Markus Reichstein
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 272772 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Markus Reichstein |
| NOMBRES | Markus |
| APELLIDO | Reichstein |
| FIRMA | REICHSTEIN M |
| AFILIACIONES | Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5736-1112 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 28 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 23 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2005 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Globally synchronized changes in the biosphere, atmosphere, and society identified using public data
Contains fulltext : 328688.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Advancing Sustainable Development
Against the backdrop of populist attacks on science and sustainable development, the Sustainability Science Summit 2025 focused on advancing sustainability transformations. With over 30 sessions structured around three high-level panel discussions, it addressed global challenges in sustainability science, the transformation of research practices, and the science-policy interface
Official heat warnings miss situations with a detectable societal heat response in European countries
The frequency and intensity of heat waves are increasing globally. In this context it is not clear how the related impacts differ between countries with different vulnerability and exposure characteristics, such as overall climatic conditions and implemented adaptation strategies, e.g. urban planning and planting trees to reduce heat island effect, air conditioning, communication with the public about danger of heat waves. The release of official…
Regulation of the global carbon and water cycles through vegetation structural and physiological dynamics
Vegetation plays an essential role in regulating carbon and water cycles, e.g. by taking up atmospheric CO 2 through photosynthesis and by transferring soil water to the atmosphere through transpiration. Vegetation function is shaped by its structure and physiology: vegetation structure is determined by the amount of materials for plants and how it is organised in space and time, while vegetation physiology controls the instantaneous response of …
Societal Attention to Heat Waves Can Indicate Public Health Impacts
Both the frequency and intensity of hot temperature extremes are expected to increase in the coming decades, challenging various socioeconomic sectors including public health. Therefore, societal attention data available in real time, such as Google search attention, could help monitor heat-wave impacts in domains with lagged data availability. Here, we jointly analyze societal attention and health impacts of heat waves in Germany at weekly time …
Quantifying impact-relevant heatwave durations
Heatwaves are weather hazards that can influence societal and natural systems. Recently, heatwaves have increased in frequency, duration, and intensity, and this trend is projected to continue as a consequence of climate change. The study of heatwaves is hampered by the lack of a common definition, which limits comparability between studies. This applies in particular to the considered time scale for utilised metrics. Here, we study which duratio…
Hybrid modeling of evapotranspiration
The process of evapotranspiration transfers liquid water from vegetation and soil surfaces to the atmosphere, the so-called latent heat flux ( Q LE ), and modulates the Earth’s energy, water, and carbon cycle. Vegetation controls Q LE by regulating leaf stomata opening (surface resistance r s in the Big Leaf approach) and by altering surface roughness (aerodynamic resistance r a ). Estimating r s and r a across different vegetation types is a key…
Research priorities for global food security under extreme events
Extreme events, such as those caused by climate change, economic or geopolitical shocks, and pest or disease epidemics, threaten global food security. The complexity of causation, as well as the myriad ways that an event, or a sequence of events, creates cascading and systemic impacts, poses significant challenges to food systems research and policy alike. To identify priority food security risks and research opportunities, we asked experts from …
Physics-aware nonparametric regression models for Earth data analysis
Process understanding and modeling is at the core of scientific reasoning. Principled parametric and mechanistic modeling dominated science and engineering until the recent emergence of machine learning (ML). Despite great success in many areas, ML algorithms in the Earth and climate sciences, and more broadly in physical sciences, are not explicitly designed to be physically-consistent and may, therefore, violate the most basic laws of physics. …
