M A Andresen
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 273511 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | M A Andresen |
| NOMBRES | M A |
| APELLIDO | Andresen |
| FIRMA | ANDRESEN M A |
| AFILIACIONES | Simon Fraser University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4767-7276 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 62 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 278 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 62 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2004 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
Crime as a “Normal” Phenomenon
In a radical reimagining of crime in the 19 th century, Émile Durkheim described crime as a “normal” phenomenon which was functional and essential to the workings of healthy societies. Durkheim noted that crime performs specific functions: it reinforces collective norms, clarifies the boundaries of acceptable behavior, and fosters social cohesion in response to violations. In his view, a healthy social order would lead to relatively normal or con…
Ockham’s Razor and the Measurement of Crime Concentrations at Places
Generalized Gini coefficient, its statistical significance, and the local areas driving the global result
To tent and protect
Post COVID-19, visible homelessness in the form of encampments has grown in cities across North America. Often these encampments are stereotyped as posing health and safety risks. In response to public outcry, many of these encampments have been forcefully removed by city employees and police. However, it is unclear if encampments are criminogenic or simply create that perception. In this study, we use encampment data collected by the City of Bra…
Preventing Crime at Places
Reducing crime opportunities at places is a successful strategy to reduce actual crime. This conceptual article examines how reducing crime at places is also an opportunity to have greater social impact and improve social justice, particularly when crime displacement may occur, through the recognition that no place exists in a vacuum. We discuss opportunity reduction in its traditional form, but also in a broader context that considers a fuller e…
The influence of micro-places on the spatial patterns of property crime in Vancouver, Canada
Research has shown that crime is concentrated at a small number of micro-places. This research has found that these spatial patterns are generalisable across different urban settings and are relatively stable over time. Despite this, little is known about the explanatory factors of crime at the micro-spatial scale. Using police incident data and land-use information obtained from the Vancouver Open-Data catalogue, zero-inflated negative binomial …
Dangerous Times? A Routine Activities Examination of the Temporal Patterns of Sexual Offenses over Time
Despite environmental criminologists emphasizing the role that both space and time play in the occurrence of crime, there is still only a small literature on the temporal rhythms of criminal behavior, especially those of sexual violence. Drawing from routine activities theory, this research uses circular statistics to investigate the temporal patterns of 2,260 sexual offenses from a Canadian police database at the seasonal-, monthly-, daily-, and…
Crime down in the Paris of the prairies
The Immigration–Crime Relationship
We evaluate the relationships between immigration and crime at the census tract level. Using multiple measures of immigration considering nuances of the immigrant population and a statistical technique allowing for the identification of long- and short-run effects, we provide further evidence of the negative relationship between immigration and crime. However, we note that these relationships are not monolithic. Similar to the original work on so…
Refugees of Conflict, Casualties of Conjecture
There are more displaced persons worldwide today than there ever has been before. Many countries, despite the urgent need for collective effort in providing for these persons, have been slow to accommodate them. Applicants continue to face stringent legal and practical barriers to asylum, even in countries party to the various international refugee agreements. Restrictions on applications are routinely justified with reference to national securit…
Spatially Varying Unemployment and Crime Effects in the Long Run and Short Run
The Cantor and Land model of unemployment and crime separates the effects of long- and short-run unemployment. In the long run, increases in unemployment are expected to increase crime, whereas the same increases are expected to decrease crime in the short run. This model has been tested for decades, generally supporting these predictions. In this article, we investigate spatial variations in these relationships using geographically weighted regr…
Pathways of crime
Some urban spaces are associated with disproportionate numbers of criminal events, while other areas are relatively free from disorder and crime. The relationship between urban space and crime concentration has received increased attention in recent years, with the location quotient frequently presented as a tool to identify and quantify such concentration. This measure has several limitations, with one significant concern surrounding the choice …
The Temporal (In)Stability of the Unemployment and Crime Relationship
The complex relationship between crime and economic change has had a long pedigree in criminological research. This article considers the temporal stability of the Cantor and Land model of unemployment and crime using a decomposition model of Canadian provinces, 1981 to 2009. We include multiple economic measures for a more comprehensive representation of economic performance, allowing for the estimates of long- and short-run unemployment effects…
