Sara Connolly
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 270234 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Sara Connolly |
| NOMBRES | Sara |
| APELLIDO | Connolly |
| FIRMA | CONNOLLY S |
| AFILIACIONES | University of East Anglia |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5262-1296 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 30 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 346 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 30 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2008 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Do all job changes increase wellbeing
We provide a comprehensive framework, based on person–environment fit, for evaluating the relationship between types of job change and wellbeing, and estimate it using fixed‐effects methods applied to UK longitudinal data. Changing job is associated with large swings in job satisfaction, but not all job changes are equal. Changes in workplace are associated with increased job satisfaction only when they are associated with a change in job role. T…
Still struggling to reach the top? Women officeholders and gendered career pathways in the European commission
This article assesses whether women face the same challenges in the European Commission as men by examining the career paths to top political and administrative positions. Drawing on a unique dataset, it investigates whether and, if so, how and when, women are disadvantaged. First, we analyze the characteristics and experience of all Commissioners and Directors General (2004–2019) to delineate the career paths to the top positions in the organiza…
Intraorganizational mobility and employees’ work-related contact patterns
Programs to encourage staff to move within public-sector organizations have become increasingly widespread in recent decades. Yet, although there are some anecdotal accounts, the effects of such intraorganizational mobility remain largely unexplored. Building on insights from organization theory and social psychology, we argue that intraorganizational mobility entails an important trade-off: it undermines movers’ depth of work-related contacts wi…
Exploring teachers' views of cultural capital in English schools
This paper aims to raise questions about the role that cultural capital might have to play in English schooling. With the term being used by both the Department for Education and the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted, the English schools' inspectorate) as a means of describing certain key characteristics of a school's curriculum, the authors of this paper consider what the term actually now means in this educational context. To ground thi…
One EU civil service or many? The European Commission and the council secretariat
In scholarship on bureaucratic socialisation, length of \n service is frequently identified as the key variable in explaining \n alignment of the beliefs and values of staff members with those of \n the administration. This article challenges this view. Presenting \n analysis based on data from the European Commission and the \n General Secretariat of the Council -- two parts of the EU \n administration, which draw staff from the same talent pool…
Staff reallocations and employee attitudes towards organizational aims
Organizational reforms often involve substantial staff reallocations, creating both winners and losers within the same organization. We argue that allocating less (more) staff to a department signals a decrease (increase) in organizational support towards that department and its employees. We hypothesize that staff members respond to this signal by adjusting their support for key organizational aims and their plans to stay in the organization. We…
Life satisfaction and unemployment—The role of gender attitudes and work identity
Unemployment has a strong negative effect on subjective well‐being, but the effect varies across groups. Using an event study approach, we explore the sources of heterogeneity in the effect of the transition into unemployment on life satisfaction, focusing on work identity and gender role attitudes. All experience a loss of life satisfaction when they become unemployed, but we find greater heterogeneity of experience among men: the losses in life…
The quiet transformation of the EU Commission cabinet system
Although cabinets in the European Commission have attracted considerable interest, scholarly attention has mainly focused on their composition and influence. How the status of cabinets or the relations between them have changed over time, and how cabinets have been affected by changes to the wider institutional environment, has gone largely unexamined. This article takes a step towards filling that gap. It argues that, despite apparent stability …
Parenthood and Job Quality
Current research recognises the role of parenthood in contributing to gender inequalities at work. Meanwhile, there is a growing interest in job quality. We contribute to both these debates by analysing differences in job quality by gender and parenthood status, using data from a nationally representative UK household survey. We develop a 12-indicator, multi-dimensional measure of job quality and use this to analyse the combination and distributi…
English teaching and media education
The focus here is on English teaching and media education, with particular reference to the Australian and English contexts. It considers the role and significance of media in and for English teaching, as a school subject. It asks: What are the legacies of Cultural Studies in this regard? English teaching is considered in relation to, first, the UK national curriculum, the 1989 Cox Report and what was called ‘Cultural Analysis’, and second, the A…
Des bureaucraties poreuses ? Les interactions de la commission européenne et du secrétariat du conseil avec leur environnement, et leur influence sur leurs préférences en termes de gouvernance
