James B Kirby
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 254529 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | James B Kirby |
| NOMBRES | James B |
| APELLIDO | Kirby |
| FIRMA | KIRBY J B |
| AFILIACIONES | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8491-6072 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 24 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 229 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 24 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2001 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 8 |
Association of Health Insurance Coverage Disruptions With Mortality Risk Among US Working-Age Adults
This cohort study assesses associations of a prior coverage disruption with mortality risk among large, nationally representative cohorts of working-age adults with public or private health insurance coverage
The Relationship Between States’ Immigrant-Related Policies and Access to Health Care Among Children of Immigrants
The ACA’s Zero Cost-Sharing Mandate and Trends in Out-of-Pocket Expenditures on Well-Child and Screening Mammography Visits
BACKGROUND: Starting in September of 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act required most health insurance policies to cover evidence-based preventive care with no cost-sharing (no copays, coinsurance, or deductibles). It is unknown, however, whether declines in out-of-pocket costs for preventive services are large enough to prompt increases in utilization, the ultimate goal of the policy. METHODS: In this study, we use a nationally…
Race, Place, and Obesity
Objectives. We explored the association between community racial/ethnic composition and obesity risk. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we used nationally representative data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to geographic data from the US Decennial Census and Census Business Pattern data. Results. Living in communities with a high Hispanic concentration (≥ 25%) was associated with a 0.55 and 0.42 increase in body mass index …
Health Care Access and Perceptions of Provider Care Among Individuals in Same-Sex Couples
We compared individuals in same-sex couples to those in different-sex married couples on various health care indicators using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Compared to individuals in different-sex married couples, individuals in same-sex couples were more likely to report difficulty seeing specialists, getting medical care when needed, and delays getting necessary prescription drugs. They were also more likely to report dissatisfaction wi…
Unhealthy and uninsured
Millions of people in the United States do not have health insurance, and wide racial and ethnic disparities exist in coverage. Current research provides a limited description of this problem, focusing on the number or proportion of individuals without insurance at a single time point or for a short period. Moreover, the literature provides no sense of the joint risk of being uninsured and in need of medical care. In this article, we use a life t…
Living Arrangement and Colorectal Cancer Screening
In a recent article,1 we examined the relationship between living arrangement and preventive care use among community-dwelling persons aged 65 years and older in the United States by analyzing the 2002–2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Of the 6 preventive services examined, we defined adherence to recommended colorectal cancer screening (either fecal occult blood test within the past year or sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years) according t…
The Relationship Between Living Arrangement and Preventive Care Use Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons
Objectives. We sought to examine the relationship between living arrangements and obtaining preventive care among the elderly population. Methods. We obtained data on 13 038 community-dwelling elderly persons from the 2002 to 2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and used multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the likelihood of preventive care use among elderly persons in 4 living arrangements: living alone (38%), living with one's s…
Using Instrumental Variable Tests to Evaluate Model Specification in Latent Variable Structural Equation Models
Structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables is a powerful tool for social and behavioral scientists, combining many of the strengths of psychometrics and econometrics into a single framework. The most common estimator for SEM is the full-information maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, but there is continuing interest in limited information estimators because of their distributional robustness and their greater resistance to structural…
Poor People, Poor Places and Access to Health Care in the United States
Research suggests that community-level poverty is associated with access to health care net of individual-level characteristics, but no research investigates whether this association differs by individual-level income. Using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys, the U.S. Census Bureau and the Health Resource and Services Administration, I find that the negative relationship between the prevalence of poverty in communities and access to…
An Empirical Evaluation of the Use of Fixed Cutoff Points in RMSEA Test Statistic in Structural Equation Models
This article is an empirical evaluation of the choice of fixed cutoff points in assessing the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) test statistic as a measure of goodness-of-fit in Structural Equation Models. Using simulation data, the authors first examine whether there is any empirical evidence for the use of a universal cutoff, and then compare the practice of using the point estimate of the RMSEA alone versus that of using it joint…
Latent Variable Models Under Misspecification
This article compares maximum likelihood (ML) estimation to three variants of two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation in structural equation models. The authors use models that are both correctly and incorrectly specified. Simulated data are used to assess bias, efficiency, and accuracy of hypothesis tests. Generally, 2SLS with reduced sets of instrumental variables performs similarly to ML when models are correctly specified. Under correct spe…