Show me a man or a woman alone and I'll show you a saint
We find support for changes in the frequency of particular crime types during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is important for criminal justice and social service practitioners when operating within an extraordinary event
The Diffusion of Detriment
Crime reduction strategies are often faced with the criticism of crime displacement. Conversely, criminologists find that reductions in crime in one area have a ‘diffusion of benefits’ to surrounding areas. However, these findings are limited due to a lack of extensive longitudinal data and qualitative data that provide context. We examine a natural experiment in displacement: the removal of a convergence setting in which calls for service immedi…
Spatially varying relationships between immigration measures and property crime Types in Vancouver Census Tracts, 2016
We empirically test for spatial heterogeneity or local effects of multiple immigration measures on various property crime classification across Vancouver census tracts, 2016. Using spatially referenced property crime data and census data, we use geographically weighted regression to investigate the neighbourhood-level effects of immigration on crime. We find that estimated parameters vary across space, but these local immigration effects do not a…
Environmental Criminology
"Revised and expanded, the second edition of Environmental Criminology offers an introduction to environmental criminology, covering its origins, its theoretical frameworks and the way in which they are operationalized and tested, practical applications, and policy implications for the practice of crime prevention"
Changing spatial patterns of residential burglary and the crime drop
Salute to Reviewers 2017–2018/ Hommage aux évaluateurs de 2017–2018
GIS and Spatial Analysis
The importance of spatial-temporal dimension(s) within environmental criminology has made the use and applications of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis rather widespread. This chapter covers some of the principles and advancements in the use of crime mapping and spatial analysis to study the spatial distribution of crime, primarily through the lens of environmental criminology. Crime mapping is defined as the spatial repre…
Staying out that public housing”
Identifying the nature of risky places for sexual crime
Using tweets to understand changes in the spatial crime distribution for hockey events in Vancouver
The use of social media data for the spatial analysis of crime patterns during social events has proven to be instructive. This study analyzes the geography of crime considering hockey game days, criminal behaviour, and Twitter activity. Specifically, we consider the relationship between geolocated crime-related Twitter activity and crime. We analyze six property crime types that are aggregated to the dissemination area base unit in Vancouver, fo…
The importance of gender in the spatial distribution of police interactions involving emotionally disturbed persons
The current study investigates gender differences in the spatial distribution of the British Columbia Mental Health Act (MHA), criminal and non-criminal police calls-for-service involving emotionally disturbed persons (EDP). Using a sample of 4341 police incidents over a three-year period, 13 pairwise spatial comparisons of similarity were completed across four dimensions: Mental Health Act events, criminal and non-criminal events, and gender. Re…
Unemployment and the specialization of criminal activity
Crime Measures and the Spatial Analysis of Criminal Activity
This paper investigates the spatial aspect of criminal activity in Vancouver, Canada, employing social disorganization theory, routine activity theory and multiple measures of crime. Crime counts and crime rates with residential and ambient populations as denominators are calculated using the calls for service made to the Vancouver Police Department. The ambient population—a 24-hour average estimate of a population in a spatial unit to capture th…
The Impact of Co-Offending
Co-offending has a major impact on the arithmetic of crime rates and the burdens on the justice system. This paper studies co-offending by single year of age using data that comprise 750,000 negative police contacts (those charged, chargeable and suspected in criminal offenses) in a largely metropolitan dataset from British Columbia, Canada, 2002-06. We find that shifts in co-offending rates within teenage years are extremely rapid and highly sen…
Exploring the impact of ambient population measures on London crime hotspots
Purpose Crime analysts need accurate population-at-risk measures to quantify crime rates. This research evaluates five measures to find the most suitable ambient population-at-risk estimate for ‘theft from the person’ crimes. Method 1. Collect ‘ambient’ datasets: the 2011 Census, aggregate mobile telephone locations, and social media. 2. Correlate the population measures against crime volumes to identify the strongest predictor. 3. Use the Gi* st…
A spatial analysis of crime in Vancouver, British Columbia
This article investigates the spatial dimension of automotive theft, break and enter, and violent crime in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1996. The article uses and synthesizes social disorganization theory and routine activity theory as a theoretical backcloth and employs a spatial autoregressive regression procedure that accounts for spatial autocorrelation between crime rates and socio‐economic characteristics at the census tract level. Strong…
