Lester M Salamon
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 274429 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Lester M Salamon |
| NOMBRES | Lester M |
| APELLIDO | Salamon |
| FIRMA | SALAMON L M |
| AFILIACIONES | Johns Hopkins University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4686-8940 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 47 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 833 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 47 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1970 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 13 |
Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Theorizing the Third Sector
This article reviews and calls attention to the work underlying significant improvements in the conceptualization, measurement and analysis of the third sector on a comparative basis worldwide that have been made over the past three decades. This article provides an update on the current status of each measurement instrument, their institutionalization in the world’s major official statistical systems, and describes how they can work in concert t…
Illusion of Presidential Government
The Nonprofit Sector in Comparative Perspective
Prospects for Nonprofits and Philanthropy in the Trump Presidency
Based on the limited information currently available about Donald Trump’s plans for his presidency, his tenure looks like it will be a difficult time for the nonprofit sector and philanthropy in the U.S. Nonprofits and philanthropy can expect to face significant challenges from expected tax cuts, spending cuts, and regulatory changes. One of the few bright spots for nonprofits and philanthropy may be possible Trump administration support for new …
Beyond Nonprofits
The idea of a “third sector” beyond the arenas of the state and the market is probably one of the most perplexing concepts in modern political and social discourse, encompassing as it does a tremendous diversity of institutions and behaviors that only relatively recently have been perceived in public or scholarly discourse as a distinct sector, and even then with grave misgivings. Initial work on this concept focused on what is still widely regar…
The Resilient Sector Revisited
Today America's nonprofit sector, long a critically important part of the nation's social and economic fabric, is more important than ever. Economic woes and cutbacks in public services have put additional burdens squarely on the nonprofit sector's shoulders, exacerbating the sector's longstanding conflicting multiple identities as not-for-profit organizations operating in a for-profit market economy, relying heavily on volunteers but expected to…
Resilient Sector Revisited
Nonprofit America is one of the least understood segments of national life, yet also one of the most crucial. Author Lester Salamon, who pioneered the empirical study of the nonprofit sector in the United States, provides a wealth of new data to paint a compelling picture of a set of institutions being buffeted by a withering set of challenges, yet still finding ways to survive and prosper. These challenges, however, are posing enormous risks to …
Introduction
This brief article introduces the Special Issue “Unlikely Partners? Evolving Government-Nonprofit Relationships, East and West”, which calls attention to a growing pattern of “nonprofitization” of the welfare state in countries stretching from Western Europe, through Central Europe and Russia, and into Central Asia and the Far East to determine what lessons they might hold for the Russian experience and for the evolution of the modern welfare sta…
Government–Nonprofit Cooperation
This paper challenges widespread philosophical and conceptual theories of the nonprofit sector and the state that question, or leave little conceptual room for, extensive cooperation between nonprofit organizations and government. To do so, the paper calls attention to shortcomings in the prevailing market failure/government failure theories of the nonprofit sector that have obscured recognition of key features of the sector that make cooperation…
Penetrating the Dual Realities of Government–Nonprofit Relations in Russia
This article seeks to unravel the dual realities represented by the juxtaposition of the recent series of harsh regulatory impositions on Russian nonprofit organizations and the nearly simultaneous enactment of a series of laws and decrees establishing an impressive “tool box” of positive support programs for a large class of the so-called socially oriented Russian nonprofit organizations. To do so, the discussion proceeds in three steps. First, …
Philanthropication thru privatization
The State of Nonprofit America