Machine-learning-based evidence and attribution mapping of 100,000 climate impact studies
Contrasting biophysical and societal impacts of hydro-meteorological extremes
Extreme hydrological and meteorological conditions can severely affect ecosystems, parts of the economy, and consequently society. These impacts are expected to be aggravated by climate change. Here we analyze and compare the impacts of multiple types of extreme events across several domains in Europe, to reveal corresponding impact signatures. We characterize the distinct impacts of droughts, floods, heat waves, frosts and storms on a variety of…
The Low Dimensionality of Development
The World Bank routinely publishes over 1500 'World Development Indicators' to track the socioeconomic development at the country level. A range of indices has been proposed to interpret this information. For instance, the 'Human Development Index' was designed to specifically capture development in terms of life expectancy, education, and standard of living. However, the general question which independent dimensions are essential to capture all …
Deep learning and process understanding for data-driven Earth system science
Quantifying the effect of forest age in annual net forest carbon balance
Forests dominate carbon (C) exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere on land. In the long term, the net carbon flux between forests and the atmosphere has been significantly impacted by changes in forest cover area and structure due to ecological disturbances and management activities. Current empirical approaches for estimating net ecosystem productivity (NEP) rarely consider forest age as a predictor, which represents vari…
Contrasting and interacting changes in simulated spring and summer carbon cycle extremes in European ecosystems
Climate extremes have the potential to cause extreme responses of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, it is neither straightforward to quantify and predict extreme ecosystem responses, nor to attribute these responses to specific climate drivers. Here, we construct a factorial experiment based on a large ensemble of process-oriented ecosystem model simulations driven by a regional climate model (12 500 model years in 1985–2010) in six Eur…
The dominant role of semi-arid ecosystems in the trend and variability of the land CO 2 sink
The difference is found at the margins The terrestrial biosphere absorbs about a quarter of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, but the amount that they take up varies from year to year. Why? Combining models and observations, Ahlström et al. found that marginal ecosystems—semiarid savannas and low-latitude shrublands—are responsible for most of the variability. Biological productivity in these semiarid regions is water-limited and strong…
The significance of land-atmosphere interactions in the Earth system-iLeaps achievements and perspectives
A few extreme events dominate global interannual variability in gross primary production
A few extreme events dominate global interannual variability in gross primary production, Jakob Zscheischler, Miguel D Mahecha, Jannis von Buttlar, Stefan Harmeling, Martin Jung, Anja Rammig, James T Randerson, Bernhard Schölkopf, Sonia I Seneviratne, Enrico Tomelleri, Sönke Zaehle, Markus Reichstein
Climate extremes and the carbon cycle
Earlier springs decrease peak summer productivity in North American boreal forests
In the northern high latitudes, alternative hypotheses with regards to how warming-related shifts in seasonality influence ecosystem productivity exist. Increased plant growth associated with a longer growing season may enhance ecosystem productivity, but shifts to earlier springs may also negatively influence soil moisture status and productivity during the peak of the growing season. Here, we analyzed nearly three decades (1982–2008) of observa…
A novel probabilistic risk analysis to determine the vulnerability of ecosystems to extreme climatic events
We present a simple method of probabilistic risk analysis for ecosystems. The only requirements are time series---modelled or measured---of environment and ecosystem variables. Risk is defined as the product of hazard probability and ecosystem vulnerability. Vulnerability is the expected difference in ecosystem performance between years with and without hazardous conditions. We show an application to drought risk for net primary productivity of c…
Changes in Climate Extremes and their Impacts on the Natural Physical Environment
Chapter 3 of Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This chapter addresses changes in weather and climate events relevant to extreme impacts and disasters.
