Nicholas Mays
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 253068 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Nicholas Mays |
| NOMBRES | Nicholas |
| APELLIDO | Mays |
| FIRMA | MAYS N |
| AFILIACIONES | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9808-8466 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 59 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 150 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 58 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1983 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Emergent ethics of xenotransplantation
The world’s first clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of xenotransplantation (XT), in which kidneys from genetically modified pigs are transplanted into human recipients, is underway. As the trial may bring XT closer to clinical reality, it is important to understand what the public make of XT and associated emerging technology. In this paper we share the findings of our research which examined how the public engages with the science…
Stakeholder views on the implementation of the UK’s Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) National Action Plan (2019–2024) in relation to AMR in the environment
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is an important component of One Health AMR research and is increasingly incorporated into AMR National Action Plans (NAPs), including the UK's AMR NAP 'Tackling antimicrobial resistance 2019-2024'. However, implementation of the environmental commitments has yet to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to understand UK stakeholder perspectives on the delivery and implementa…
Capturing the impact of integrated care
The evidence underpinning integrated care remains uncertain, with numerous examples of evaluations finding little robust evidence of intended impacts on health or reporting conflicting results. Reasons for this include problems with the design and implementation of integrated care initiatives and issues with integrated care evaluations themselves, such as lack of suitable comparator or poorly defined outcome measures. In this interactive workshop…
Cross-sector collaboration to reduce health inequalities
The major influences on cross-sector collaboration in England mirror key areas identified in international research, offering opportunities for learning between countries. But our data highlight the pervasive-frequently perverse-influence of national policy on local collaboration in England. National policymakers risked undermining their own reforms. Closer alignment between policy, process, and resources to reduce health inequalities is likely n…
Governing Integrated Health and Social Care
This study highlights that governance is relatively neglected as a focus of attention in this context but addressing governance challenges is key for successful collaboration
Who should pay for social care for older people in England? Results from surveys of public attitudes to the funding of adult social care
While debate on how best to pay for social care in England continues, information about public attitudes on this issue is limited. We asked representative samples of the public whether care costs for older people should be met by the state, met by the service user or shared between state and user. We used an online survey of people aged 18-75 (n = 3,000) and interview survey of people aged 65 and over (n = 466). Respondents were given four vignet…
A machine-learning approach to estimating public intentions to become a living kidney donor in England
Background: Living kidney organ donors offer a cost-effective alternative to deceased organ donation. They enable patients with life-threatening conditions to receive grafts that would otherwise not be available, thereby creating space for other patients waiting for organs and contributing to reducing overall waiting times for organs. There is an emerging consensus that an increase in living donation could contribute even more than deceased donat…
Do you see the problem? Visualising a generalised ‘complex local system’ of antibiotic prescribing across the United Kingdom using qualitative interview data
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is often referred to as a complex problem embedded in a complex system. Despite this insight, interventions in AMR, and in particular in antibiotic prescribing, tend to be narrowly focused on the behaviour of individual prescribers using the tools of performance monitoring and management rather than attempting to bring about more systemic change. In this paper, we aim to elucidate the nature of the local antibiotic …
Analysis of content and online public responses to media articles that raise awareness of the opt-out system of consent to organ donation in England
Background: Preceded by a national media campaign, in May 2020, England switched to a soft opt-out system of organ donation which rests on the assumption that individuals meeting specific criteria have consented to organ donation unless they have expressed otherwise. We aimed to learn more about how the changes were communicated, how people responded and any discrepancies between key messages and how they were interpreted by the public. Methods: …
How pharmaceutical and diagnostic stakeholders construct policy solutions to a public health ‘crisis’
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is often characterised as a ‘crisis’, requiring action by public, private, and third-sector stakeholders to achieve strategic change. Crisis narratives are powerful and may be co-opted to privilege solutions promoted by influential groups. In relation to AMR, this applies particularly to the pharmaceutical and medical diagnostics industries. Given the associated risk of inefficient use of public funds, critical atte…
Facilitators of, and barriers to, personalisation in care homes in England
The personalisation of residential care services is based on three broad principles of valuing personal identity, empowering resident decision-making and fostering care relationships. We analysed 50 Care Quality Commission care home inspection reports to identify factors that the reports indicate facilitate or hinder the delivery of personalised residential care in England. Findings suggest that the provision of personalised services is affected …
The sociocultural framing of public attitudes to sharing the costs of social care for older people in England
