Carol Jagger
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 272776 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Carol Jagger |
| NOMBRES | Carol |
| APELLIDO | Jagger |
| FIRMA | JAGGER C |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Leicester |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6377-9926 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 126 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1983 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 7 |
Are Religiosity and Spirituality Related to Self-Reported Health Expectancy? An Analysis of the European Values Survey
Research on religiosity and health has generally focussed on the United States, and outcomes of health or mortality but not both. Using the European Values Survey 2008, we examined cross-sectional associations between four dimensions of religiosity/spirituality: attendance, private prayer, importance of religion, belief in God; and healthy life expectancy (HLE) based on self-reported health across 47 European countries ( n = 65,303 individuals). …
The impact of long-term conditions on disability-free life expectancy
Although leading causes of death are regularly reported, there is disagreement on which long-term conditions (LTCs) reduce disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) the most. We aimed to estimate increases in DFLE associated with elimination of a range of LTCs. This is a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the effects of LTCs on health expectancy (HE). MEDLINE, Embase, HMIC, Science Citation Index, and Social Scien…
Trends in disability-free life expectancy at age 50 years in Australia between 2001 and 2011 by social disadvantage
BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were (1) to estimate 10-year trends in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by area-level social disadvantage and (2) to examine how incidence, recovery and mortality transitions contributed to these trends. METHODS: Data were drawn from the nationally representative Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. Two cohorts (baseline age 50+ years) were followed up for 7 years, from 2001 to 2007 an…
Does Religious Activity Distinguish the Mortality Experiences of Older Taiwanese? An Analysis Using Eighteen Years of Follow-Up Data
Extending Working Lives
Retirement ages for receipt of state/social pensions are rising in many countries in response to population ageing and increasing life expectancy. However, sickness absence and early retirement for health reasons (especially among adults aged ≥ 50) present challenges to this. Estimates of the average number of years people are both healthy and in work from age 50 are needed to inform policy making and assess the feasibility of policy changes. A s…
Religiosity Dimensions and Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Taiwan
Objectives: Eight years of panel data are used to investigate the association between three dimensions of religiosity and total and disability-free life expectancy (TLE/DFLE) in Taiwan. Method: Data come from the 1999 "Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging" (TLSA; N = 4,440; Age 55+). Dimensions of religiosity are public, private, belief, and coping. Mortality is linked to a national database. Disability is activities of daily living (ADLs). TLE/DFL…
Projections of multi-morbidity in the older population in England to 2035
Background: models projecting future disease burden have focussed on one or two diseases. Little is known on how risk factors of younger cohorts will play out in the future burden of multi-morbidity (two or more concurrent long-term conditions). Design: a dynamic microsimulation model, the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) model, simulates the characteristics (sociodemographic factors, health behaviours, chronic diseases and geriatri…
Religiosity and health
The objective of this paper is to understand global connections between indicators of religiosity and health and how these differ cross-nationally. Data are from World Values Surveys (93 countries, N=121,770). Health is based on a self-assessed question about overall health. First, country-specific regressions are examined to determine the association separately in each country. Next, country-level variables and cross-level interactions are added…
Religion, Life Expectancy, and Disability-Free Life Expectancy Among Older Women and Men in the United States
By estimating total, disability-free, and disabled LE, we are able to quantify the advantage of religion for health. Results are consistent with previous studies that have focused on health and mortality separately
An investigation into the patterns of loneliness and loss in the oldest old – Newcastle 85+ Study
Old age is often characterised as being associated with neglect, isolation and loneliness, not least since established risks factors for loneliness include widowhood, living alone, depression and being female. Cross-sectional data have challenged the notion that loneliness is especially an old-age phenomenon but longitudinal data on loneliness is scarce. Moreover, an under-represented group in prior studies are the oldest old, those aged 85 years…
Educational Disparities in Adult Disability
An introduction is presented in which the author discusses an article in the journal dealing with educational attainment disparities and adult disability, and it mentions American families, disability prevalence in the U.S., and the reduction of poverty in low-educated adults
Spirituality, religiosity, aging and health in global perspective
Educational differentials in disability vary across and within welfare regimes