Land use/land cover changes and climate
This article summarizes the changes in landscape structure because of human land management over the last several centuries, and using observed and modeled data, documents how these changes have altered biogeophysical and biogeochemical surface fluxes on the local, mesoscale, and regional scales. Remaining research issues are presented including whether these landscape changes alter large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns far from where the …
Terrestrial Gross Carbon Dioxide Uptake
Carbon Cycle and Climate Change As climate change accelerates, it is important to know the likely impact of climate change on the carbon cycle (see the Perspective by Reich ). Gross primary production (GPP) is a measure of the amount of CO 2 removed from the atmosphere every year to fuel photosynthesis. Beer et al. (p. 834 , published online 5 July) used a combination of observation and calculation to estimate that the total GPP by terrestrial pl…
Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply
Land use/land cover changes and climate
This article summarizes the changes in landscape structure because of human land management over the last several centuries, and using observed and modeled data, documents how these changes have altered biogeophysical and biogeochemical surface fluxes on the local, mesoscale, and regional scales. Remaining research issues are presented including whether these landscape changes alter large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns far from where the …
The Low Dimensionality of Development
The World Bank routinely publishes over 1500 'World Development Indicators' to track the socioeconomic development at the country level. A range of indices has been proposed to interpret this information. For instance, the 'Human Development Index' was designed to specifically capture development in terms of life expectancy, education, and standard of living. However, the general question which independent dimensions are essential to capture all …
The significance of land-atmosphere interactions in the Earth system-iLeaps achievements and perspectives
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance
In order to better assess the role of agriculture within the global climate‐vegetation system, we present a model of the managed planetary land surface, Lund–Potsdam–Jena managed Land (LPJmL), which simulates biophysical and biogeochemical processes as well as productivity and yield of the most important crops worldwide, using a concept of crop functional types (CFTs). Based on the LPJ‐Dynamic Global Vegetation Model, LPJmL simulates the transien…
Sustained stimulation of soil respiration after 10 years of experimental warming
A number of forest and grassland studies indicated that stimulation of the soil respiration by soil warming ceases after a couple of years (Luo et al 2001 Nature 413 622-5). Here we present results from a long-term soil warming lysimeter experiment in southern Germany showing sustained stimulation of soil respiration after 10 years. Moreover, both warmed and control treatments exhibited a similar temperature response of soil respiration, indicati…
Terrestrial Gross Carbon Dioxide Uptake
Carbon Cycle and Climate Change As climate change accelerates, it is important to know the likely impact of climate change on the carbon cycle (see the Perspective by Reich ). Gross primary production (GPP) is a measure of the amount of CO 2 removed from the atmosphere every year to fuel photosynthesis. Beer et al. (p. 834 , published online 5 July) used a combination of observation and calculation to estimate that the total GPP by terrestrial pl…
Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply
Land use/land cover changes and climate
This article summarizes the changes in landscape structure because of human land management over the last several centuries, and using observed and modeled data, documents how these changes have altered biogeophysical and biogeochemical surface fluxes on the local, mesoscale, and regional scales. Remaining research issues are presented including whether these landscape changes alter large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns far from where the …
Changes in Climate Extremes and their Impacts on the Natural Physical Environment
Chapter 3 of Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This chapter addresses changes in weather and climate events relevant to extreme impacts and disasters.
Climate extremes and the carbon cycle
Earlier springs decrease peak summer productivity in North American boreal forests
In the northern high latitudes, alternative hypotheses with regards to how warming-related shifts in seasonality influence ecosystem productivity exist. Increased plant growth associated with a longer growing season may enhance ecosystem productivity, but shifts to earlier springs may also negatively influence soil moisture status and productivity during the peak of the growing season. Here, we analyzed nearly three decades (1982–2008) of observa…
A novel probabilistic risk analysis to determine the vulnerability of ecosystems to extreme climatic events
We present a simple method of probabilistic risk analysis for ecosystems. The only requirements are time series---modelled or measured---of environment and ecosystem variables. Risk is defined as the product of hazard probability and ecosystem vulnerability. Vulnerability is the expected difference in ecosystem performance between years with and without hazardous conditions. We show an application to drought risk for net primary productivity of c…
A few extreme events dominate global interannual variability in gross primary production
A few extreme events dominate global interannual variability in gross primary production, Jakob Zscheischler, Miguel D Mahecha, Jannis von Buttlar, Stefan Harmeling, Martin Jung, Anja Rammig, James T Randerson, Bernhard Schölkopf, Sonia I Seneviratne, Enrico Tomelleri, Sönke Zaehle, Markus Reichstein
The dominant role of semi-arid ecosystems in the trend and variability of the land CO 2 sink