Show me a man or a woman alone and I'll show you a saint
We find support for changes in the frequency of particular crime types during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is important for criminal justice and social service practitioners when operating within an extraordinary event
The impact of using social media data in crime rate calculations
Crime rate is a statistic used to summarize the risk of criminal events. However, research has shown that choosing the appropriate denominator is non-trivial. Different crime types exhibit different spatial opportunities and so does the population at risk. The residential population is the most commonly used population at risk, but is unlikely to be suitable for crimes that involve mobile populations. In this article, we use “crowd-sourced” data …
Age and the distance to crime
The journey-to-crime literature consistently shows that the distance to crime is short, particularly for violent crimes. Recent research has revealed methodological concerns regarding various (improper) groupings of data (nesting effects). In this article we investigate one such nesting effect: the relationship between age and the distance to crime. Contrary to much of the research that investigates this phenomenon, using a large incident-based d…
Location Quotients, Ambient Populations, and the Spatial Analysis of Crime in Vancouver, Canada
This paper uses the location quotient, a common measurement from economic geography and regional economics, to capture the specialization of criminal activity in Vancouver, Canada. Location quotients have barely been introduced into criminological research, yet they provide additional insight into crime analysis not available using crime counts and crime rates. The location quotients for automotive theft, break and enter, and violent crimes are m…
Unemployment and crime
Geography of crime in a Brazilian context
Geography of crime research dates back to the early 1800s, most of which in English and in the context of the United States and Europe, but with a growing and significant literature studying the developing world. We contribute to this literature through an application of social disorganization theory in a Latin American context: Campinas, Brazil. We consider a number of property and violent crime types using census tracts as the spatial unit of a…
Crime on the edges
Criminologists have long-known that different locations have varying levels of risk for criminal victimization. Based on the geometry of crime and its corresponding crime generators and crime attractors, edges (boundaries between relatively homogeneous neighborhoods) are locations with an elevated risk of criminal victimization. In this article, we investigate the importance of edges. We find that criminal victimization rates are 2–3 times on an …
The decline and locational shift of automotive theft
Investigate the changes in the spatial patterns of auto theft in Vancouver, British Columbia during a time of a significant crime drop. Geo-referenced auto theft data, 2003 and 2013, is analyzed considering crime concentrations at the street segment level, kernel density estimation, and a nonparametric spatial point pattern test that identifies the similarity in spatial point patterns. Auto theft in Vancouver has dropped significantly, but does n…
An area-based nonparametric spatial point pattern test
The analysis of spatial point patterns is a critical component of the geographic information analysis literature. Most of the tests for these data are concerned with random, uniform, and clustered patterns. However, knowing whether a spatial point pattern is similar to these theoretical data-generating processes is not always instructive: most human activity is clustered, so finding that some component of human activity is clustered is not really…
Estimating the probability of local crime clusters
The Geography of the Canada–United States Border Effect
Andresen M. A. The geography of the Canada–United States border effect, Regional Studies. The Canada–United States border effect is a heavily researched area. Despite the plethora of research, very few regional analyses have emerged. This lack of regional analyses is curious because this limited research has shown a strong geographical component to the border effect. This paper contributes to the border effect literature by resolving the border e…
Identifying the nature of risky places for sexual crime
Changing spatial patterns of residential burglary and the crime drop
Staying out that public housing”
Unemployment and the specialization of criminal activity
Preventing Crime at Places
Reducing crime opportunities at places is a successful strategy to reduce actual crime. This conceptual article examines how reducing crime at places is also an opportunity to have greater social impact and improve social justice, particularly when crime displacement may occur, through the recognition that no place exists in a vacuum. We discuss opportunity reduction in its traditional form, but also in a broader context that considers a fuller e…
Spatially varying relationships between immigration measures and property crime Types in Vancouver Census Tracts, 2016
We empirically test for spatial heterogeneity or local effects of multiple immigration measures on various property crime classification across Vancouver census tracts, 2016. Using spatially referenced property crime data and census data, we use geographically weighted regression to investigate the neighbourhood-level effects of immigration on crime. We find that estimated parameters vary across space, but these local immigration effects do not a…