Today, America's nonprofit organizations seem caught in a force field, buffeted by four impulses - voluntarism, professionalism, civic activism, and commercialism. Too little attention, however, has been paid to the significant tensions among these impulses. Understanding this force field and the factors shaping its dynamics thus becomes central to understanding the future of particular organizations and of the nonprofit sector as a whole. In thi…
Measuring the Economic Value of Volunteer Work Globally
This article explores alternative approaches for measuring the economic value of volunteer work, develops a methodology for producing global estimates of this value using existing data sources, and identifies a new data source that promises to yield significantly improved data on which to base such estimates in the future at both the global and national levels. Both volunteering through organizations and directly for individuals are considered. D…
Putting the Civil Society Sector on the Economic Map of the World
The past twenty‐five years have witnessed a spectacular expansion of philanthropy, volunteering, and civil society organizations throughout the world. Indeed, we seem to be in the midst of a ‘global associational revolution,’ a worldwide upsurge of organized private voluntary activity. Despite the promise that this development holds, however, the nonprofit or civil society sector remains the invisible subcontinent on the social landscape of most …
Second commentary on Heinrich
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall? Commentary on Heinrich
Social Engagement
In Search of the Nonprofit Sector
The purpose of this article is to assess the data resources currently available to measure the scope and structure of the nonprofit sector and to describe an effort underway to fill some of the existing knowledge gaps. This article discusses a rich but so far underutilized source of data on nonprofit employment: the ES-202 data program managed by State Employment Security Agencies under the supervision of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This…
Volunteering in Cross-National Perspective
Volunteering has not only become an important issue in the United States; it is also receiving much more attention in many other countries.In many ways, volunteering enjoys greater political and cultural recognition today than it did in past decades.As frequently happens, however, greater awareness seems related to the extent to which an issue is seen as problematic, or as something beneficial that no longer can be taken for granted.The environme…
Global civil society
First place winner of Independent Sector s 2001 Virginia A. Hodgkinson Research Prize* Detailed analyses of twenty-two countries in Europe, the Americas, Asia, and the Middle East * Exemplifies how global civil society has significantly grown in recent yearsThis is a comprehensive country-by-country analysis of the scope, size, composition, and financing of the global civil society sector throughout the world. The contributors assert that the non…
The Nonprofit Sector at a Crossroads
Despite some encouraging trends, America’s nonprofit sector stands at a cross-roads because of an interrelated series of challenges. Government budget cuts beginning in the early 1980s have eliminated a significant source of nonprofit revenues and created a serious fiscal squeeze for many organizations. Although the sector as a whole managed to replace this lost revenue, it has done so largely through fees and charges that have attracted for-prof…
Social Origins of Civil Society
Recent research has usefully documented the contribution that nonprofit organizations make to “social capital” and to the economic and political development it seems to foster. Because of a gross lack of basic comparative data, however, the question of what it is that allows such organizations to develop remains far from settled. This article seeks to remedy this by testing five existing theories of the nonprofit sector against data assembled on …
On Developing Comparative Nonprofit-Sector Theory
Responding to comments on “Social Origins of Civil Society, ” an article published in this issue of Voluntas, this article focuses on three critical issues that underlie cross-national theory building and theory testing in the field of nonprofit studies: the issue of definitions, the challenge of operationalizing key theoretical concepts, and the nature of the tests available to verify results. Regarding the first, the article defends the structu…
The civil society sector
The emerging nonprofit sector
Provides a comparative analysis of the findings of individual empirical assessments of the scope, structure and financing of the nonprofit sector in twelve countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Japan, Brazil, Ghana, Egypt, Thailand, and India. Explores the global scale of this sector, its sources of revenue, and differences between the countries analyzed.
