Young-An Kim
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 276776 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Young-An Kim |
| NOMBRES | Young-An |
| APELLIDO | Kim |
| FIRMA | KIM Y |
| AFILIACIONES | Florida State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0244-4070 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 37 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 37 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2014 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Examining the impact of vertical land use mix on urban crime at the block level
Evolving technologies in law enforcement
Real-time crime centers (RTCCs) have rapidly proliferated among law enforcement agencies in the United States, becoming a central feature in modern policing. However, research on RTCCs remains limited, particularly regarding the recent surge in their development. Using data from a nationally representative survey of law enforcement agencies, this study examines the development of RTCCs and their operational characteristics. Results reveal that RT…
Spatial Modeling in Neighborhood and Crime Studies
We theoretically discuss why addressing spatial dependence is important and empirically demonstrate its methodological advantages in the context of neighborhood and crime studies. We found that as the uncertainty in measuring neighbors increases, the bias in the coefficient estimates increases. However, importantly, we also observed that even with a high rate of uncertainty in the spatial matrix, the bias is smaller than in the non-spatial models…
Making Spatial More Spatial
A Machine Learning Approach to Analyzing Crime Concentration
Building upon prior work, we propose an alternative way to look at the pattern of spatial crime concentration and temporal stability of it. We first identify a high-crime cluster using the sample block groups in New York City by employing a k-means clustering method. We then examine the temporal stability of the high-crime cluster over time. We also longitudinally assess how our high-crime cluster classification is associated with the actual amou…
Examining how structural characteristics and the physical environment simultaneously impact crime in neighborhoods
This study examines the associations between various social and physical environmental characteristics and their interrelated influence on neighborhood crime. Using Kernel Regularized Least Squares (KRLS), we estimate the marginal effects of each independent variable at each datapoint by providing pointwise estimates of partial derivatives. Then we regress the derivative values for each independent variable on each other variable in the model to …
Exploring crime through physical and social neighborhood factors
Linking Neighborhood Crime to Racial Diversity, Immigrant Concentration, and Ethnic Heterogeneity among Immigrants
The current study simultaneously examines the effects of various measures of demographic heterogeneity on neighborhood crime and their possible moderating effects. We estimated a set of negative binomial regression models with all three measures of demographic heterogeneity for testing their associations with crime in neighborhood. We also tested the moderation effects by adding multiplicative interaction terms in each model, respectively. Our fi…
Examining the Effects of Physical Environment and Structural Characteristics on the Spatial Patterns of Crime in Daegu, South Korea
The current study examines the relationship between the features of physical and social environments and neighborhood crime in a large Korean city. We utilized the 112 Crime Calls Data from May 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019, aggregated at the 1⁄4-mile egohood level. We estimated a series of negative binomial regression models to test the effects of social and physical environmental features on crime rates. Furthermore, we examine potential moderating…
Does Street Social Activity Impact Crime? An Analysis in New York City
The current study examines the relationship between the level of social activity and crime in place. We theoretically conceptualized the social activity as a combination of two essential elements of vitality and diversity. Our results suggest that level of social activity has a crime enhancing effect on both violent and property crime. We also found that there are positive interaction effects between the measures of vitality and diversity. This s…
Immigrant-Ethnic Activity Space (Ieas), Ex-Prisoner Concentration, and Recidivism
Prior research measures immigration by only accounting for where immigrants live. We argue that this approach misses the activity spaces of immigrants, which also impact crime but are not always located in their residential communities. The present study uses an alternative definition of immigration—immigrant-ethnic activity space (IEAS)—that accounts for both the residential location and routine activities of immigrants. Additionally, given the …
Alleyways and crime in Denver, Colorado census blocks
Estimating Age-Graded Effects of Businesses on Crime in Place
Although prior studies have examined the association between the presence of various types of business facilities and crime in place, less attention has been paid to how the effects of businesses can be temporally different based on their age. We focus on four consumer-facing business types: 1) retail, 2) service, 3) restaurant, and 4) food and drug stores. For each type, we construct block level measures of the number of businesses, the average …
Subway Station and Neighborhood Crime
In the current study, we examine the effects of the number of subway stations as well as magnitude of subway ridership on crime in 1/4-mile egohoods in New York City, while accounting for structural characteristics and land uses. Longitudinal analyses are conducted using a set of negative binomial regression fixed effects models. We found that the number of subway stations have crime-enhancing effects for robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, an…