Twelve synchronous online focus groups were conducted, each involving four to six members of the general public who had expressed in-principle support for sharing the costs of social care for older people between service users and government. These explored participants' reasons for preferring a shared approach and their views on how costs should be shared, with particular attention given to the sociocultural frames employed. Four main sociocultu…
National policy piloting as steering at a distance
This article contributes to the literature on tools of governance by examining the role of national policy pilots from the perspective of local implementers, using interviews with directors of adult social services in elected local government in England. Previous research in the same settings has shown that local actors often find the experience of participating in national policy pilots frustrating. This article attempts to explain why local aut…
The impacts of collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations and factors shaping how they work
The case for developing a cohesive systems approach to research across unhealthy commodity industries
OBJECTIVES: Most non-communicable diseases are preventable and largely driven by the consumption of harmful products, such as tobacco, alcohol, gambling and ultra-processed food and drink products, collectively termed unhealthy commodities. This paper explores the links between unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs), analyses the extent of alignment across their corporate political strategies, and proposes a cohesive systems approach to research a…
Integrated Care in England – what can we Learn from a Decade of National Pilot Programmes
Pilots in all three national programmes made some headway against their objectives but were limited in their impact on unplanned hospital admissions
Public preferences for paying for social care in later life in England
There is ongoing debate about how the funding system for social care of older people in England should best be reformed. We investigated how public attitudes to individual and state responsibility for paying for social care in later life vary with demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Four vignettes of individuals in need of home care or residential care with varying levels of savings, income and housing wealth were presented to a sampl…
Views of health care professionals and policy-makers on the use of surveillance data to combat antimicrobial resistance
There is a need to raise awareness of data availability and the potential value of these data, and to ensure that data systems are more accessible. Any skills gap at local level in how to process and use data needs to be addressed. This requires an identification of the best methods to improve support and education relating to AMR data systems
What is public trust in the healthcare system? A new conceptual framework developed from qualitative data in England
Road to Nowhere? A Critical Consideration of the Use of the Metaphor 'Care Pathway' in Health Services Planning, Organisation and Delivery
Metaphors are inescapable in human discourse. Policy researchers have suggested that the use of particular metaphors by those implementing policy changes both influences perceptions of underlying reality and determines what solutions seem possible, and that exploring 'practice languages' is important in understanding how policy is enacted. This paper contributes to the literature exploring the generative nature of metaphors in policy implementati…
The dark side of coproduction
BACKGROUND: Coproduction, a collaborative model of research that includes stakeholders in the research process, has been widely advocated as a means of facilitating research use and impact. We summarise the arguments in favour of coproduction, the different approaches to establishing coproductive work and their costs, and offer some advice as to when and how to consider coproduction. DEBATE: Despite the multiplicity of reasons and incentives to c…
Evaluating direct payments in residential care
This article reports findings from the evaluation of the Direct Payments in Residential Care Trailblazers in England (2014–16). It focuses on the perspective of residential care providers on implementing direct payments, which aimed to improve the level of choice and control over care available to their residents. The article explores the views of providers, using interviews and survey responses of care home managers and owners. Concerns expresse…
Funding and planning for social care in later life
This study examined people's perceptions and behaviours in relation to planning for their social care needs, and their values and priorities concerning how social care should be funded. Eight deliberative focus groups were conducted in May 2018 with 53 participants, aged 25-82 years, in London, Manchester and rural locations near York and Sheffield. Multiple uncertainties created barriers to planning for social care needs including not knowing ho…
The Public Health Responsibility Deal
The extent to which government should partner with business interests such as the alcohol, food, and other industries in order to improve public health is a subject of ongoing debate. A common approach involves developing voluntary agreements with industry or allowing them to self-regulate. In England, the most recent example of this was the Public Health Responsibility Deal (RD), a public−private partnership launched in 2011 under the then Conse…
How the food, beverage and alcohol industries presented the Public Health Responsibility Deal in UK print and online media reports
The Public Health Responsibility Deal (RD) in England is a public–private partnership between government, industry and other stakeholders aiming to improve public health in four key areas: food, alcohol, health at work and physical activity. Wider literature shows that industry engages in framing of public health policy problems, solutions and its role in solutions that is favourable to its interests. As part of an evaluation of the RD, we conduc…
The Multiple Purposes of Policy Piloting and Their Consequences
In England, policy piloting has become firmly established in almost all areas of public policy and is seen as good practice in establishing 'what works'. However, equating piloting with evaluation can risk oversimplifying the relationship between piloting and policy-making.Using three case studies from health and social care - the Partnerships for Older People Projects (POPP) pilots, the Individual Budgets pilots and the Whole System Demonstrator…
The spatial politics of place and health policy
Continuity through change
