Jack M Guralnik
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 279716 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Jack M Guralnik |
| NOMBRES | Jack M |
| APELLIDO | Guralnik |
| FIRMA | GURALNIK J M |
| AFILIACIONES | National Institute on Aging |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5108-7263 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 58 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 377 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 58 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1987 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
The REtirement in ACTion exercise programme and its effects on elements of long term functionality in older adults
Background: The prevention of mobility-related disability amongst adults is a global healthcare priority. Cost-effective community-based strategies to improve physical function and independence in older adults with mobility limitations are needed. This study investigated the effectiveness of the REtirement in ACTion (REACT) exercise intervention on individual markers of physical function at 6-and 12-months. Methods: The REACT multicentre randomis…
Health Behaviors and Chronic Conditions Mediate the Protective Effects of Masculinity for Physical Performance in Older Adults
This study provides evidence that gender roles are independently associated with physical performance. Health behaviors and chronic conditions are mediators of the relationship between gender roles and lower extremity physical function
Economic Adversity Transitions From Childhood to Older Adulthood Are Differentially Associated With Later-Life Physical Performance Measures in Men and Women in Middle and High-Income Sites
Objective: This study examines the relationship between economic adversity transitions from childhood to older adulthood and older adulthood physical performance among 1,998 community-dwelling older adults from five demographically diverse sites from middle and high-income countries. Method: The principal exposure variable was economic adversity transition. No adversity encompassed not experiencing poverty in both childhood and older adulthood, i…
Social Participation Modifies the Effect of a Structured Physical Activity Program on Major Mobility Disability Among Older Adults
Our findings suggest that baseline social participation is an important factor for the success of a PA intervention aimed at delaying mobility disability
Effect of Structured Physical Activity on Prevention of Major Mobility Disability in Older Adults
IMPORTANCE: In older adults reduced mobility is common and is an independent risk factor for morbidity, hospitalization, disability, and mortality. Limited evidence suggests that physical activity may help prevent mobility disability; however, there are no definitive clinical trials examining whether physical activity prevents or delays mobility disability. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a long-term structured physical activity program is…
Evaluation of the Late-Life Disability Instrument (LLDI) in Low-Income Older Populations
LLDI is a good instrument to assess disability in low-income populations. Further research is needed to include culturally acceptable activities for the frequency sub-scale
Long-Term Survival in Adults 65 Years and Older With White Matter Hyperintensity
OBJECTIVE: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) confers increased mortality risk in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about differences in survival times among adults 65 years and older who have WMH and live in the community. To characterize the factors that may reduce mortality risk in the presence of WMH, measures of race, sex, apolipoprotein E4, neuroimaging, and cardiometabolic, physiological, and psychosocial chara…
Performance on Five Times Sit-to-Stand Task as a Predictor of Subsequent Falls and Disability in Older Persons
5tSTS is an easily administered tool which can be used to predict subsequent ADL- and IADL-related disability
Validity and Reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery in Two Diverse Older Adult Populations in Quebec and Brazil
This study provides evidence for the validity and reliability of SPPB in diverse populations
Childhood social class and adult adiposity and blood-pressure trajectories 36–53 years
BACKGROUND: In this study, the authors investigate gender-specific effects of childhood socio-economic position (SEP) on adiposity and blood pressure at three time points in adulthood. METHODS: Mixed models were used to assess the association of childhood SEP with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at ages 36, 43 and 53 years in a British birth cohort. RESULTS: The adverse …
Childhood, adolescent and early adult body mass index in relation to adult mortality
BACKGROUND: Adult body mass index (BMI) has been consistently related to mortality, but little is known about the impact of earlier life BMI on adult mortality. The aim is to investigate the impact of childhood, adolescent and early adult BMI on premature adult all-cause mortality. METHODS: The British 1946 cohort study was used to assess the association of BMI in childhood, adolescence and adulthood with mortality 26-60 years (332 deaths). 4462 …
Mobility and Aging
Optimal mobility, defined as relative ease and freedom of movement in all of its forms, is central to healthy aging. Mobility is a significant consideration for research, practice, and policy in aging and public health. We examined the public health burdens of mobility disability, with a particular focus on leading public health interventions to enhance walking and driving, and the challenges and opportunities for public health action. We propose…
P1-42 Associations of area deprivation over the lifecourse and physical capability in mid-life
Background Recent work has shown that factors across the whole of life influence physical capability in later life. Therefore, when investigating area socioeconomic effects on physical capability, area exposures should be assessed across the lifecourse to take account changes in residence and secular trends of an area. Methods Using data from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, we examined the relationship between area low social c…
O1-3.5 Can we intervene to promote capability and well-being