Les institutions européennes et les personnes qui travaillent pour elles sont souvent considérées comme repliées sur elles-mêmes et leurs ambitions : la Commission européenne est dépeinte comme une technocratie distante, et le Secrétariat du Conseil est considéré comme secret et renfermé. Cet article soumet ces hypothèses à un test empirique et va à leur encontre. S’appuyant sur deux jeux de données originaux, il cartographie les pratiques d’inte…
Legitimacy crises and the temporal dynamics of bureaucratic representation
The representation of specific groups and social interests within (or by) the civil service has long been a concern of public administration scholarship. Yet, much of this literature focuses on representation at a single point in time. In this article, we propose a more dynamic perspective. In terms of theory, we postulate specific temporal relationships between triggering cues (e.g., a crisis event) and the representation decisions of civil serv…
AI Aesthetics
It is fitting indeed that Lev Manovich’s short (but very accessible) new book, AI Aesthetics, starts with a quote from Ada Lovelace about the potential for ‘analytical engines’ to create music, bec
Media literacy, curriculum and the rights of the child
Engaging with digital media is part of everyday living for the majority of children, yet opportunities to learn about, through and with media are denied many pupils in compulsory schooling. Whilst Media Studies in the UK is internationally reputed to be well established, changes made to the primary and secondary national curriculum in 2014 included removal of existing media study elements. We demonstrate what is lost by these actions in relation …
Breaking out of silos
The view that silos are endemic in organisations in general and the European Civil Service in particular has become increasingly widespread. Yet, silos are rarely investigated theoretically or empirically. What is a silo? What are the individual and organisational factors associated with silos? We propose a functionalist approach to silo definition and identification, which links individual and organisational tasks to expected intra-organisationa…
Fathers' Perceptions of the Availability of Flexible Working Arrangements
A conditional right to request flexible working arrangements (FWAs) has existed for most UK employee parents since 2003. However, there are growing concerns about access, particularly among fathers. Using nationally representative data from the 2015 UK Household Longitudinal Survey, this article examines fathers' perceptions of the availability of hours reduction, schedule flexibility and working from home. Results show that almost one-third of f…
Follow the Leader? Leader Succession and Staff Attitudes in Public Sector Organizations
Public sector organizations face regular turnover in top leadership positions. Yet little is known about how such changes affect staff attitudes. The authors argue that top leader succession may influence staff attitudes, particularly when new leaders are “outsiders” and/or subordinates interact regularly with their leaders. Using a unique two‐wave survey conducted within the European Commission in 2008 and 2014, this analysis tests these proposi…
Do international institutions matter? Socialization and international bureaucrats
A key component of (neo-)functionalist and constructivist approaches to the study of international organizations concerns staff socialization. Existing analyses of how, or indeed whether, staff develop more pro-internationalist attitudes over time draw predominantly on cross-sectional data. Yet, such data cannot address (self-)selection issues or capture the inherently temporal nature of attitude change. This article proposes an innovative approa…
Administrative legitimacy and the democratic deficit of the European Union
This article suggests a new concept of measurement for the EU’s oft-alleged democratic deficit based on two contributions. First, we turn attention to the administrative staff involved in policy-making rather than the (un)accountability of EUs’ parliamentarians and executive agents. Second, building on the idea that policy-makers’ legitimacy depends on the extent to which they can claim to represent some groups or social interests, we assess the …
Managing the house
Although the importance of international organizations is well-established, the specific contribution made to their policy outputs by administrative as opposed to political actors is rarely investigated. Still less attention is paid to how intra-organizational factors within international administrations affect the latter’s capacity to influence those outputs. Even in the case of the European Union, where the European Commission’s power over deci…
Supranationalism' in Question
Do international organizations affect the views of the people who work for them? Although increasingly sophisticated methods have been used to address this question, disagreement persists about whether the beliefs of staff are formed before they join, after they enter the institution, or are shaped by instrumental calculation. Drawing on an original dataset based on the first fully representative survey of the European Commission's workforce, thi…
The Commission
In the debate about the impact of the eurozone crisis on the EU’s institutional balance, antagonists have often argued past each other. Supporters of the new intergovernmentalism contend that the European Council has supplanted the European Commission in policy leadership, while scholars who hold that the EU executive has been a winner of the crisis highlight the new management functions it has acquired. This article argues, first, that an accura…
Britain's slow movement to a gender egalitarian equilibrium
This article examines the working lives of British couple families across the first decade of the millennium using EU Labour Force Survey data (2001-13) taking a multiple equilibria approach. Some growth in dual full-time earners, increased working hours of mothers in part-time employment and a growing proportion of households with 'non-standard' working patterns are all identified, suggesting both a convergence and greater diversity in economic …