BACKGROUND: Social differentials in disability prevalence exist in all European countries, but their scale varies markedly. To improve understanding of this variation, the article focuses on each end of the social gradient. It compares the extent of the higher disability prevalence in low social groups (referred to as disability disadvantage) and of the lower prevalence in high social groups (disability advantage); country-specific advantages/dis…
Comparison of socio-economic indicators explaining inequalities in Healthy Life Years at age 50 in Europe
BACKGROUND: The first estimates of Healthy Life Years at age 50 (HLY50) across the EU25 countries in 2005 showed substantial variation in healthy ageing. We investigate whether factors contributing to HLY50 inequalities have changed between 2005 and 2010. METHODS: HLY50 for each country and year were calculated using Sullivan's method, applying the age-specific prevalence of activity limitation from the European Union Statistics on Income and Liv…
The effect of smoking on the duration of life with and without disability, Belgium 1997–2011
Smoking kills and shortens both life without and life with disability. Smoking related disability can however not be ignored, given its contribution to the excess years with disability especially in younger age groups
Inequalities in healthy life expectancy between ethnic groups in England and Wales in 2001
Inequalities in DFLE between ethnic groups are large and exceed those in LE. Moreover, certain ethnic groups have a larger burden of disability that does not seem to be associated with shorter LE. With the increasing population of the non-White British community, it is essential to be able to identify the ethnic groups at higher risk of disability, in order to target appropriate interventions
Drivers of inequality in disability-free expectancy at birth and age 85 across space and time in Great Britain
BACKGROUND: Although mortality and health inequalities at birth have increased both geographically and in socioeconomic terms, little is known about inequalities at age 85, the fastest growing sector of the population in Great Britain (GB). AIM: To determine whether trends and drivers of inequalities in life expectancy (LE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) at age 85 between 1991 and 2001 are the same as those at birth. METHODS: DFLE at …
Socioeconomic position and the association between anticipated and actual survival in older English adults
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic disadvantage may cause individuals to have lower expectations of longevity and not engage in healthy behaviours because they judge the long-term health benefits of these to be minimal. We explored demographic, health behaviour, health and socioeconomic correlates of subjectively estimated lifespan ('anticipated survival'); the ability of anticipated survival to predict actual survival; and whether the predictive ability …
Trends and inequalities in late-life health and functioning in England
BACKGROUND: Recently, late-life disability rates have declined in several countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation, but no national-level trend analysis for England has been available. The authors provide such analysis, including measures both early and late in the disablement process, and the authors investigate the extent to which temporal trends are associated with population changes in socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS: The…
Inequalities in health expectancies at older ages in the European Union
BACKGROUND: Life expectancy gaps between Eastern and Western Europe are well reported with even larger variations in healthy life years (HLY). AIMS: To compare European countries with respect to a wide range of health expectancies based on more specific measures that cover the disablement process in order to better understand previous inequalities. METHODS: Health expectancies at age 50 by gender and country using Sullivan's method were calculate…
Health and disease in a UK cohort of 85-year–olds
compared with participants who had died, for the three psychosocial measures, were: CASP-19 (3.75 and 6.02 respectively, p,0.001); GHQ-12 (1.24 and 2.12 respectively, p,0.001); and CES-D (1.53 and 2.44 respectively, p,0.001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for demographic, health, and lifestyle factors, CASP-19 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.13), GHQ-12 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.12), and CES-D (OR 1.13, …
Inequalities in healthy life years in the 25 countries of the European Union in 2005
Cohort differences in disease and disability in the young-old
This study provides evidence of rising levels of ill-health, as measured by the prevalence of self-reported chronic conditions, in the newer cohorts of the young-old. Though changes in diagnosis or reporting of disease cannot, as yet, be excluded, to better understand whether our findings reflect real increases in ill-health, investment should be made into improved population-based databases, linking self-report and objective measures of health a…
Regional differences in multidimensional aspects of health
Self-perceived health does not show marked variation with age or sex, but does across centre even after adjustment for impairment burden. There is considerable centre variation in self-reported functional impairment but not cognitive impairment. Only variation in self-perceived health relates to the ranking of life expectancy. These data confirm that quite considerable differences in life experience exist across regions of the UK beyond basic lif…
Does socio-economic advantage lead to a longer, healthier old age
Socioeconomic factors associated with the onset of disability in older age
Does socio-economic advantage lead to a longer, healthier old age
Knowledge, uptake and availability of health and social services among Asian Gujarati and white elderly persons