Explaining Racial and Ethnic Differences in Children's Use of Stimulant Medications
OBJECTIVES: To document and explain racial/ethnic differences in the use of stimulant drugs among US children. DATA AND METHODS: We use a nationally representative sample of children ages 5-17 years old from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for the years 2000-2002. We estimate race-specific means and regressions to highlight differences across groups in individual/family characteristics that may affect stimulant use and differences in …
Access to Health Care for Nonmetro and Metro Latinos of Mexican Origin in the United States
BACKGROUND: A growing number of Latinos are moving to nonmetro areas, but little research has examined how this trend might affect the Latino-disadvantage in access to healthcare. OBJECTIVE: We investigate health care access disparities between non-Latino whites and Latinos of Mexican origin, and whether the disparities differ between metro and nonmetro areas. METHODS: A series of logistic regression models provide insight on whether individuals …
Explaining Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
OBJECTIVES: The substantial racial and ethnic disparities in access to and use of health services are well documented. A number of studies highlight factors such as health insurance coverage and socioeconomic differences that explain some of the differences between groups, but much remains unexplained. We build on this previous research by incorporating additional factors such as attitudes about health care and neighborhood characteristics, as we…
From Single-Parent Families to Stepfamilies
This study addresses two questions: Is stepfamily formation associated with the likelihood that adolescents will initiate alcohol use, and if so, does this association differ by the type of single-parent families from which adolescents move or the type of stepfamilies to which they move? The author found that adolescents who moved to stepfamilies from single-parent families had an elevated risk of initiating alcohol use. A transition from a divor…
Access to Health Care
Many Americans do not have access to adequate medical care. Previous research on this problem focuses primarily on individual-level determinants of access such as income and insurance coverage. The role of community-level factors in helping or hindering individuals in obtaining needed medical care, however, has not received much attention. We address this gap in the literature by investigating the association between neighborhood residential inst…
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Access to Health Care
Most research on access to health care focuses on individual-level determinants such as income and insurance coverage. The role of community-level factors in helping or hindering individuals in obtaining needed care, however, has not received much attention. We address this gap in the literature by examining how neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with access to health care. We find that living in disadvantaged neighborhoods red…
Has the Increase in HMO Enrollment Within the Medicaid Population Changed the Pattern of Health Service Use and Expenditures
Objective. To describe changes in health services use and expenditures within the Medicaid population between 1987 and 1997 and to estimate the extent to which the increase in Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) enrollment has influenced these changes. Subjects. Individuals under the age of 65 years in the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey and the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey enrolled in Medicaid the entire year. Research Design…
Finite Sampling Properties of the Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals of the RMSEA
A key advantage of the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is that under certain assumptions, the sample estimate has a known sampling distribution that allows for the computation of confidence intervals. However, little is known about the finite sampling behaviors of this measure under violations of these ideal asymptotic conditions. This information is critical for developing optimal criteria for using the RMSEA to evaluate model fi…
The Noncentral Chi-square Distribution in Misspecified Structural Equation Models
The noncentral chi-square distribution plays a key role in structural equation modeling (SEM). The likelihood ratio test statistic that accompanies virtually all SEMs asymptotically follows a noncentral chi-square under certain assumptions relating to misspecification and multivariate distribution. Many scholars use the noncentral chi-square distribution in the construction of fit indices, such as Steiger and Lind's (1980) Root Mean Square Error …
The Influence of Parental Separation on Smoking Initiation in Adolescents
Most adult smokers start smoking when they are adolescents and, the prevalence of smoking declines less than other unhealthy behaviors as people mature. Understanding why adolescents start smoking is, therefore, key to developing effective policy aimed at lowering the prevalence of smoking in both children and adults. In this study, I suggest that parental separation is one possible risk factor for smoking initiation. I use a nationally represent…
Exposure, resistance, and recovery
Improper Solutions in Structural Equation Models
In this article, the authors examine the most common type of improper solutions: zero or negative error variances. They address the causes of, consequences of, and strategies to handle these issues. Several hypotheses are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation models, including two structural equation models with several misspecifications of each model. Results suggested several unique findings. First, increasing numbers of omitted paths in the m…
An Empirical Evaluation of the Use of Fixed Cutoff Points in RMSEA Test Statistic in Structural Equation Models
This article is an empirical evaluation of the choice of fixed cutoff points in assessing the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) test statistic as a measure of goodness-of-fit in Structural Equation Models. Using simulation data, the authors first examine whether there is any empirical evidence for the use of a universal cutoff, and then compare the practice of using the point estimate of the RMSEA alone versus that of using it joint…