Who are Non-Resident Fathers
Despite international growth of, and policy interest in, divorce and separation since the 1970s, there is still surprisingly little known about non-residential fatherhood. This paper presents a 'father-centric' analysis and provides one of the first profiles of non-residential fatherhood in early millennium UK. Using data from Understanding Society Wave 1, a nationally representative survey of over 30,000 households in the UK, we found 1,070 men …
What makes for prize-winning television
We investigate the determinants of success in four international television awards festivals between 1994 and 2012. We find that countries with larger markets and greater expenditure on public broadcasting tend to win more awards, but that the degree of concentration in the market for television and rates of penetration of pay-per-view television are unrelated to success. These findings are consistent with general industrial organisation literatu…
Managing the house
Although the importance of international organizations is well-established, the specific contribution made to their policy outputs by administrative as opposed to political actors is rarely investigated. Still less attention is paid to how intra-organizational factors within international administrations affect the latter’s capacity to influence those outputs. Even in the case of the European Union, where the European Commission’s power over deci…
Moving Down
We give a quantitative analysis of the nature of occupational change - based on the utilisation of skills - as women make the transition between full-time and part-time work. We show that one-quarter of women moving from full- to part-time work experience downgrading. Women remaining with their current employer are less vulnerable and the availability of part-time opportunities is far more important than the presence of a pre-school child in dete…
The Commission
In the debate about the impact of the eurozone crisis on the EU’s institutional balance, antagonists have often argued past each other. Supporters of the new intergovernmentalism contend that the European Council has supplanted the European Commission in policy leadership, while scholars who hold that the EU executive has been a winner of the crisis highlight the new management functions it has acquired. This article argues, first, that an accura…
Administrative legitimacy and the democratic deficit of the European Union
This article suggests a new concept of measurement for the EU’s oft-alleged democratic deficit based on two contributions. First, we turn attention to the administrative staff involved in policy-making rather than the (un)accountability of EUs’ parliamentarians and executive agents. Second, building on the idea that policy-makers’ legitimacy depends on the extent to which they can claim to represent some groups or social interests, we assess the …
Feature
While the gender pay gap has been narrowing for women in full-time jobs the pay penalty for the 40% of women who work part-time has risen, reflecting the growing polarisation of part-time jobs in low-wage occupations. A further dimension is that women often experience downgrading from higher-skill full-time into lower-skill part-time occupations. As women reorganise their working lives around the presence of children their reported hours and job …
Britain's slow movement to a gender egalitarian equilibrium
This article examines the working lives of British couple families across the first decade of the millennium using EU Labour Force Survey data (2001-13) taking a multiple equilibria approach. Some growth in dual full-time earners, increased working hours of mothers in part-time employment and a growing proportion of households with 'non-standard' working patterns are all identified, suggesting both a convergence and greater diversity in economic …
Do international institutions matter? Socialization and international bureaucrats
A key component of (neo-)functionalist and constructivist approaches to the study of international organizations concerns staff socialization. Existing analyses of how, or indeed whether, staff develop more pro-internationalist attitudes over time draw predominantly on cross-sectional data. Yet, such data cannot address (self-)selection issues or capture the inherently temporal nature of attitude change. This article proposes an innovative approa…
Legitimacy crises and the temporal dynamics of bureaucratic representation
The representation of specific groups and social interests within (or by) the civil service has long been a concern of public administration scholarship. Yet, much of this literature focuses on representation at a single point in time. In this article, we propose a more dynamic perspective. In terms of theory, we postulate specific temporal relationships between triggering cues (e.g., a crisis event) and the representation decisions of civil serv…
Fathers' Perceptions of the Availability of Flexible Working Arrangements
A conditional right to request flexible working arrangements (FWAs) has existed for most UK employee parents since 2003. However, there are growing concerns about access, particularly among fathers. Using nationally representative data from the 2015 UK Household Longitudinal Survey, this article examines fathers' perceptions of the availability of hours reduction, schedule flexibility and working from home. Results show that almost one-third of f…
Dual tracks
The quiet transformation of the EU Commission cabinet system
Although cabinets in the European Commission have attracted considerable interest, scholarly attention has mainly focused on their composition and influence. How the status of cabinets or the relations between them have changed over time, and how cabinets have been affected by changes to the wider institutional environment, has gone largely unexamined. This article takes a step towards filling that gap. It argues that, despite apparent stability …