The lower uptake of services by elderly Asian Gujarati is not the result of better health but may be explained by greater family support together with a lack of knowledge of and dissatisfaction with what is available. Health services will need to reappraise and revise some of their practices if they are to cater adequately for this growing population with many needs as yet unmet
The Effect of Older People's Economic Resources on Care Home Entry Under the United Kingdom's Long-Term Care Financing System
UK public authorities can require older home owners to use the value of their homes to pay for institutional but not community-based care, thus producing a financial incentive to place home owners in institutional settings. However, we find that home ownership reduces the likelihood of care home entry, suggesting that other factors dominate the decision process
Physical Function and Perceived Health
Differences between seven-year birth cohorts in physical functioning (as measured by independence in activities of daily living) are compared with corresponding inter-cohort differences in perceived health, in people aged 75 years and over. Age-period-cohort models were fitted to two linked cross-sectional surveys undertaken in 1981 (N = 1,203) and 1988 (N = 1,579). The proportion of older people who were dependent in ADLs was lower in succeeding…
Religion, Life Expectancy, and Disability-Free Life Expectancy Among Older Women and Men in the United States
By estimating total, disability-free, and disabled LE, we are able to quantify the advantage of religion for health. Results are consistent with previous studies that have focused on health and mortality separately
Inequalities in health expectancies at older ages in the European Union
BACKGROUND: Life expectancy gaps between Eastern and Western Europe are well reported with even larger variations in healthy life years (HLY). AIMS: To compare European countries with respect to a wide range of health expectancies based on more specific measures that cover the disablement process in order to better understand previous inequalities. METHODS: Health expectancies at age 50 by gender and country using Sullivan's method were calculate…
Educational differentials in disability vary across and within welfare regimes
BACKGROUND: Social differentials in disability prevalence exist in all European countries, but their scale varies markedly. To improve understanding of this variation, the article focuses on each end of the social gradient. It compares the extent of the higher disability prevalence in low social groups (referred to as disability disadvantage) and of the lower prevalence in high social groups (disability advantage); country-specific advantages/dis…
Trends and inequalities in late-life health and functioning in England
BACKGROUND: Recently, late-life disability rates have declined in several countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation, but no national-level trend analysis for England has been available. The authors provide such analysis, including measures both early and late in the disablement process, and the authors investigate the extent to which temporal trends are associated with population changes in socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS: The…
Inequalities in healthy life expectancy between ethnic groups in England and Wales in 2001
Inequalities in DFLE between ethnic groups are large and exceed those in LE. Moreover, certain ethnic groups have a larger burden of disability that does not seem to be associated with shorter LE. With the increasing population of the non-White British community, it is essential to be able to identify the ethnic groups at higher risk of disability, in order to target appropriate interventions
Survival and functional capacity
A three year mortality study was undertaken of a population of 4490 people aged 65 and over in all types of hospitals and homes provided within a defined geographical area. The rate of survival consistently fell with increasing incapacity in mobility, incontinence, washing/dressing, and feeding. The effect was independent of differences in age, sex, and duration of stay. Differences in survival between patients and residents of National Health Se…
An investigation into the patterns of loneliness and loss in the oldest old – Newcastle 85+ Study
Old age is often characterised as being associated with neglect, isolation and loneliness, not least since established risks factors for loneliness include widowhood, living alone, depression and being female. Cross-sectional data have challenged the notion that loneliness is especially an old-age phenomenon but longitudinal data on loneliness is scarce. Moreover, an under-represented group in prior studies are the oldest old, those aged 85 years…
Religiosity Dimensions and Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Taiwan
Objectives: Eight years of panel data are used to investigate the association between three dimensions of religiosity and total and disability-free life expectancy (TLE/DFLE) in Taiwan. Method: Data come from the 1999 "Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging" (TLSA; N = 4,440; Age 55+). Dimensions of religiosity are public, private, belief, and coping. Mortality is linked to a national database. Disability is activities of daily living (ADLs). TLE/DFL…
Drivers of inequality in disability-free expectancy at birth and age 85 across space and time in Great Britain
BACKGROUND: Although mortality and health inequalities at birth have increased both geographically and in socioeconomic terms, little is known about inequalities at age 85, the fastest growing sector of the population in Great Britain (GB). AIM: To determine whether trends and drivers of inequalities in life expectancy (LE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) at age 85 between 1991 and 2001 are the same as those at birth. METHODS: DFLE at …