Policy experiments
In England, ‘policy experiments’ are largely synonymous with the use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to test whether one policy ‘works’ better than another. While advocacy of the use of RCTs in public policy presents this as relatively straightforward, even common sense, the reality is different, as shown through analysis of three high profile policy pilots and their evaluations undertaken in health and social care in England in the mid/la…
Interregional variations in measures of health from the Health and Lifestyle Survey and their relation with indicators of health care need in England
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to assess the extent to which a range of routinely available need indicators which have been suggested for use in NHS spatial resource allocation formulas were associated geographically in England with the different dimensions of population health status collected in the 1985/86 Health and Lifestyle Survey (HLS). DESIGN--Regional health authorities were ranked according to each of the HLS health variables which varied…
National policy piloting as steering at a distance
This article contributes to the literature on tools of governance by examining the role of national policy pilots from the perspective of local implementers, using interviews with directors of adult social services in elected local government in England. Previous research in the same settings has shown that local actors often find the experience of participating in national policy pilots frustrating. This article attempts to explain why local aut…
Policy learning from abroad
This article explores the process of policy learning from abroad from a knowledge utilisation perspective, using examples of health policy making in the Department of Health in England. It argues that information about policy abroad is often heterogeneous and difficult to obtain systematically and therefore does not fit easily with notions of evidence-based policy making. While some officials interviewed for this study did regard policy examples …
Towards a broader conceptualisation of ‘public trust’ in the health care system
Relation between all cause standardised mortality ratios and two indices of deprivation at regional and district level in England
The use of mortality data in the form of standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) to measure the need for health care resources in the Resource Allocation Working Party (RAWP) formula in England has been criticised for underestimating the wider effects of adverse socioeconomic conditions on need, particularly in inner city areas. To assess this criticism, we explored the relationships at NHS Regional and District levels in England between two indicat…
Devolution and Patient Choice
Background: market reforms in England have been identified as making a clear distinction between English health policy and health policy in the devolved systems in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Patient choice is a high profile policy in the English National Health Service that constitutes significant changes to the demand side of health care. It is not clear what national differences this has led to regarding implementation of policy. Thi…
A successful mix of hierarchy and collaboration? Interpreting the 2001 reform of the governance of the New Zealand public health system
This article analyses the relationship between different modes of accountability in New Zealand's publicly funded health sector since 2001. It adopts a 'multiple modes of governance' framework, drawing on the findings of an evaluation of health system restructuring conducted between 2001 and 2005. In broad terms, governance of the health system has moved from a combination of hierarchy and market to a mixture of hierarchy and collaboration. This …
Reconciling Two Conflicting Tales of the English Health Policy Process Since 1997
Public preferences for paying for social care in later life in England
There is ongoing debate about how the funding system for social care of older people in England should best be reformed. We investigated how public attitudes to individual and state responsibility for paying for social care in later life vary with demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Four vignettes of individuals in need of home care or residential care with varying levels of savings, income and housing wealth were presented to a sampl…
What is public trust in the healthcare system? A new conceptual framework developed from qualitative data in England
Integrated care
Over the past decade, discussion of integrated care has become more widespread and prominent in both high- and low-income health care systems (LMICs). The trend reflects the mismatch between an increasing burden of chronic disease and local health care systems which are still largely focused on hospital-based treatment of individual clinical episodes and also the long-standing proliferation of vertical donor-funded disease-specific programmes in …
Understanding NHS Policy Making in England
Research Highlights and Abstract The article investigates which of two competing accounts of contemporary British policy making better captures the nature of policy making during episodes of major reform of the English NHS. The analysis of the formulation of the English NHS Plan 2000 suggests that the Asymmetric Power Model better describes the reality of NHS policy making under New Labour than the Differentiated Polity Model. Although the proces…
Road to Nowhere? A Critical Consideration of the Use of the Metaphor 'Care Pathway' in Health Services Planning, Organisation and Delivery
Metaphors are inescapable in human discourse. Policy researchers have suggested that the use of particular metaphors by those implementing policy changes both influences perceptions of underlying reality and determines what solutions seem possible, and that exploring 'practice languages' is important in understanding how policy is enacted. This paper contributes to the literature exploring the generative nature of metaphors in policy implementati…
Can existing theories of health care reform explain the Greek case (1983—2001)
Greece has enacted three major health care reforms since the National Health System (NHS) was established in 1983. These reforms were designed to improve the system's ability to realize its founding principles of equity and efficiency in the delivery and financing of health services. This article presents an early report of ongoing doctoral research that aims to examine the relative influence of medical professional organizations versus other int…