The time-varying effects of physical environment for walkability on neighborhood crime
Racial and ethnic differences in the availability of community medical services after leaving prison
INTRODUCTION: Incarcerated individuals experience increased health problems, presenting additional challenges as they leave prison and re-enter the community. These challenges are disproportionally experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. Despite these trends, little is known regarding the availability of medical services within the communities to which incarcerated individuals return. METHODS: We examined all prison returns in the state of F…
Unintended Consequences? The Effects of Neighbourhood Walkability on Crime in Nine US Cities
The criminological literature suggests that neighbourhood walkability might produce unintended consequences, namely that walkability is associated with higher crime rates because it affords potential offenders an abundance of weakly guarded targets. To address this proposition, we investigate linear and nonlinear effects of walkability using a sample of block groups located across nine US cities. Results from our negative binomial regression mode…
Examining the spatial distribution of parking tickets in San Francisco neighborhoods
Parking citations are among the most common minor offenses, which can result in millions of dollars in revenue each year for cities. However, it is an open question whether the spatial distribution of parking citations is equitable in terms of neighborhoods' racial/ethnic composition and economic standing. To the extent that parking citations are issued in nonwhite or low-income neighborhoods, this would represent a form of urban inequality. Thus…
Both Sides of the Street
Small Local versus Non-Local
In the current study, we theorized that businesses in place are subject to two processes: a crime generator effect in which they heighten crime due to increased opportunities and a crime inhibition effect in which certain types of businesses can increase guardianship capability. We explicitly compare the different effects of local vs. non-local and small vs. large businesses on crime in street segments using the data in cities across the Los Ange…
Immigrant Organizations and Neighborhood Crime
We examine the impact of immigrant-serving organizations on neighborhood crime in the Los Angeles Metropolitan area, while accounting for other community correlates of crime as well as potential endogeneity. We estimate longitudinal negative binomial regression models that test for the main, mediating, and moderating effects of immigrant-serving organizations. We found that immigrant-serving organizations generally have crime-reducing effects for…
Revisiting the Relationship Between Racial Heterogeneity and Neighborhood Crime
This study examines the relationships between racial heterogeneity and crime across blocks ( N = 103,168) located in the greater Southern California region. We estimate negative binomial regression models that test for the effects of racial heterogeneity in conjunction with different functional form and spatial scaling considerations. Racial diversity in the block has a crime-reducing effect, whereas racial diversity in the area surrounding the b…
Seasonality and Crime in Orlando Neighbourhoods
The current study examines seasonality by modelling crime in small spatial units while accounting for numerous land uses (e.g. hotel, store, school and industrial) and sociodemographic characteristics. We estimate logistic regression models that predict the probability of a crime occurring in our sample of blocks in Orlando, FL over the 52 weeks of the year (i.e. block-weeks). In addition, we examined interaction terms between each land use measu…
Neighborhood Effects on Crime in San Francisco
Communities and crime research presumes that purely nonresidential land uses are associated with more crime, whereas purely residential land use is associated with less crime. However, few studies have evaluated this prevailing assumption in tandem with the notion of "mixed" land use. Drawing on a sample of San Francisco census blocks, this study examines the neighborhood effects of several land use measures on crime counts using negative binomia…
Topography and crime in place
Few studies have investigated how features of the land surface and the street network affect spatial crime patterns. Accordingly, for the current study, we estimated negative binomial regression models to test for main and moderating effects of elevation, slope, and betweenness on crime across San Francisco street segments. While significant effects were observed for all topography measures assessed, we found that elevation differences in the sur…
Studying neighborhood crime across different macro spatial scales
Explaining the temporal and spatial dimensions of robbery
Fight or flight? Crime as a driving force in business failure and business mobility
Neighborhood context and the Hispanic health paradox
Neighborhood Effects on Crime in San Francisco
Communities and crime research presumes that purely nonresidential land uses are associated with more crime, whereas purely residential land use is associated with less crime. However, few studies have evaluated this prevailing assumption in tandem with the notion of "mixed" land use. Drawing on a sample of San Francisco census blocks, this study examines the neighborhood effects of several land use measures on crime counts using negative binomia…
Where they live and go
Density, diversity, and design
Examining the spatial distribution of parking tickets in San Francisco neighborhoods
Parking citations are among the most common minor offenses, which can result in millions of dollars in revenue each year for cities. However, it is an open question whether the spatial distribution of parking citations is equitable in terms of neighborhoods' racial/ethnic composition and economic standing. To the extent that parking citations are issued in nonwhite or low-income neighborhoods, this would represent a form of urban inequality. Thus…