Social Origins of Civil Society
Recent research has usefully documented the contribution that nonprofit organizations make to “social capital” and to the economic and political development it seems to foster. Because of a gross lack of basic comparative data, however, the question of what it is that allows such organizations to develop remains far from settled. This article seeks to remedy this by testing five existing theories of the nonprofit sector against data assembled on …
Partners in Public Service
The Marketization of Welfare
Recent changes in government spending coupled with demographic and other pressures have produced a significant change in the basic structure of the American social welfare system. The widespread pattern of government-nonprofit partnership that characterized the system in the 1960s and 1970s seems to have given way in the 1980s to a system whose principal characteristic is the dominance of markettype relationships. One facet of this change has bee…
In search of the non-profit sector. I
In this paper we argue that the lack of attention to the third sector historically is primarily a result of the weakness and limitations of the concepts that are used to define and describe it. The purpose of this article is to remedy this situation by developing a general definition of the sector that can be used in comparative research. To do so, the article first identifies four alternative types of definitions that are potentially available a…
Government–Nonprofit Cooperation
This paper challenges widespread philosophical and conceptual theories of the nonprofit sector and the state that question, or leave little conceptual room for, extensive cooperation between nonprofit organizations and government. To do so, the paper calls attention to shortcomings in the prevailing market failure/government failure theories of the nonprofit sector that have obscured recognition of key features of the sector that make cooperation…
The Nonprofit Sector at a Crossroads
Despite some encouraging trends, America’s nonprofit sector stands at a cross-roads because of an interrelated series of challenges. Government budget cuts beginning in the early 1980s have eliminated a significant source of nonprofit revenues and created a serious fiscal squeeze for many organizations. Although the sector as a whole managed to replace this lost revenue, it has done so largely through fees and charges that have attracted for-prof…
The Rise of the Nonprofit Sector
A striking upsurge is under way around the globe in organized voluntary activity and the creation of private, nonprofit or non governmental organizations. From the developed countries of North America, Europe and Asia to the developing societies of Africa, Latin America and the former Soviet bloc, people are forming associations, foundations and similar institutions to deliver human services, pro mote grass-roots economic development, prevent env…
Fear, Apathy, and Discrimination
Students of political participation have generally taken as given that nonparticipation in politics is a result of apathy, and that apathy is a function of low income, low education, and low status. This article suggests that there are two additional potential explanations of political participation rates besides that offered by the conventional wisdom. One of these acknowledges that political participation for some people in some circumstances i…
Economic Power and Political Influence
Political scientists have devoted considerable attention to the ways in which economic power can be translated into political influence. Yet there has been little empirical research capable of confirming or denying general hypotheses about the political implications of various aspects of economic structure. This article seeks to begin filling this gap by first identifying five aspects of economic structure likely to affect an industry's political…
Beyond Nonprofits
The idea of a “third sector” beyond the arenas of the state and the market is probably one of the most perplexing concepts in modern political and social discourse, encompassing as it does a tremendous diversity of institutions and behaviors that only relatively recently have been perceived in public or scholarly discourse as a distinct sector, and even then with grave misgivings. Initial work on this concept focused on what is still widely regar…
Penetrating the Dual Realities of Government–Nonprofit Relations in Russia
This article seeks to unravel the dual realities represented by the juxtaposition of the recent series of harsh regulatory impositions on Russian nonprofit organizations and the nearly simultaneous enactment of a series of laws and decrees establishing an impressive “tool box” of positive support programs for a large class of the so-called socially oriented Russian nonprofit organizations. To do so, the discussion proceeds in three steps. First, …
In search of the non-profit sector II
Building on a previous Voluntas article (Salamon and Anheier, 1992b), which formulated a systematic approach to defining the non-profit sector for purposes of comparative research, this article takes on the complementary task of formulating a classification system that can be used to differentiate systematically the types of non-profit organisations that exist at the global level. To do so, the artide first assesses a number of existing classific…
Measuring the Economic Value of Volunteer Work Globally
This article explores alternative approaches for measuring the economic value of volunteer work, develops a methodology for producing global estimates of this value using existing data sources, and identifies a new data source that promises to yield significantly improved data on which to base such estimates in the future at both the global and national levels. Both volunteering through organizations and directly for individuals are considered. D…
Putting the Civil Society Sector on the Economic Map of the World