The Evaluation of Complex Health Policy
The last five years have witnessed the increasing use of evaluated pilot programmes as a way of developing health services policy in the UK. Total purchasing was the first major quasi-market development in the National Health Service to be independently evaluated from the outset. The initiative allowed local, volunteer pilots considerable freedom to implement extensions to existing arrangements for general practitioner budget holding for speciali…
Elderly South Asians in Britain
The number of elderly Commonwealth South Asian immigrants in Britain originating from the Indian sub-continent will grow substantially in the next few years, yet there has been little consideration of this group in terms of academic social research. Indeed, welfare agencies are only beginning to become aware of the possible needs of this group. A survey of the scanty British literature on elderly ethnic minorities reveals the paucity of existing …
Policy–research linkage
In this paper we reflect on our experience of providing a rapid response facility for international healthcare policy comparisons to the English Department of Health. We examine the challenges of developing sustained relationships with policy officials while providing an ‘on-demand’ service in an environment with high turnover of policies and staff. It may be easier for policy makers to draw on researchers in such a setting than for researchers t…
Measuring Need in the National Health Service Resource Allocation Formula
All methods of dividing public expenditure between competing claims become contentious, particularly when they rely on social indicators of need. The Resource Allocation Working Party (RAW) formula devised in 1976 for distributing National Health Service financial resources fairly between different parts of England relies on the size, age/sex structure and mortality rates (in the form of standardized mortality ratios – SMRS) of populations as com…
Governing Integrated Health and Social Care
This study highlights that governance is relatively neglected as a focus of attention in this context but addressing governance challenges is key for successful collaboration
The sociocultural framing of public attitudes to sharing the costs of social care for older people in England
Twelve synchronous online focus groups were conducted, each involving four to six members of the general public who had expressed in-principle support for sharing the costs of social care for older people between service users and government. These explored participants' reasons for preferring a shared approach and their views on how costs should be shared, with particular attention given to the sociocultural frames employed. Four main sociocultu…
Will Direct Payments Make Adult Residential Care more Personalized? Views and Experiences of Social Care Staff in the Direct Payments in Residential Care Trailblazers
Direct payments, i.e. cash payments made directly to the individual in lieu of social care services, have become an established option in council‐funded domiciliary care as a means to better personalize care and support. As part of its agenda to modernize social care, the Government tested their use in long‐term residential care in 18 trailblazing councils in England. This article presents findings from the independent evaluation of this initiati…
Elderly South Asians in Britain
The number of elderly Commonwealth South Asian immigrants in Britain originating from the Indian sub-continent will grow substantially in the next few years, yet there has been little consideration of this group in terms of academic social research. Indeed, welfare agencies are only beginning to become aware of the possible needs of this group. A survey of the scanty British literature on elderly ethnic minorities reveals the paucity of existing …
Measuring Need in the National Health Service Resource Allocation Formula
All methods of dividing public expenditure between competing claims become contentious, particularly when they rely on social indicators of need. The Resource Allocation Working Party (RAW) formula devised in 1976 for distributing National Health Service financial resources fairly between different parts of England relies on the size, age/sex structure and mortality rates (in the form of standardized mortality ratios – SMRS) of populations as com…
Paying the Hospital
Relation between all cause standardised mortality ratios and two indices of deprivation at regional and district level in England
The use of mortality data in the form of standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) to measure the need for health care resources in the Resource Allocation Working Party (RAWP) formula in England has been criticised for underestimating the wider effects of adverse socioeconomic conditions on need, particularly in inner city areas. To assess this criticism, we explored the relationships at NHS Regional and District levels in England between two indicat…
Health services research in a cold climate
Clout and credibility? The new director of research and development in the department of healthd
Interregional variations in measures of health from the Health and Lifestyle Survey and their relation with indicators of health care need in England
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to assess the extent to which a range of routinely available need indicators which have been suggested for use in NHS spatial resource allocation formulas were associated geographically in England with the different dimensions of population health status collected in the 1985/86 Health and Lifestyle Survey (HLS). DESIGN--Regional health authorities were ranked according to each of the HLS health variables which varied…
What are the effects of integration in the NI health and personal social services
Patients, Policies and Politics
Qualitative Research
Various strategies are available within qualitative research to protect against bias and enhance the reliability of findings. This paper gives examples of the principal approaches and summarises them into a methodological checklist to help readers of reports of qualitative projects to assess the quality of the research. In the health field--with its strong tradition of biomedical research using conventional, quantitative, and often experimental m…
Qualitative research in health care