Seasonality and Crime in Orlando Neighbourhoods
The current study examines seasonality by modelling crime in small spatial units while accounting for numerous land uses (e.g. hotel, store, school and industrial) and sociodemographic characteristics. We estimate logistic regression models that predict the probability of a crime occurring in our sample of blocks in Orlando, FL over the 52 weeks of the year (i.e. block-weeks). In addition, we examined interaction terms between each land use measu…
The time-varying effects of physical environment for walkability on neighborhood crime
Unintended Consequences? The Effects of Neighbourhood Walkability on Crime in Nine US Cities
The criminological literature suggests that neighbourhood walkability might produce unintended consequences, namely that walkability is associated with higher crime rates because it affords potential offenders an abundance of weakly guarded targets. To address this proposition, we investigate linear and nonlinear effects of walkability using a sample of block groups located across nine US cities. Results from our negative binomial regression mode…
A scalable climate health justice assessment model
Linking Neighborhood Crime to Racial Diversity, Immigrant Concentration, and Ethnic Heterogeneity among Immigrants
The current study simultaneously examines the effects of various measures of demographic heterogeneity on neighborhood crime and their possible moderating effects. We estimated a set of negative binomial regression models with all three measures of demographic heterogeneity for testing their associations with crime in neighborhood. We also tested the moderation effects by adding multiplicative interaction terms in each model, respectively. Our fi…
Alleyways and crime in Denver, Colorado census blocks
Racial and ethnic differences in the availability of community medical services after leaving prison
INTRODUCTION: Incarcerated individuals experience increased health problems, presenting additional challenges as they leave prison and re-enter the community. These challenges are disproportionally experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. Despite these trends, little is known regarding the availability of medical services within the communities to which incarcerated individuals return. METHODS: We examined all prison returns in the state of F…
Topography and crime in place
Few studies have investigated how features of the land surface and the street network affect spatial crime patterns. Accordingly, for the current study, we estimated negative binomial regression models to test for main and moderating effects of elevation, slope, and betweenness on crime across San Francisco street segments. While significant effects were observed for all topography measures assessed, we found that elevation differences in the sur…
Social Disparities in Children’s Respiratory Health in El Paso, Texas
The objectives of this study were to assess prevalence of children's respiratory health conditions and to measure and describe social disparities in children's respiratory problems and access to health resources for asthma/wheezing management. Data were collected through a cross-sectional, observational mail survey of all primary caretakers of 4th and 5th grade children in El Paso Independent School District (El Paso, TX, USA). 6295 primary caret…
Can Economic Deprivation Protect Health? Paradoxical Multilevel Effects of Poverty on Hispanic Children’s Wheezing
Prior research suggests that economic deprivation has a generally negative influence on residents' health. We employ hierarchical logistic regression modeling to test if economic deprivation presents respiratory health risks or benefits to Hispanic children living in the City of El Paso (Texas, USA) at neighborhood- and individual-levels, and whether individual-level health effects of economic deprivation vary based on neighborhood-level economic…
Neighborhood context and the Hispanic health paradox
A scalable climate health justice assessment model
Studying neighborhood crime across different macro spatial scales
Where they live and go
Explaining the temporal and spatial dimensions of robbery
Fight or flight? Crime as a driving force in business failure and business mobility
Micro-Scale, Meso-Scale, Macro-Scale, and Temporal Scale
We compare the relative importance of four dimensions for explaining the micro location of robberies: 1) the micro spatial scale of street segments; 2) the meso spatial scale surrounding the street segment; 3) the temporal pattern, and 4) the macro-scale of the surrounding 2.5 miles. This study uses crime, business, and land use data from New York City and aggregates it to street segments and hours of the day. Although the measures capturing the …
Parcels, points, and proximity
While there has been no shortage of discussion of urban big data, smart cities, and cities as complex systems, there has been less discussion of the implications of big data as a source of individual data for planning and social science research. This study takes advantage of increasingly available land parcel and business establishment data to analyze how the measurement of proximity to urban services or amenities performed in many fields can be…
Topography and crime in place
Few studies have investigated how features of the land surface and the street network affect spatial crime patterns. Accordingly, for the current study, we estimated negative binomial regression models to test for main and moderating effects of elevation, slope, and betweenness on crime across San Francisco street segments. While significant effects were observed for all topography measures assessed, we found that elevation differences in the sur…
Density, diversity, and design
A Longitudinal Examination of Building Demolitions on Neighbourhood Crime Rates