Breaking out of silos
The view that silos are endemic in organisations in general and the European Civil Service in particular has become increasingly widespread. Yet, silos are rarely investigated theoretically or empirically. What is a silo? What are the individual and organisational factors associated with silos? We propose a functionalist approach to silo definition and identification, which links individual and organisational tasks to expected intra-organisationa…
Supranationalism' in Question
Do international organizations affect the views of the people who work for them? Although increasingly sophisticated methods have been used to address this question, disagreement persists about whether the beliefs of staff are formed before they join, after they enter the institution, or are shaped by instrumental calculation. Drawing on an original dataset based on the first fully representative survey of the European Commission's workforce, thi…
The place of “think family” approaches in child and family social work
Parenthood and Job Quality
Current research recognises the role of parenthood in contributing to gender inequalities at work. Meanwhile, there is a growing interest in job quality. We contribute to both these debates by analysing differences in job quality by gender and parenthood status, using data from a nationally representative UK household survey. We develop a 12-indicator, multi-dimensional measure of job quality and use this to analyse the combination and distributi…
Follow the Leader? Leader Succession and Staff Attitudes in Public Sector Organizations
Public sector organizations face regular turnover in top leadership positions. Yet little is known about how such changes affect staff attitudes. The authors argue that top leader succession may influence staff attitudes, particularly when new leaders are “outsiders” and/or subordinates interact regularly with their leaders. Using a unique two‐wave survey conducted within the European Commission in 2008 and 2014, this analysis tests these proposi…
Who are Non-Resident Fathers
Despite international growth of, and policy interest in, divorce and separation since the 1970s, there is still surprisingly little known about non-residential fatherhood. This paper presents a 'father-centric' analysis and provides one of the first profiles of non-residential fatherhood in early millennium UK. Using data from Understanding Society Wave 1, a nationally representative survey of over 30,000 households in the UK, we found 1,070 men …
Still struggling to reach the top? Women officeholders and gendered career pathways in the European commission
This article assesses whether women face the same challenges in the European Commission as men by examining the career paths to top political and administrative positions. Drawing on a unique dataset, it investigates whether and, if so, how and when, women are disadvantaged. First, we analyze the characteristics and experience of all Commissioners and Directors General (2004–2019) to delineate the career paths to the top positions in the organiza…
Media literacy, curriculum and the rights of the child
Engaging with digital media is part of everyday living for the majority of children, yet opportunities to learn about, through and with media are denied many pupils in compulsory schooling. Whilst Media Studies in the UK is internationally reputed to be well established, changes made to the primary and secondary national curriculum in 2014 included removal of existing media study elements. We demonstrate what is lost by these actions in relation …
Exploring teachers' views of cultural capital in English schools
This paper aims to raise questions about the role that cultural capital might have to play in English schooling. With the term being used by both the Department for Education and the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted, the English schools' inspectorate) as a means of describing certain key characteristics of a school's curriculum, the authors of this paper consider what the term actually now means in this educational context. To ground thi…
Life satisfaction and unemployment—The role of gender attitudes and work identity
Unemployment has a strong negative effect on subjective well‐being, but the effect varies across groups. Using an event study approach, we explore the sources of heterogeneity in the effect of the transition into unemployment on life satisfaction, focusing on work identity and gender role attitudes. All experience a loss of life satisfaction when they become unemployed, but we find greater heterogeneity of experience among men: the losses in life…
Feature
While the gender pay gap has been narrowing for women in full-time jobs the pay penalty for the 40% of women who work part-time has risen, reflecting the growing polarisation of part-time jobs in low-wage occupations. A further dimension is that women often experience downgrading from higher-skill full-time into lower-skill part-time occupations. As women reorganise their working lives around the presence of children their reported hours and job …
Moving Down
We give a quantitative analysis of the nature of occupational change - based on the utilisation of skills - as women make the transition between full-time and part-time work. We show that one-quarter of women moving from full- to part-time work experience downgrading. Women remaining with their current employer are less vulnerable and the availability of part-time opportunities is far more important than the presence of a pre-school child in dete…
Dual tracks
The European Commission of the Twenty-First Century
Co-authored by an international team of researchers and drawing on interviews with senior officials, 'The European Commission of the Twenty-First Century' tests, challenges and refutes many widely held myths about the European Commission and the people who work for it.