The importance of gender in the spatial distribution of police interactions involving emotionally disturbed persons
The current study investigates gender differences in the spatial distribution of the British Columbia Mental Health Act (MHA), criminal and non-criminal police calls-for-service involving emotionally disturbed persons (EDP). Using a sample of 4341 police incidents over a three-year period, 13 pairwise spatial comparisons of similarity were completed across four dimensions: Mental Health Act events, criminal and non-criminal events, and gender. Re…
Unemployment, business cycles, crime, and the Canadian provinces
Canada‐United States interregional trade
Interregional trade between Canada and the United States has undergone significant change since the inception of free trade. However, the magnitude of that change for the different regions in Canada and the United States has not been properly identified because of a lack of an appropriate measure. This paper introduces the concept of a quasi‐point and employs a spatial point pattern test to measure the degree of change in the interregional trade …
Regionalizing global trade patterns, 1981–2001
This paper investigates the establishment of trading regions in the global economy at the national level using a measure of trade intensity and a regional assignment algorithm that generates economically meaningful trading regions. Although there is definite regionalization in the global economy with regard to international trade, there is no evidence of an increase in the concentration of that regionalization over time. The geography of internat…
Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars
The Effect of North American Trade Liberalization on the Nature of Canadian Trade, 1989–2002
I. Introduction By the early 1980s, Canada-United States international trade was the largest bilateral trade flow in the world. In order to reduce its vulnerability to unilateral action from the United States through its foreign trade policy, the Government of Canada requested a comprehensive free trade agreement with the United States (as set out by the MacDonald Royal Commission) in 1985. This request was made despite the fact that in 1985, 85 …
A spatial analysis of crime in Vancouver, British Columbia
This article investigates the spatial dimension of automotive theft, break and enter, and violent crime in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1996. The article uses and synthesizes social disorganization theory and routine activity theory as a theoretical backcloth and employs a spatial autoregressive regression procedure that accounts for spatial autocorrelation between crime rates and socio‐economic characteristics at the census tract level. Strong…
Crime Measures and the Spatial Analysis of Criminal Activity
This paper investigates the spatial aspect of criminal activity in Vancouver, Canada, employing social disorganization theory, routine activity theory and multiple measures of crime. Crime counts and crime rates with residential and ambient populations as denominators are calculated using the calls for service made to the Vancouver Police Department. The ambient population—a 24-hour average estimate of a population in a spatial unit to capture th…
Location Quotients, Ambient Populations, and the Spatial Analysis of Crime in Vancouver, Canada
This paper uses the location quotient, a common measurement from economic geography and regional economics, to capture the specialization of criminal activity in Vancouver, Canada. Location quotients have barely been introduced into criminological research, yet they provide additional insight into crime analysis not available using crime counts and crime rates. The location quotients for automotive theft, break and enter, and violent crimes are m…
Visualizing Ambient Population Data within Census Boundaries
The visualization of areal census data is sensitive to the modifiable areal unit problem. Consequently, though not widely used, dasymetric mapping procedures have been developed to provide a more convincing representation of such areal data. This article extends past research on dasymetric mapping procedures to visualize fine-resolution raster data for the ambient population within census boundaries. We find that the dasymetric mapping procedure …
The evolving quality of trade between Canada and the United States
This article examines the quality level of trade between Canada and the United States, 1979–2003, to investigate the relevance of staples theory for Canada. After disentangling the quality levels of trade, it is found that the pattern of quality‐level trade changed significantly around the time free trade was established between Canada and the United States. Before free trade, Canada was moving into the lower end of quality, but after the establi…
The Geography of the Canada–United States Border Effect
Andresen M. A. The geography of the Canada–United States border effect, Regional Studies. The Canada–United States border effect is a heavily researched area. Despite the plethora of research, very few regional analyses have emerged. This lack of regional analyses is curious because this limited research has shown a strong geographical component to the border effect. This paper contributes to the border effect literature by resolving the border e…
Regionalizing global trade patterns, 1981–2001