Socioeconomic position and the association between anticipated and actual survival in older English adults
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic disadvantage may cause individuals to have lower expectations of longevity and not engage in healthy behaviours because they judge the long-term health benefits of these to be minimal. We explored demographic, health behaviour, health and socioeconomic correlates of subjectively estimated lifespan ('anticipated survival'); the ability of anticipated survival to predict actual survival; and whether the predictive ability …
Survival and functional capacity
A three year mortality study was undertaken of a population of 4490 people aged 65 and over in all types of hospitals and homes provided within a defined geographical area. The rate of survival consistently fell with increasing incapacity in mobility, incontinence, washing/dressing, and feeding. The effect was independent of differences in age, sex, and duration of stay. Differences in survival between patients and residents of National Health Se…
The elderly at home
The physical status of all people aged 75 and over living in and around Melton Mowbray was assessed by the responses to a series of questions on the activities of daily living that the respondents could perform. Three methods of producing an index of disability from these separate questions are investigated: principal component analysis, Guttman scaling, and a variation of Guttman scaling known as severity grading. All the methods produced very s…
Handicaps associated with incontinence
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to explore the relationship between dementia, impairment of mobility, and incontinence and the implications for management. DESIGN--The study was a survey of a sample population drawn from a general practice register. SETTING--A large general practice serving the entire population of Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, UK. PARTICIPANTS--Of 1329 persons aged 75 or over, 1203 (90%) took part in the survey. Of non-responders…
Physical Function and Perceived Health
Differences between seven-year birth cohorts in physical functioning (as measured by independence in activities of daily living) are compared with corresponding inter-cohort differences in perceived health, in people aged 75 years and over. Age-period-cohort models were fitted to two linked cross-sectional surveys undertaken in 1981 (N = 1,203) and 1988 (N = 1,579). The proportion of older people who were dependent in ADLs was lower in succeeding…
Knowledge, uptake and availability of health and social services among Asian Gujarati and white elderly persons
The lower uptake of services by elderly Asian Gujarati is not the result of better health but may be explained by greater family support together with a lack of knowledge of and dissatisfaction with what is available. Health services will need to reappraise and revise some of their practices if they are to cater adequately for this growing population with many needs as yet unmet
Planning for the Future
Health expectancy measures incorporating mortality and morbidity may better determine the future needs of older people than current methods solely using mortality rates. Life expectancy with and without visual disability was calculated from two longitudinal studies of the elderly. Various scenarios of changing input transition rates were then explored. Women had a greater probability of transition to disability. Thus, increases in incidence had a…
Gender Differences in Life Expectancy Free of Impairment at Older Ages
This article uses data from the United Kingdom Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing study (MRC CFAS) to analyze morbidity associated with three areas of impairment. We use cognitive status, functional status, and physical illness to examine differences in the proportion of time that older women and men will spend with co-morbidity. We also analyze differences among various impairments, and investigate the relationship between mi…
European Perspectives on Healthy Aging in Women
Using data from the 1994 European Community Household Panel, we compare active life expectancy differentials at age 65 years between women and men in 12 European countries. We seek to explain the extent to which differences are a reflection of gender differentials in life expectancy at 65 years or reflect differences in active life expectancy earlier in life. Considerable variation in the gender differentials in both total and active life expecta…
The Effect of Older People's Economic Resources on Care Home Entry Under the United Kingdom's Long-Term Care Financing System
UK public authorities can require older home owners to use the value of their homes to pay for institutional but not community-based care, thus producing a financial incentive to place home owners in institutional settings. However, we find that home ownership reduces the likelihood of care home entry, suggesting that other factors dominate the decision process
Socioeconomic factors associated with the onset of disability in older age
Regional differences in multidimensional aspects of health
Self-perceived health does not show marked variation with age or sex, but does across centre even after adjustment for impairment burden. There is considerable centre variation in self-reported functional impairment but not cognitive impairment. Only variation in self-perceived health relates to the ranking of life expectancy. These data confirm that quite considerable differences in life experience exist across regions of the UK beyond basic lif…
Does socio-economic advantage lead to a longer, healthier old age
Cohort differences in disease and disability in the young-old