Chronic conditions are common in the older population and the co-occurrence of multiple conditions increases with increasing age. Ultimately, the consequences of chronic conditions, particularly functional consequences, play a critical role in loss of independence and decline in quality of life. Although a major effort has gone into disease prevention, less attention has been paid to reduction of the impact of chronic diseases on capability and w…
Lifetime Cognitive Performance is Associated With Midlife Physical Performance in a Prospective National Birth Cohort Study
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether measures of cognitive performance across life are related to physical performance at age 53 years, allowing for potential confounders. METHODS: In a large representative British birth cohort of men and women (N = 2135) the associations between cognitive performance across life (i.e., standardized cognition scores at ages 15, 43, and 53 years and changes in verbal memory and search speed scores between 43 and 53 year…
Black—White Disparities in Disability Among Older Americans
The greatly elevated risk of disability among Blacks aged 55 to 74 is largely explained by differences in socioeconomic status. Reductions in Black-White health disparities require a better understanding of the mechanisms whereby lower income and education are associated with functional outcomes in older persons
Body mass index through life and adult mortality
Results: In terms of incidence, in 1980, the overall ASR varied widely across countries, ranging from 18 per 100 000 in Belarus to 309 per 100 000 in Switzerland. Between 1980 and 2002, prostate cancer incidence increased in all 20 countries. The OPC was the smallest in Denmark (+40%) and highest in Italy (+336%). Generally, countries with lower incidence in early years had the highest OPCs. In North-America and Australia incidence peaked around …
Patterns in trouble sleeping among women at mid-life
BACKGROUND: Although trouble sleeping is a common problem among women at mid-life, patterns in trouble sleeping relating to social and health-related risk factors are unclear. This analysis describes the dynamics of trouble sleeping among women at mid-life. METHODS: The National Survey of Health and Development is a nationally representative study of births in 1946 in England, Scotland, and Wales followed up through mid-life. Multistate life tabl…
Comparison of life course socioeconomic models for cardiovascular risk factors
compared with participants who had died, for the three psychosocial measures, were: CASP-19 (3.75 and 6.02 respectively, p,0.001); GHQ-12 (1.24 and 2.12 respectively, p,0.001); and CES-D (1.53 and 2.44 respectively, p,0.001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that, after controlling for demographic, health, and lifestyle factors, CASP-19 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.13), GHQ-12 (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.12), and CES-D (OR 1.13, …
Characterisation of smoking behaviour across the life course and its impact on decline in lung function and all-cause mortality
OBJECTIVES: To describe smoking trajectories from early adolescence into mid-life and to examine the effects of these trajectories on health and all-cause mortality. METHODS: A nationally representative birth cohort study including 3387 men and women followed up since their birth in 1946 in England, Scotland and Wales. The main outcome measure is all-cause mortality by age 60 years and rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(…
Persistent Depressive Symptoms and Functional Decline Among Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
OBJECTIVE: Because depressive symptoms are prevalent among patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), our goal was to study the effect of depressive symptoms over time on functional decline among patients with PAD. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 417 patients with PAD followed annually for 2 years. A Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-S) score >5 was considered positive for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptom…
The Effect of Depressive Symptoms on the Association between Functional Status and Social Participation
Self-rated health showed a graded association with frequently used biomarkers in a large population sample
Gradient of Disability across the Socioeconomic Spectrum in the United States
BACKGROUND: Although the relationship between extreme poverty and poor health among older adults has long been recognized, less attention has been devoted to investigating whether a gradient in disability exists in the United States among persons with middle-class and upper-class incomes. We attempted to determine whether a gradient in functional limitation exists across the full spectrum of income among persons 55 years of age or older. METHODS:…
Research Agenda for Frailty in Older Adults
Evolving definitions of frailty, and improved understanding of molecular and physiological declines in multiple systems that may increase vulnerability in frail, older adults has encouraged investigators from many disciplines to contribute to this emerging field of research. This article reports on the results of the 2004 American Geriatrics Society/National Institute on Aging conference on a Research Agenda on Frailty in Older Adults, which brou…
Is Self-Rated Health Comparable across Cultures and Genders
Self-rated health is a frequently used health indicator, but there is little data on its comparability across cultures. We employed samples from Tampere, Finland, and Florence, Italy, of the European Longitudinal Study on Aging to examine the cultural and gender differences in self-rated health. Personal interview data was used and vital status ascertained after 7 years. After adjusting for several health-related variables, we found no substantia…
Educational Differences in the Prevalence of Mobility Disability in Old Age
Higher incidence of disability is the main contributor to the substantially higher prevalence of disability in older people of lower socioeconomic status. Efforts to reduce the disparity in disability rates by socioeconomic status in old age should focus mainly on preventing disability, because differences in the course of mobility disability after onset appear to play a limited role in the observed prevalence disparities
Mortality among the elderly in the Alameda County Study
We studied the association between behavioral and demographic risk factors and 17-year mortality in members of the Alameda County (California) Study who were 60-94 years of age at baseline. In this age group, increased risk of death is associated with being male, smoking, having little leisure-time physical activity, deviating from moderate weight relative to height, and not regularly eating breakfast. These increased risks were independent of ag…