The difference is found at the margins The terrestrial biosphere absorbs about a quarter of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, but the amount that they take up varies from year to year. Why? Combining models and observations, Ahlström et al. found that marginal ecosystems—semiarid savannas and low-latitude shrublands—are responsible for most of the variability. Biological productivity in these semiarid regions is water-limited and strong…
The significance of land-atmosphere interactions in the Earth system-iLeaps achievements and perspectives
Contrasting and interacting changes in simulated spring and summer carbon cycle extremes in European ecosystems
Climate extremes have the potential to cause extreme responses of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, it is neither straightforward to quantify and predict extreme ecosystem responses, nor to attribute these responses to specific climate drivers. Here, we construct a factorial experiment based on a large ensemble of process-oriented ecosystem model simulations driven by a regional climate model (12 500 model years in 1985–2010) in six Eur…
Quantifying the effect of forest age in annual net forest carbon balance
Forests dominate carbon (C) exchanges between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere on land. In the long term, the net carbon flux between forests and the atmosphere has been significantly impacted by changes in forest cover area and structure due to ecological disturbances and management activities. Current empirical approaches for estimating net ecosystem productivity (NEP) rarely consider forest age as a predictor, which represents vari…
Deep learning and process understanding for data-driven Earth system science
The Low Dimensionality of Development
The World Bank routinely publishes over 1500 'World Development Indicators' to track the socioeconomic development at the country level. A range of indices has been proposed to interpret this information. For instance, the 'Human Development Index' was designed to specifically capture development in terms of life expectancy, education, and standard of living. However, the general question which independent dimensions are essential to capture all …
Machine-learning-based evidence and attribution mapping of 100,000 climate impact studies
Contrasting biophysical and societal impacts of hydro-meteorological extremes
Extreme hydrological and meteorological conditions can severely affect ecosystems, parts of the economy, and consequently society. These impacts are expected to be aggravated by climate change. Here we analyze and compare the impacts of multiple types of extreme events across several domains in Europe, to reveal corresponding impact signatures. We characterize the distinct impacts of droughts, floods, heat waves, frosts and storms on a variety of…
Research priorities for global food security under extreme events
Extreme events, such as those caused by climate change, economic or geopolitical shocks, and pest or disease epidemics, threaten global food security. The complexity of causation, as well as the myriad ways that an event, or a sequence of events, creates cascading and systemic impacts, poses significant challenges to food systems research and policy alike. To identify priority food security risks and research opportunities, we asked experts from …
Physics-aware nonparametric regression models for Earth data analysis
Process understanding and modeling is at the core of scientific reasoning. Principled parametric and mechanistic modeling dominated science and engineering until the recent emergence of machine learning (ML). Despite great success in many areas, ML algorithms in the Earth and climate sciences, and more broadly in physical sciences, are not explicitly designed to be physically-consistent and may, therefore, violate the most basic laws of physics. …
Societal Attention to Heat Waves Can Indicate Public Health Impacts
Both the frequency and intensity of hot temperature extremes are expected to increase in the coming decades, challenging various socioeconomic sectors including public health. Therefore, societal attention data available in real time, such as Google search attention, could help monitor heat-wave impacts in domains with lagged data availability. Here, we jointly analyze societal attention and health impacts of heat waves in Germany at weekly time …
Quantifying impact-relevant heatwave durations
Heatwaves are weather hazards that can influence societal and natural systems. Recently, heatwaves have increased in frequency, duration, and intensity, and this trend is projected to continue as a consequence of climate change. The study of heatwaves is hampered by the lack of a common definition, which limits comparability between studies. This applies in particular to the considered time scale for utilised metrics. Here, we study which duratio…
Hybrid modeling of evapotranspiration
The process of evapotranspiration transfers liquid water from vegetation and soil surfaces to the atmosphere, the so-called latent heat flux ( Q LE ), and modulates the Earth’s energy, water, and carbon cycle. Vegetation controls Q LE by regulating leaf stomata opening (surface resistance r s in the Big Leaf approach) and by altering surface roughness (aerodynamic resistance r a ). Estimating r s and r a across different vegetation types is a key…
Official heat warnings miss situations with a detectable societal heat response in European countries
The frequency and intensity of heat waves are increasing globally. In this context it is not clear how the related impacts differ between countries with different vulnerability and exposure characteristics, such as overall climatic conditions and implemented adaptation strategies, e.g. urban planning and planting trees to reduce heat island effect, air conditioning, communication with the public about danger of heat waves. The release of official…
Environmental Science (20 obras) · Climate change (17 obras) · Climate variability and models (17 obras) · Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics (14 obras) · Ecosystem (13 obras) · Biology (12 obras) · Ecology (12 obras) · Climatology (11 obras) · Geography (11 obras) · Atmospheric sciences (10 obras)