The past twenty‐five years have witnessed a spectacular expansion of philanthropy, volunteering, and civil society organizations throughout the world. Indeed, we seem to be in the midst of a ‘global associational revolution,’ a worldwide upsurge of organized private voluntary activity. Despite the promise that this development holds, however, the nonprofit or civil society sector remains the invisible subcontinent on the social landscape of most …
Introduction
This brief article introduces the Special Issue “Unlikely Partners? Evolving Government-Nonprofit Relationships, East and West”, which calls attention to a growing pattern of “nonprofitization” of the welfare state in countries stretching from Western Europe, through Central Europe and Russia, and into Central Asia and the Far East to determine what lessons they might hold for the Russian experience and for the evolution of the modern welfare sta…
The civil society sector
Comparative History and the Theory of Modernization
One of the sorest needs in the social sciences is for clear and concise conceptual equipment to give structure to disciplines and order to the range of hypotheses these disciplines purport to explore. Perhaps nowhere is this need for conceptual equipment more pressing, however, than in that amorphous area of study that examines the broad range of social processes gathered under the rubric of “modernization.” Depending on one's perspective, the pr…
Exploring the Nonprofit Motive (Or
Measuring the non-profit sector cross-nationally
As a result in part of the way non-profit institutions are defined and treated in the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA), little is known about the size, scope, financial base and role of this set of institutions at the international level, even though their importance is increasingly being recognised throughout the world. To remedy this significant lack of systematic information on non-profit institutions cross-nationally, the John…
The Goals of Reorga niza tion
Recent debates, both in the political arena and in academic circles, have thoroughly clouded the objectives that government reorganization can reasonably be expected to advance. To remedy this, this article suggests a framework for sorting out the lengthy laundry lists of possible goals commonly associated with reorganization. According to this framework, reorganizations can be distinguished according to whether their primary objective is (1) eco…
Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Theorizing the Third Sector
This article reviews and calls attention to the work underlying significant improvements in the conceptualization, measurement and analysis of the third sector on a comparative basis worldwide that have been made over the past three decades. This article provides an update on the current status of each measurement instrument, their institutionalization in the world’s major official statistical systems, and describes how they can work in concert t…
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall? Commentary on Heinrich
On Developing Comparative Nonprofit-Sector Theory
Responding to comments on “Social Origins of Civil Society, ” an article published in this issue of Voluntas, this article focuses on three critical issues that underlie cross-national theory building and theory testing in the field of nonprofit studies: the issue of definitions, the challenge of operationalizing key theoretical concepts, and the nature of the tests available to verify results. Regarding the first, the article defends the structu…
In Search of the Nonprofit Sector
The purpose of this article is to assess the data resources currently available to measure the scope and structure of the nonprofit sector and to describe an effort underway to fill some of the existing knowledge gaps. This article discusses a rich but so far underutilized source of data on nonprofit employment: the ES-202 data program managed by State Employment Security Agencies under the supervision of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This…
The Nonprofit Almanac
The Nonprofit Almanac (née Dimensions of the Independent Sector ), is an invaluable compilation of basic statistical data on the non-profit sector in the United States. Included within this volume are detailed figures on the expenditures and revenues of the non-profit sector as a whole and of its component parts, as well as extensive data on the activities of foundations and the scope and pattern of private giving and volunteering. Invaluable tho…
Comparative History and the Theory of Modernization
One of the sorest needs in the social sciences is for clear and concise conceptual equipment to give structure to disciplines and order to the range of hypotheses these disciplines purport to explore. Perhaps nowhere is this need for conceptual equipment more pressing, however, than in that amorphous area of study that examines the broad range of social processes gathered under the rubric of “modernization.” Depending on one's perspective, the pr…
Leadership and Modernization
Fear, Apathy, and Discrimination
Students of political participation have generally taken as given that nonparticipation in politics is a result of apathy, and that apathy is a function of low income, low education, and low status. This article suggests that there are two additional potential explanations of political participation rates besides that offered by the conventional wisdom. One of these acknowledges that political participation for some people in some circumstances i…
Fear Revisited
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The Politics of Progress
Urban Politics, Urban Policy, Case Studies, and Political Theory
Economic Power and Political Influence
Political scientists have devoted considerable attention to the ways in which economic power can be translated into political influence. Yet there has been little empirical research capable of confirming or denying general hypotheses about the political implications of various aspects of economic structure. This article seeks to begin filling this gap by first identifying five aspects of economic structure likely to affect an industry's political…