This paper investigates the establishment of trading regions in the global economy at the national level using a measure of trade intensity and a regional assignment algorithm that generates economically meaningful trading regions. Although there is definite regionalization in the global economy with regard to international trade, there is no evidence of an increase in the concentration of that regionalization over time. The geography of internat…
Trade Specialization and Reciprocal Trading Relationships in Canada and the United States, 1989 and 2001
Interregional trade flows of Canada (provinces) and the United States (states), the world's largest bilateral trading partnership, are investigated using a measure of trade specialization similar to the location quotient and using provinces and states as the spatial units of analysis. Past research investigating the clusters in the geography of international trade flows have focused on national units of analysis, despite the fact that subnational…
The Impact of Co-Offending
Co-offending has a major impact on the arithmetic of crime rates and the burdens on the justice system. This paper studies co-offending by single year of age using data that comprise 750,000 negative police contacts (those charged, chargeable and suspected in criminal offenses) in a largely metropolitan dataset from British Columbia, Canada, 2002-06. We find that shifts in co-offending rates within teenage years are extremely rapid and highly sen…
A cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of Vancouver's supervised injection facility
Canada‐United States interregional trade
Interregional trade between Canada and the United States has undergone significant change since the inception of free trade. However, the magnitude of that change for the different regions in Canada and the United States has not been properly identified because of a lack of an appropriate measure. This paper introduces the concept of a quasi‐point and employs a spatial point pattern test to measure the degree of change in the interregional trade …
Geographies of International Trade
As old as civilization itself, international trade is fundamentally important to the economic well-being of nations and their regions. As with any other economic activity, international trade has a geography. Despite this geographic nature of international trade, it is a relatively unexplored topic by economic geographers. This is not to say that economic geographers do not investigate international economic activity, only that they do not study …
Testing the Stability of Crime Patterns
Recent research in the ‘‘crime at places’’ literature is concerned with smaller units of analysis than conventional spatial criminology. An important issue is whether the spatial patterns observed in conventional spatial criminology focused on neighborhoods remain when the analysis shifts to street segments. In this article, the authors use a new spatial point pattern test that identifies the similarity in spatial point patterns. This test is loc…
The Ambient Population and Crime Analysis
This article uses an alternative measure of the population at risk, the ambient population (provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory), in crime rate calculations. It is shown through a variety of statistical analyses at two different scales of aggregation that this alternatively calculated crime rate is not always related to the conventionally calculated crime rate. The implications of this finding are that past theoretical testing and policy fo…
Estimating the probability of local crime clusters
The Impact of Accession to the European Union on Violent Crime in Lithuania
Research on Russia’s transition from a centrally planned to a free market economy indicates that socio-economic adjustment led to increases in violent crime. This study assesses the impact of accession to the European Union on the levels and trends of violent crime in Lithuania using panel data representing Lithuanian municipalities (2001–2006) and fixed effect models. The levels and trends of violent crime in Lithuania are impacted: the levels o…
The (in)appropriateness of aggregating across crime types
The impact of closed-circuit television in a car park on the fear of crime
The Point of Diminishing Returns
North America’s only government-sanctioned supervised injection facility, Insite, has been subjected to substantial research. This research has found evidence for numerous public health benefits: decreased risky injection behaviour, decreased fatal overdoses, increased probability of initiating and maintaining addiction treatment, and cost-effectiveness. To date, a small number of costing studies have emerged with none of them investigating Insit…
Unemployment and crime
Crime seasonality and its variations across space
Age and the distance to crime
The journey-to-crime literature consistently shows that the distance to crime is short, particularly for violent crimes. Recent research has revealed methodological concerns regarding various (improper) groupings of data (nesting effects). In this article we investigate one such nesting effect: the relationship between age and the distance to crime. Contrary to much of the research that investigates this phenomenon, using a large incident-based d…
Unemployment, business cycles, crime, and the Canadian provinces
Crime Patterns and Interventions (45 obras) · Criminology (39 obras) · Geography (38 obras) · Sociology (33 obras) · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance (22 obras) · Economics (20 obras) · Psychology (20 obras) · Computer Science (18 obras) · Political science (17 obras) · Mathematics (15 obras)