Criminological research shows that vacant and dilapidated buildings contribute to higher neighbourhood crime rates. Therefore, the implication is that by physically removing these buildings from a neighbourhood, there will subsequently be a reduction in crime within that neighbourhood. In this study, we focus on the potential crime-reducing benefits of building demolitions—a change in the physical landscape, which may initiate or sustain neighbou…
Both Sides of the Street
Small Local versus Non-Local
In the current study, we theorized that businesses in place are subject to two processes: a crime generator effect in which they heighten crime due to increased opportunities and a crime inhibition effect in which certain types of businesses can increase guardianship capability. We explicitly compare the different effects of local vs. non-local and small vs. large businesses on crime in street segments using the data in cities across the Los Ange…
Immigrant Organizations and Neighborhood Crime
We examine the impact of immigrant-serving organizations on neighborhood crime in the Los Angeles Metropolitan area, while accounting for other community correlates of crime as well as potential endogeneity. We estimate longitudinal negative binomial regression models that test for the main, mediating, and moderating effects of immigrant-serving organizations. We found that immigrant-serving organizations generally have crime-reducing effects for…
Revisiting the Relationship Between Racial Heterogeneity and Neighborhood Crime
This study examines the relationships between racial heterogeneity and crime across blocks ( N = 103,168) located in the greater Southern California region. We estimate negative binomial regression models that test for the effects of racial heterogeneity in conjunction with different functional form and spatial scaling considerations. Racial diversity in the block has a crime-reducing effect, whereas racial diversity in the area surrounding the b…
Seasonality and Crime in Orlando Neighbourhoods
The current study examines seasonality by modelling crime in small spatial units while accounting for numerous land uses (e.g. hotel, store, school and industrial) and sociodemographic characteristics. We estimate logistic regression models that predict the probability of a crime occurring in our sample of blocks in Orlando, FL over the 52 weeks of the year (i.e. block-weeks). In addition, we examined interaction terms between each land use measu…
Neighborhood Effects on Crime in San Francisco
Communities and crime research presumes that purely nonresidential land uses are associated with more crime, whereas purely residential land use is associated with less crime. However, few studies have evaluated this prevailing assumption in tandem with the notion of "mixed" land use. Drawing on a sample of San Francisco census blocks, this study examines the neighborhood effects of several land use measures on crime counts using negative binomia…
Estimating Age-Graded Effects of Businesses on Crime in Place
Although prior studies have examined the association between the presence of various types of business facilities and crime in place, less attention has been paid to how the effects of businesses can be temporally different based on their age. We focus on four consumer-facing business types: 1) retail, 2) service, 3) restaurant, and 4) food and drug stores. For each type, we construct block level measures of the number of businesses, the average …
Subway Station and Neighborhood Crime
In the current study, we examine the effects of the number of subway stations as well as magnitude of subway ridership on crime in 1/4-mile egohoods in New York City, while accounting for structural characteristics and land uses. Longitudinal analyses are conducted using a set of negative binomial regression fixed effects models. We found that the number of subway stations have crime-enhancing effects for robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, an…
The time-varying effects of physical environment for walkability on neighborhood crime
Racial and ethnic differences in the availability of community medical services after leaving prison
INTRODUCTION: Incarcerated individuals experience increased health problems, presenting additional challenges as they leave prison and re-enter the community. These challenges are disproportionally experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. Despite these trends, little is known regarding the availability of medical services within the communities to which incarcerated individuals return. METHODS: We examined all prison returns in the state of F…
Unintended Consequences? The Effects of Neighbourhood Walkability on Crime in Nine US Cities
The criminological literature suggests that neighbourhood walkability might produce unintended consequences, namely that walkability is associated with higher crime rates because it affords potential offenders an abundance of weakly guarded targets. To address this proposition, we investigate linear and nonlinear effects of walkability using a sample of block groups located across nine US cities. Results from our negative binomial regression mode…
Examining the spatial distribution of parking tickets in San Francisco neighborhoods
Parking citations are among the most common minor offenses, which can result in millions of dollars in revenue each year for cities. However, it is an open question whether the spatial distribution of parking citations is equitable in terms of neighborhoods' racial/ethnic composition and economic standing. To the extent that parking citations are issued in nonwhite or low-income neighborhoods, this would represent a form of urban inequality. Thus…
Crime Patterns and Interventions (30 obras) · Geography (21 obras) · Sociology (21 obras) · Criminology (16 obras) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (13 obras) · Mathematics (12 obras) · Statistics (12 obras) · Psychology (11 obras) · Demography (10 obras) · Economics (9 obras)