-Term Prospects for World Population Growth
It is estimated that world population will stabilize at 6-13 billion between the years 2000-2050. 4 projections are calculated to correspond to dates of estimated attainment of replacement level fertility: 1980-85 2000-05 2020-23 and 2040-45. Possible world growth rates for the year 2000 range from 1.0%-1.5% and by 2050 could be as low as 0.6%. The population of developed regions has a weak growth momentum; the population is projected to increase…
Induced Abortion and Fertility
The role of induced abortion in modifying fertility-particularly in Eastern Europe, but also in some other parts of the world-is believed to be powerful. Pointing to the relatively high incidence of induced abortion in Eastern European countries, some observers even consider induced abortion to be the main factor regulating fertility in that region. ' Is this belief based on correct analysis? The long-term effect of induced abortion both in absol…
Cohort Reproductive Patterns in Low-Fertility Countries
This account reports on a project in progress that aims to obtain a comprehensive picture of contemporary fertility levels and trends in 27 low-fertility countries. Cohort analysis is applied to review the fertility experience of women born from the 1930s through the 1970s. This choice of dates ensures that not only completed fertility but also the fertility patterns of women in the midst of or near the onset of their reproductive period are exam…
L'evolution du calendrier des naissances par generation dans les pays a basse fecondite a la fin du XXe siecle
Frejka T., Calot Gérard. L'évolution du calendrier des naissances par génération dans les pays à basse fécondité à la fin du XXe siècle. In: Population, 56e année, n°3, 2001. pp. 397-420
Cohort Reproductive Patterns in the Nordic Countries
Total fertility rates were declining from peaks experienced by early 1930s cohorts for 20 successive cohorts. The decline ceased among the 1950s and 1960s cohorts, because fertility deficits of young women were compensated with increased fertility when
Discussion of paper ‘Explanations of the fertility crisis in modern societies
A note on the cohort-fertility analysis in the paper ‘Patterns of low and lowest-low fertility in Europe’, Population Studies 58(2)
First birth trends in developed countries
Levels and trends of various facets concerning first births are continuously changing. The evidence confirms that the postponement of first births is an ongoing and persisting process which started in western countries among cohorts of the 1940s, but o
Religiousness and Fertility among European Muslims
Based on official data on religion, national origin, and other indicators of ethnic origin, Muslim fertility in 13 European countries is higher than that for other women, but in most countries with trend data the differences are diminishing over time. Fertility varies by country of origin of immigrants. Various European survey data show that higher proportions of Muslim women are married and their commitment to traditional family values is greate…
Cohort birth order, parity progression ratio and parity distribution trends in developed countries
Major changes in childbearing patterns are continuously taking place in the majority of low-fertility populations with postponement being virtually universal. Almost everywhere the two-child family became dominant. Proportions of childless women and on
Religion, Religiousness and Fertility in the US and in Europe
Overview Chapter 5
Societal conditions for early and high rates of childbearing were replaced by conditions generating late and low levels of fertility common in Western countries. Central among factors shaping the latter behaviour (job insecurity, unstable partnership r
Overview Chapter 3
Early in the 21st century modern contraception -- primarily hormonal methods, advanced IUDs, sterilization and condoms -- has become the main instrument of birth regulation in Northern and Western Europe and gaining ground in Southern Europe and the fo
Summary and general conclusions
European fertility early in the 21st century was at its lowest level since the Second World War. This study explores contemporary childbearing trends and policies in Europe, and gives detailed attention to the past two or three decades. We felt motivat
Overview Chapter 1
Early in the 21st century, three-quarters of Europeâ s population lived in countries with fertility considerably below replacement. This general conclusion is arrived at irrespective of whether period or cohort fertility measures are used. In Western an
Demography (31 obras) · Sociology (31 obras) · Population (30 obras) · Economics (27 obras) · Fertility (21 obras) · Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences (19 obras) · Geography (17 obras) · Demographic economics (15 obras) · Family Dynamics and Relationships (15 obras) · Political science (15 obras)