This is the first in a series of three articles In the past decade, qualitative methods have become more commonplace in areas such as health services research and health technology assessment, and there has been a corresponding rise in the reporting of qualitative research studies in medical and related journals.1 Interest in these methods and their wider exposure in health research has led to necessary scrutiny of qualitative research. Researche…
The Evaluation of Complex Health Policy
The last five years have witnessed the increasing use of evaluated pilot programmes as a way of developing health services policy in the UK. Total purchasing was the first major quasi-market development in the National Health Service to be independently evaluated from the outset. The initiative allowed local, volunteer pilots considerable freedom to implement extensions to existing arrangements for general practitioner budget holding for speciali…
Systematically reviewing qualitative and quantitative evidence to inform management and policy-making in the health field
Policy-makers and managers have always used a wide range of sources of evidence in making decisions about policy and the organization of services. However, they are under increasing pressure to adopt a more systematic approach to the utilization of the complex evidence base. Decision-makers must address complicated questions about the nature and significance of the problem to be addressed; the nature of proposed interventions; their differential …
Continuity through change
Qualitative Research in Health Care
This fully revised and updated edition of Qualitative Research in Health Care offers a clear and accessible introduction to conducting and interpreting qualitative research, incorporating new examples, references and chapters relevant for a comprehensive introduction to the subject. New chapters and references include: • Synthesising qualitative research • Secondary analysis of primary data • Ethical issues • Mixed research methods and integratin…
Reconciling Two Conflicting Tales of the English Health Policy Process Since 1997
Can existing theories of health care reform explain the Greek case (1983—2001)
Greece has enacted three major health care reforms since the National Health System (NHS) was established in 1983. These reforms were designed to improve the system's ability to realize its founding principles of equity and efficiency in the delivery and financing of health services. This article presents an early report of ongoing doctoral research that aims to examine the relative influence of medical professional organizations versus other int…
Involvement of Ministries of Health in Health Service Coverage Decisions
This article examines the involvement of ministries of health in making health service coverage decisions in Denmark, England, France and Germany. The study aims to inform debate in England about the feasibility of reducing perceived ministerial and bureaucratic ‘interference’ in decisions affecting the National Health Service, based on interviews with senior government officials and other health system stakeholders. Ministries of health differ i…
A successful mix of hierarchy and collaboration? Interpreting the 2001 reform of the governance of the New Zealand public health system
This article analyses the relationship between different modes of accountability in New Zealand's publicly funded health sector since 2001. It adopts a 'multiple modes of governance' framework, drawing on the findings of an evaluation of health system restructuring conducted between 2001 and 2005. In broad terms, governance of the health system has moved from a combination of hierarchy and market to a mixture of hierarchy and collaboration. This …
Devolution and Patient Choice
Background: market reforms in England have been identified as making a clear distinction between English health policy and health policy in the devolved systems in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Patient choice is a high profile policy in the English National Health Service that constitutes significant changes to the demand side of health care. It is not clear what national differences this has led to regarding implementation of policy. Thi…
PS17 Commissioning Care for People with Long Term Conditions
Background The landscape of health care commissioning is being reshaped in England, as clinical commissioning groups prepare to take on the role now held by Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). Long term conditions are likely to remain a priority area, with concerns about increasing prevalence driving a shift towards care delivered in the community and early intervention to avoid hospitalisation. We report on a NIHR-funded study which used action research…
Policy learning from abroad
This article explores the process of policy learning from abroad from a knowledge utilisation perspective, using examples of health policy making in the Department of Health in England. It argues that information about policy abroad is often heterogeneous and difficult to obtain systematically and therefore does not fit easily with notions of evidence-based policy making. While some officials interviewed for this study did regard policy examples …
Policy–research linkage
In this paper we reflect on our experience of providing a rapid response facility for international healthcare policy comparisons to the English Department of Health. We examine the challenges of developing sustained relationships with policy officials while providing an ‘on-demand’ service in an environment with high turnover of policies and staff. It may be easier for policy makers to draw on researchers in such a setting than for researchers t…
Understanding NHS Policy Making in England
Research Highlights and Abstract The article investigates which of two competing accounts of contemporary British policy making better captures the nature of policy making during episodes of major reform of the English NHS. The analysis of the formulation of the English NHS Plan 2000 suggests that the Asymmetric Power Model better describes the reality of NHS policy making under New Labour than the Differentiated Polity Model. Although the proces…
Policy experiments
In England, ‘policy experiments’ are largely synonymous with the use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to test whether one policy ‘works’ better than another. While advocacy of the use of RCTs in public policy presents this as relatively straightforward, even common sense, the reality is different, as shown through analysis of three high profile policy pilots and their evaluations undertaken in health and social care in England in the mid/la…
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