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Access to Health Care
Most research on access to health care focuses on individual-level determinants such as income and insurance coverage. The role of community-level factors in helping or hindering individuals in obtaining needed care, however, has not received much attention. We address this gap in the literature by examining how neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with access to health care. We find that living in disadvantaged neighborhoods red…
Improper Solutions in Structural Equation Models
In this article, the authors examine the most common type of improper solutions: zero or negative error variances. They address the causes of, consequences of, and strategies to handle these issues. Several hypotheses are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation models, including two structural equation models with several misspecifications of each model. Results suggested several unique findings. First, increasing numbers of omitted paths in the m…
Health Care Access and Perceptions of Provider Care Among Individuals in Same-Sex Couples
We compared individuals in same-sex couples to those in different-sex married couples on various health care indicators using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Compared to individuals in different-sex married couples, individuals in same-sex couples were more likely to report difficulty seeing specialists, getting medical care when needed, and delays getting necessary prescription drugs. They were also more likely to report dissatisfaction wi…
Access to Health Care
Many Americans do not have access to adequate medical care. Previous research on this problem focuses primarily on individual-level determinants of access such as income and insurance coverage. The role of community-level factors in helping or hindering individuals in obtaining needed medical care, however, has not received much attention. We address this gap in the literature by investigating the association between neighborhood residential inst…
The Influence of Parental Separation on Smoking Initiation in Adolescents
Most adult smokers start smoking when they are adolescents and, the prevalence of smoking declines less than other unhealthy behaviors as people mature. Understanding why adolescents start smoking is, therefore, key to developing effective policy aimed at lowering the prevalence of smoking in both children and adults. In this study, I suggest that parental separation is one possible risk factor for smoking initiation. I use a nationally represent…
Unhealthy and uninsured
Millions of people in the United States do not have health insurance, and wide racial and ethnic disparities exist in coverage. Current research provides a limited description of this problem, focusing on the number or proportion of individuals without insurance at a single time point or for a short period. Moreover, the literature provides no sense of the joint risk of being uninsured and in need of medical care. In this article, we use a life t…
Race, Place, and Obesity
Objectives. We explored the association between community racial/ethnic composition and obesity risk. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we used nationally representative data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to geographic data from the US Decennial Census and Census Business Pattern data. Results. Living in communities with a high Hispanic concentration (≥ 25%) was associated with a 0.55 and 0.42 increase in body mass index …
The Relationship Between Living Arrangement and Preventive Care Use Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons
Objectives. We sought to examine the relationship between living arrangements and obtaining preventive care among the elderly population. Methods. We obtained data on 13 038 community-dwelling elderly persons from the 2002 to 2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and used multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the likelihood of preventive care use among elderly persons in 4 living arrangements: living alone (38%), living with one's s…
Finite Sampling Properties of the Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals of the RMSEA
A key advantage of the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is that under certain assumptions, the sample estimate has a known sampling distribution that allows for the computation of confidence intervals. However, little is known about the finite sampling behaviors of this measure under violations of these ideal asymptotic conditions. This information is critical for developing optimal criteria for using the RMSEA to evaluate model fi…
Poor People, Poor Places and Access to Health Care in the United States
Research suggests that community-level poverty is associated with access to health care net of individual-level characteristics, but no research investigates whether this association differs by individual-level income. Using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys, the U.S. Census Bureau and the Health Resource and Services Administration, I find that the negative relationship between the prevalence of poverty in communities and access to…
Using Instrumental Variable Tests to Evaluate Model Specification in Latent Variable Structural Equation Models
Structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables is a powerful tool for social and behavioral scientists, combining many of the strengths of psychometrics and econometrics into a single framework. The most common estimator for SEM is the full-information maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, but there is continuing interest in limited information estimators because of their distributional robustness and their greater resistance to structural…
Latent Variable Models Under Misspecification
This article compares maximum likelihood (ML) estimation to three variants of two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation in structural equation models. The authors use models that are both correctly and incorrectly specified. Simulated data are used to assess bias, efficiency, and accuracy of hypothesis tests. Generally, 2SLS with reduced sets of instrumental variables performs similarly to ML when models are correctly specified. Under correct spe…
From Single-Parent Families to Stepfamilies