The Goals of Reorga niza tion
Recent debates, both in the political arena and in academic circles, have thoroughly clouded the objectives that government reorganization can reasonably be expected to advance. To remedy this, this article suggests a framework for sorting out the lengthy laundry lists of possible goals commonly associated with reorganization. According to this framework, reorganizations can be distinguished according to whether their primary objective is (1) eco…
Reagan's First Term
Of Market Failure, Voluntary Failure, and Third-Party Government
Despite the fact that gouernment in the United States relies more heavily on nonprofit organizations than on its own instrumentalities to deliver government- funded human services, and that nonprofits receive more of their income from government than from any other single source, the phenomenon of government- nonprofit partnership has been largely overlooked both in analyses of the welfare state and in research on the voluntary sector. This artic…
Moving beyond Privatization
In search of the non-profit sector II
Building on a previous Voluntas article (Salamon and Anheier, 1992b), which formulated a systematic approach to defining the non-profit sector for purposes of comparative research, this article takes on the complementary task of formulating a classification system that can be used to differentiate systematically the types of non-profit organisations that exist at the global level. To do so, the artide first assesses a number of existing classific…
In search of the non-profit sector. I
In this paper we argue that the lack of attention to the third sector historically is primarily a result of the weakness and limitations of the concepts that are used to define and describe it. The purpose of this article is to remedy this situation by developing a general definition of the sector that can be used in comparative research. To do so, the article first identifies four alternative types of definitions that are potentially available a…
The Nonprofit Almanac
The Nonprofit Almanac (née Dimensions of the Independent Sector ), is an invaluable compilation of basic statistical data on the non-profit sector in the United States. Included within this volume are detailed figures on the expenditures and revenues of the non-profit sector as a whole and of its component parts, as well as extensive data on the activities of foundations and the scope and pattern of private giving and volunteering. Invaluable tho…
Human Capital and America's Future
The Marketization of Welfare
Recent changes in government spending coupled with demographic and other pressures have produced a significant change in the basic structure of the American social welfare system. The widespread pattern of government-nonprofit partnership that characterized the system in the 1960s and 1970s seems to have given way in the 1980s to a system whose principal characteristic is the dominance of markettype relationships. One facet of this change has bee…
Human Capital and America's Future
Non-profit institutions in the United Nations System of National Accounts
Based on a description of how non-profit institutions are defined in the System of National Accounts, this paper examines the actual treatment of non-profit institutions in several countries, and comes up with an overall assessment in terms of coverage and data quality. Finding both data coverage and quality poor across countries, we make two recommendations aimed at improving the presentation and understanding of non-profit institutions within t…
Measuring the non-profit sector cross-nationally
As a result in part of the way non-profit institutions are defined and treated in the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA), little is known about the size, scope, financial base and role of this set of institutions at the international level, even though their importance is increasingly being recognised throughout the world. To remedy this significant lack of systematic information on non-profit institutions cross-nationally, the John…
Exploring the Nonprofit Motive (Or
The Rise of the Nonprofit Sector
A striking upsurge is under way around the globe in organized voluntary activity and the creation of private, nonprofit or non governmental organizations. From the developed countries of North America, Europe and Asia to the developing societies of Africa, Latin America and the former Soviet bloc, people are forming associations, foundations and similar institutions to deliver human services, pro mote grass-roots economic development, prevent env…
Partners in Public Service
The emerging nonprofit sector
Provides a comparative analysis of the findings of individual empirical assessments of the scope, structure and financing of the nonprofit sector in twelve countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Japan, Brazil, Ghana, Egypt, Thailand, and India. Explores the global scale of this sector, its sources of revenue, and differences between the countries analyzed.
The civil society sector
Social Origins of Civil Society
Recent research has usefully documented the contribution that nonprofit organizations make to “social capital” and to the economic and political development it seems to foster. Because of a gross lack of basic comparative data, however, the question of what it is that allows such organizations to develop remains far from settled. This article seeks to remedy this by testing five existing theories of the nonprofit sector against data assembled on …
Political science (36 obras) · Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering (27 obras) · Economics (23 obras) · Law (19 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Politics (17 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Public relations (15 obras) · Business (14 obras) · Public Administration (14 obras)