The place of “think family” approaches in child and family social work
What makes for prize-winning television
We investigate the determinants of success in four international television awards festivals between 1994 and 2012. We find that countries with larger markets and greater expenditure on public broadcasting tend to win more awards, but that the degree of concentration in the market for television and rates of penetration of pay-per-view television are unrelated to success. These findings are consistent with general industrial organisation literatu…
Supranationalism' in Question
Do international organizations affect the views of the people who work for them? Although increasingly sophisticated methods have been used to address this question, disagreement persists about whether the beliefs of staff are formed before they join, after they enter the institution, or are shaped by instrumental calculation. Drawing on an original dataset based on the first fully representative survey of the European Commission's workforce, thi…
The Commission
In the debate about the impact of the eurozone crisis on the EU’s institutional balance, antagonists have often argued past each other. Supporters of the new intergovernmentalism contend that the European Council has supplanted the European Commission in policy leadership, while scholars who hold that the EU executive has been a winner of the crisis highlight the new management functions it has acquired. This article argues, first, that an accura…
Britain's slow movement to a gender egalitarian equilibrium
This article examines the working lives of British couple families across the first decade of the millennium using EU Labour Force Survey data (2001-13) taking a multiple equilibria approach. Some growth in dual full-time earners, increased working hours of mothers in part-time employment and a growing proportion of households with 'non-standard' working patterns are all identified, suggesting both a convergence and greater diversity in economic …
Who are Non-Resident Fathers
Despite international growth of, and policy interest in, divorce and separation since the 1970s, there is still surprisingly little known about non-residential fatherhood. This paper presents a 'father-centric' analysis and provides one of the first profiles of non-residential fatherhood in early millennium UK. Using data from Understanding Society Wave 1, a nationally representative survey of over 30,000 households in the UK, we found 1,070 men …
Managing the house
Although the importance of international organizations is well-established, the specific contribution made to their policy outputs by administrative as opposed to political actors is rarely investigated. Still less attention is paid to how intra-organizational factors within international administrations affect the latter’s capacity to influence those outputs. Even in the case of the European Union, where the European Commission’s power over deci…
Administrative legitimacy and the democratic deficit of the European Union
This article suggests a new concept of measurement for the EU’s oft-alleged democratic deficit based on two contributions. First, we turn attention to the administrative staff involved in policy-making rather than the (un)accountability of EUs’ parliamentarians and executive agents. Second, building on the idea that policy-makers’ legitimacy depends on the extent to which they can claim to represent some groups or social interests, we assess the …
Do international institutions matter? Socialization and international bureaucrats
A key component of (neo-)functionalist and constructivist approaches to the study of international organizations concerns staff socialization. Existing analyses of how, or indeed whether, staff develop more pro-internationalist attitudes over time draw predominantly on cross-sectional data. Yet, such data cannot address (self-)selection issues or capture the inherently temporal nature of attitude change. This article proposes an innovative approa…
Follow the Leader? Leader Succession and Staff Attitudes in Public Sector Organizations
Public sector organizations face regular turnover in top leadership positions. Yet little is known about how such changes affect staff attitudes. The authors argue that top leader succession may influence staff attitudes, particularly when new leaders are “outsiders” and/or subordinates interact regularly with their leaders. Using a unique two‐wave survey conducted within the European Commission in 2008 and 2014, this analysis tests these proposi…
Breaking out of silos
The view that silos are endemic in organisations in general and the European Civil Service in particular has become increasingly widespread. Yet, silos are rarely investigated theoretically or empirically. What is a silo? What are the individual and organisational factors associated with silos? We propose a functionalist approach to silo definition and identification, which links individual and organisational tasks to expected intra-organisationa…
Fathers' Perceptions of the Availability of Flexible Working Arrangements