This study addresses two questions: Is stepfamily formation associated with the likelihood that adolescents will initiate alcohol use, and if so, does this association differ by the type of single-parent families from which adolescents move or the type of stepfamilies to which they move? The author found that adolescents who moved to stepfamilies from single-parent families had an elevated risk of initiating alcohol use. A transition from a divor…
Living Arrangement and Colorectal Cancer Screening
In a recent article,1 we examined the relationship between living arrangement and preventive care use among community-dwelling persons aged 65 years and older in the United States by analyzing the 2002–2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Of the 6 preventive services examined, we defined adherence to recommended colorectal cancer screening (either fecal occult blood test within the past year or sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years) according t…
Exposure, resistance, and recovery
Improper Solutions in Structural Equation Models
In this article, the authors examine the most common type of improper solutions: zero or negative error variances. They address the causes of, consequences of, and strategies to handle these issues. Several hypotheses are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation models, including two structural equation models with several misspecifications of each model. Results suggested several unique findings. First, increasing numbers of omitted paths in the m…
The Noncentral Chi-square Distribution in Misspecified Structural Equation Models
The noncentral chi-square distribution plays a key role in structural equation modeling (SEM). The likelihood ratio test statistic that accompanies virtually all SEMs asymptotically follows a noncentral chi-square under certain assumptions relating to misspecification and multivariate distribution. Many scholars use the noncentral chi-square distribution in the construction of fit indices, such as Steiger and Lind's (1980) Root Mean Square Error …
The Influence of Parental Separation on Smoking Initiation in Adolescents
Most adult smokers start smoking when they are adolescents and, the prevalence of smoking declines less than other unhealthy behaviors as people mature. Understanding why adolescents start smoking is, therefore, key to developing effective policy aimed at lowering the prevalence of smoking in both children and adults. In this study, I suggest that parental separation is one possible risk factor for smoking initiation. I use a nationally represent…
Has the Increase in HMO Enrollment Within the Medicaid Population Changed the Pattern of Health Service Use and Expenditures
Objective. To describe changes in health services use and expenditures within the Medicaid population between 1987 and 1997 and to estimate the extent to which the increase in Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) enrollment has influenced these changes. Subjects. Individuals under the age of 65 years in the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey and the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey enrolled in Medicaid the entire year. Research Design…
Finite Sampling Properties of the Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals of the RMSEA
A key advantage of the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is that under certain assumptions, the sample estimate has a known sampling distribution that allows for the computation of confidence intervals. However, little is known about the finite sampling behaviors of this measure under violations of these ideal asymptotic conditions. This information is critical for developing optimal criteria for using the RMSEA to evaluate model fi…
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Access to Health Care
Most research on access to health care focuses on individual-level determinants such as income and insurance coverage. The role of community-level factors in helping or hindering individuals in obtaining needed care, however, has not received much attention. We address this gap in the literature by examining how neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with access to health care. We find that living in disadvantaged neighborhoods red…
Explaining Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
OBJECTIVES: The substantial racial and ethnic disparities in access to and use of health services are well documented. A number of studies highlight factors such as health insurance coverage and socioeconomic differences that explain some of the differences between groups, but much remains unexplained. We build on this previous research by incorporating additional factors such as attitudes about health care and neighborhood characteristics, as we…
From Single-Parent Families to Stepfamilies
This study addresses two questions: Is stepfamily formation associated with the likelihood that adolescents will initiate alcohol use, and if so, does this association differ by the type of single-parent families from which adolescents move or the type of stepfamilies to which they move? The author found that adolescents who moved to stepfamilies from single-parent families had an elevated risk of initiating alcohol use. A transition from a divor…
Access to Health Care
Many Americans do not have access to adequate medical care. Previous research on this problem focuses primarily on individual-level determinants of access such as income and insurance coverage. The role of community-level factors in helping or hindering individuals in obtaining needed medical care, however, has not received much attention. We address this gap in the literature by investigating the association between neighborhood residential inst…
Latent Variable Models Under Misspecification
This article compares maximum likelihood (ML) estimation to three variants of two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation in structural equation models. The authors use models that are both correctly and incorrectly specified. Simulated data are used to assess bias, efficiency, and accuracy of hypothesis tests. Generally, 2SLS with reduced sets of instrumental variables performs similarly to ML when models are correctly specified. Under correct spe…
Explaining Racial and Ethnic Differences in Children's Use of Stimulant Medications