This study provides evidence of rising levels of ill-health, as measured by the prevalence of self-reported chronic conditions, in the newer cohorts of the young-old. Though changes in diagnosis or reporting of disease cannot, as yet, be excluded, to better understand whether our findings reflect real increases in ill-health, investment should be made into improved population-based databases, linking self-report and objective measures of health a…
Inequalities in healthy life years in the 25 countries of the European Union in 2005
Health and disease in a UK cohort of 85-year–olds
compared with participants who had died, for the three psychosocial measures, were: CASP-19 (3.75 and 6.02 respectively, p,0.001); GHQ-12 (1.24 and 2.12 respectively, p,0.001); and CES-D (1.53 and 2.44 respectively, p,0.001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for demographic, health, and lifestyle factors, CASP-19 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.13), GHQ-12 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.12), and CES-D (OR 1.13, …
Inequalities in health expectancies at older ages in the European Union
BACKGROUND: Life expectancy gaps between Eastern and Western Europe are well reported with even larger variations in healthy life years (HLY). AIMS: To compare European countries with respect to a wide range of health expectancies based on more specific measures that cover the disablement process in order to better understand previous inequalities. METHODS: Health expectancies at age 50 by gender and country using Sullivan's method were calculate…
Trends and inequalities in late-life health and functioning in England
BACKGROUND: Recently, late-life disability rates have declined in several countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation, but no national-level trend analysis for England has been available. The authors provide such analysis, including measures both early and late in the disablement process, and the authors investigate the extent to which temporal trends are associated with population changes in socioeconomic position (SEP). METHODS: The…
The effect of smoking on the duration of life with and without disability, Belgium 1997–2011
Smoking kills and shortens both life without and life with disability. Smoking related disability can however not be ignored, given its contribution to the excess years with disability especially in younger age groups
Inequalities in healthy life expectancy between ethnic groups in England and Wales in 2001
Inequalities in DFLE between ethnic groups are large and exceed those in LE. Moreover, certain ethnic groups have a larger burden of disability that does not seem to be associated with shorter LE. With the increasing population of the non-White British community, it is essential to be able to identify the ethnic groups at higher risk of disability, in order to target appropriate interventions
Drivers of inequality in disability-free expectancy at birth and age 85 across space and time in Great Britain
BACKGROUND: Although mortality and health inequalities at birth have increased both geographically and in socioeconomic terms, little is known about inequalities at age 85, the fastest growing sector of the population in Great Britain (GB). AIM: To determine whether trends and drivers of inequalities in life expectancy (LE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) at age 85 between 1991 and 2001 are the same as those at birth. METHODS: DFLE at …
Socioeconomic position and the association between anticipated and actual survival in older English adults
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic disadvantage may cause individuals to have lower expectations of longevity and not engage in healthy behaviours because they judge the long-term health benefits of these to be minimal. We explored demographic, health behaviour, health and socioeconomic correlates of subjectively estimated lifespan ('anticipated survival'); the ability of anticipated survival to predict actual survival; and whether the predictive ability …
Comparison of socio-economic indicators explaining inequalities in Healthy Life Years at age 50 in Europe
BACKGROUND: The first estimates of Healthy Life Years at age 50 (HLY50) across the EU25 countries in 2005 showed substantial variation in healthy ageing. We investigate whether factors contributing to HLY50 inequalities have changed between 2005 and 2010. METHODS: HLY50 for each country and year were calculated using Sullivan's method, applying the age-specific prevalence of activity limitation from the European Union Statistics on Income and Liv…
Spirituality, religiosity, aging and health in global perspective
Educational differentials in disability vary across and within welfare regimes
BACKGROUND: Social differentials in disability prevalence exist in all European countries, but their scale varies markedly. To improve understanding of this variation, the article focuses on each end of the social gradient. It compares the extent of the higher disability prevalence in low social groups (referred to as disability disadvantage) and of the lower prevalence in high social groups (disability advantage); country-specific advantages/dis…
An investigation into the patterns of loneliness and loss in the oldest old – Newcastle 85+ Study
Old age is often characterised as being associated with neglect, isolation and loneliness, not least since established risks factors for loneliness include widowhood, living alone, depression and being female. Cross-sectional data have challenged the notion that loneliness is especially an old-age phenomenon but longitudinal data on loneliness is scarce. Moreover, an under-represented group in prior studies are the oldest old, those aged 85 years…
Medicine (30 obras) · Demography (24 obras) · Gerontology (23 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (22 obras) · Population (22 obras) · Environmental health (17 obras) · Psychology (16 obras) · Life expectancy (15 obras) · Global Health Care Issues (14 obras) · Sociology (14 obras)