A conditional right to request flexible working arrangements (FWAs) has existed for most UK employee parents since 2003. However, there are growing concerns about access, particularly among fathers. Using nationally representative data from the 2015 UK Household Longitudinal Survey, this article examines fathers' perceptions of the availability of hours reduction, schedule flexibility and working from home. Results show that almost one-third of f…
English teaching and media education
The focus here is on English teaching and media education, with particular reference to the Australian and English contexts. It considers the role and significance of media in and for English teaching, as a school subject. It asks: What are the legacies of Cultural Studies in this regard? English teaching is considered in relation to, first, the UK national curriculum, the 1989 Cox Report and what was called ‘Cultural Analysis’, and second, the A…
Des bureaucraties poreuses ? Les interactions de la commission européenne et du secrétariat du conseil avec leur environnement, et leur influence sur leurs préférences en termes de gouvernance
Les institutions européennes et les personnes qui travaillent pour elles sont souvent considérées comme repliées sur elles-mêmes et leurs ambitions : la Commission européenne est dépeinte comme une technocratie distante, et le Secrétariat du Conseil est considéré comme secret et renfermé. Cet article soumet ces hypothèses à un test empirique et va à leur encontre. S’appuyant sur deux jeux de données originaux, il cartographie les pratiques d’inte…
Legitimacy crises and the temporal dynamics of bureaucratic representation
The representation of specific groups and social interests within (or by) the civil service has long been a concern of public administration scholarship. Yet, much of this literature focuses on representation at a single point in time. In this article, we propose a more dynamic perspective. In terms of theory, we postulate specific temporal relationships between triggering cues (e.g., a crisis event) and the representation decisions of civil serv…
AI Aesthetics
It is fitting indeed that Lev Manovich’s short (but very accessible) new book, AI Aesthetics, starts with a quote from Ada Lovelace about the potential for ‘analytical engines’ to create music, bec
Media literacy, curriculum and the rights of the child
Engaging with digital media is part of everyday living for the majority of children, yet opportunities to learn about, through and with media are denied many pupils in compulsory schooling. Whilst Media Studies in the UK is internationally reputed to be well established, changes made to the primary and secondary national curriculum in 2014 included removal of existing media study elements. We demonstrate what is lost by these actions in relation …
Staff reallocations and employee attitudes towards organizational aims
Organizational reforms often involve substantial staff reallocations, creating both winners and losers within the same organization. We argue that allocating less (more) staff to a department signals a decrease (increase) in organizational support towards that department and its employees. We hypothesize that staff members respond to this signal by adjusting their support for key organizational aims and their plans to stay in the organization. We…
Life satisfaction and unemployment—The role of gender attitudes and work identity
Unemployment has a strong negative effect on subjective well‐being, but the effect varies across groups. Using an event study approach, we explore the sources of heterogeneity in the effect of the transition into unemployment on life satisfaction, focusing on work identity and gender role attitudes. All experience a loss of life satisfaction when they become unemployed, but we find greater heterogeneity of experience among men: the losses in life…
The quiet transformation of the EU Commission cabinet system
Although cabinets in the European Commission have attracted considerable interest, scholarly attention has mainly focused on their composition and influence. How the status of cabinets or the relations between them have changed over time, and how cabinets have been affected by changes to the wider institutional environment, has gone largely unexamined. This article takes a step towards filling that gap. It argues that, despite apparent stability …
Parenthood and Job Quality
Current research recognises the role of parenthood in contributing to gender inequalities at work. Meanwhile, there is a growing interest in job quality. We contribute to both these debates by analysing differences in job quality by gender and parenthood status, using data from a nationally representative UK household survey. We develop a 12-indicator, multi-dimensional measure of job quality and use this to analyse the combination and distributi…
Political science (22 obras) · Economics (14 obras) · Law (14 obras) · Sociology (13 obras) · Commission (11 obras) · European union (11 obras) · Law (11 obras) · Psychology (11 obras) · Business (10 obras) · European commission (10 obras)