OBJECTIVES: To document and explain racial/ethnic differences in the use of stimulant drugs among US children. DATA AND METHODS: We use a nationally representative sample of children ages 5-17 years old from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) for the years 2000-2002. We estimate race-specific means and regressions to highlight differences across groups in individual/family characteristics that may affect stimulant use and differences in …
Access to Health Care for Nonmetro and Metro Latinos of Mexican Origin in the United States
BACKGROUND: A growing number of Latinos are moving to nonmetro areas, but little research has examined how this trend might affect the Latino-disadvantage in access to healthcare. OBJECTIVE: We investigate health care access disparities between non-Latino whites and Latinos of Mexican origin, and whether the disparities differ between metro and nonmetro areas. METHODS: A series of logistic regression models provide insight on whether individuals …
Poor People, Poor Places and Access to Health Care in the United States
Research suggests that community-level poverty is associated with access to health care net of individual-level characteristics, but no research investigates whether this association differs by individual-level income. Using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys, the U.S. Census Bureau and the Health Resource and Services Administration, I find that the negative relationship between the prevalence of poverty in communities and access to…
An Empirical Evaluation of the Use of Fixed Cutoff Points in RMSEA Test Statistic in Structural Equation Models
This article is an empirical evaluation of the choice of fixed cutoff points in assessing the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) test statistic as a measure of goodness-of-fit in Structural Equation Models. Using simulation data, the authors first examine whether there is any empirical evidence for the use of a universal cutoff, and then compare the practice of using the point estimate of the RMSEA alone versus that of using it joint…
Living Arrangement and Colorectal Cancer Screening
In a recent article,1 we examined the relationship between living arrangement and preventive care use among community-dwelling persons aged 65 years and older in the United States by analyzing the 2002–2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Of the 6 preventive services examined, we defined adherence to recommended colorectal cancer screening (either fecal occult blood test within the past year or sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years) according t…
The Relationship Between Living Arrangement and Preventive Care Use Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons
Objectives. We sought to examine the relationship between living arrangements and obtaining preventive care among the elderly population. Methods. We obtained data on 13 038 community-dwelling elderly persons from the 2002 to 2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and used multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the likelihood of preventive care use among elderly persons in 4 living arrangements: living alone (38%), living with one's s…
Using Instrumental Variable Tests to Evaluate Model Specification in Latent Variable Structural Equation Models
Structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables is a powerful tool for social and behavioral scientists, combining many of the strengths of psychometrics and econometrics into a single framework. The most common estimator for SEM is the full-information maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, but there is continuing interest in limited information estimators because of their distributional robustness and their greater resistance to structural…
Unhealthy and uninsured
Millions of people in the United States do not have health insurance, and wide racial and ethnic disparities exist in coverage. Current research provides a limited description of this problem, focusing on the number or proportion of individuals without insurance at a single time point or for a short period. Moreover, the literature provides no sense of the joint risk of being uninsured and in need of medical care. In this article, we use a life t…
Race, Place, and Obesity
Objectives. We explored the association between community racial/ethnic composition and obesity risk. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we used nationally representative data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to geographic data from the US Decennial Census and Census Business Pattern data. Results. Living in communities with a high Hispanic concentration (≥ 25%) was associated with a 0.55 and 0.42 increase in body mass index …
Health Care Access and Perceptions of Provider Care Among Individuals in Same-Sex Couples
We compared individuals in same-sex couples to those in different-sex married couples on various health care indicators using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Compared to individuals in different-sex married couples, individuals in same-sex couples were more likely to report difficulty seeing specialists, getting medical care when needed, and delays getting necessary prescription drugs. They were also more likely to report dissatisfaction wi…
The ACA’s Zero Cost-Sharing Mandate and Trends in Out-of-Pocket Expenditures on Well-Child and Screening Mammography Visits
BACKGROUND: Starting in September of 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act required most health insurance policies to cover evidence-based preventive care with no cost-sharing (no copays, coinsurance, or deductibles). It is unknown, however, whether declines in out-of-pocket costs for preventive services are large enough to prompt increases in utilization, the ultimate goal of the policy. METHODS: In this study, we use a nationally…
The Relationship Between States’ Immigrant-Related Policies and Access to Health Care Among Children of Immigrants
Association of Health Insurance Coverage Disruptions With Mortality Risk Among US Working-Age Adults
This cohort study assesses associations of a prior coverage disruption with mortality risk among large, nationally representative cohorts of working-age adults with public or private health insurance coverage
Medicine (16 obras) · Health care (14 obras) · Demography (13 obras) · Environmental health (12 obras) · Gerontology (11 obras) · Gerontology (9 obras) · Health insurance (9 obras) · Population (9 obras) · Economic growth (8 obras) · Economics (8 obras)