Estimating Increment-Decrement Life Tables with Multiple Covariates from Panel Data
A fundamental limitation of current multistate life table methodology-evident in recent estimates of active life expectancy for the elderly-is the inability to estimate tables from data on small longitudinal panels in the presence of multiple covariates (such as sex, race, and socioeconomic status). This paper presents an approach to such an estimation based on an isomorphism between the structure of the stochastic model underlying a conventional…
Sex differences in the prevalence of mobility disability in old age
Disability incidence, recovery from disability, and mortality dynamically influence the sex differences in the prevalence of mobility disability. However, incidence has the greatest impact overall on the higher prevalence of disability in women compared with men
Exploring the effect of depression on physical disability
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of depression on the incidence of physical disability and the role of confounding and explanatory variables in this relationship. METHODS: A cohort of 6247 subjects 65 years and older who were initially free of disability was followed up for 6 years. Baseline depression was assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Disability in mobility and disability in activities of daily li…
Severity of Upper and Lower Extremity Functional Limitation
These scales, constructed from commonly used self-report measures of function, provide discrete measures of upper and lower functional limitation. Because these scales are distinct from measures of disability and impairment, their use should facilitate increased understanding of the disablement process
Mobility and Aging
Optimal mobility, defined as relative ease and freedom of movement in all of its forms, is central to healthy aging. Mobility is a significant consideration for research, practice, and policy in aging and public health. We examined the public health burdens of mobility disability, with a particular focus on leading public health interventions to enhance walking and driving, and the challenges and opportunities for public health action. We propose…
Morbidity and disability in older persons in the years prior to death
BACKGROUND: A large proportion of the disease and disability which affects older persons occurs in the years just prior to death. Little prospective evidence is available which quantifies the burden of morbidity and disability during these years. METHODS: In three community-based cohorts of persons age 65 and older, chronic conditions and disability were evaluated for the three years prior to death in 531 persons who had three annual assessments …
Evidence for a black-white crossover in all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in an older population
OBJECTIVES: This cohort study evaluated racial differences in mortality among Blacks and Whites 65 years and older. METHODS: A total of 4136 men and women (1875 Whites and 2261 Blacks) living in North Carolina were interviewed in 1986 and followed up for mortality until 1994. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were calculated, with adjustment for sociodemographic and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. RESULTS: …
Changing mortality patterns that led life expectancy in Japan to surpass Sweden’s
Between 1972 and 1982, Japan caught up to and then surpassed Sweden as the country with the longest life expectancy. The contributions of different causes of death and age groups to life expectancy changes in males during this time period are examined in detail for these two countries. Even though cerebrovascular disease mortality rates remained lower in Sweden over the entire interval, the rapid gain made by Japan relative to Sweden for this cau…
Black—White Disparities in Disability Among Older Americans
The greatly elevated risk of disability among Blacks aged 55 to 74 is largely explained by differences in socioeconomic status. Reductions in Black-White health disparities require a better understanding of the mechanisms whereby lower income and education are associated with functional outcomes in older persons
Black/White Differences in the Relationship between MMSE Scores and Disability
The purpose of this article is to examine Black/White differences among older women in the relationship between physical functional difficulties and variations in cognitive status, measured within the low to high normal range of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We studied 3,585 women with MMSE scores of 18 and above from a population-based random sample of 3,841 community-dwelling women aged 65 and older living in East Baltimore, Marylan…
Driving Life Expectancy of Persons Aged 70 Years and Older in the United States
Objectives. We estimated total life expectancy and driving life expectancy of US drivers aged 70 years and older. Methods. Life table methods were applied to 4699 elderly persons who were driving in 1993 and reassessed in a 1995 survey. Results. Drivers aged 70 to 74 years had a driving life expectancy of approximately 11 years. A higher risk of mortality among men as a cause of driving cessation offset a higher risk of driving cessation not rela…
Validity and Reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery in Two Diverse Older Adult Populations in Quebec and Brazil
This study provides evidence for the validity and reliability of SPPB in diverse populations
Prospects for the Compression of Morbidity
Although an upper limit to life expectancy has been proposed, most projections are for a continued decline in mortality rates and an increase in life expectancy for the next 50 years. Compression of morbidity can still occur during a period of increasing life expectancy if disability-free life expectancy increases more rapidly than life expectancy. This article considers the prospects for future increases in disability-free life expectancy as the…
The Health Consequences of Multiple Morbidity in the Elderly
Longitudinal data from the Alameda County Study are used to examine three health consequences of multiple or co-morbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions and/or symptoms. Age-adjusted analyses of the consequences of baseline co-morbidity show significant associations in both age groups with 17-year mortality, and with the development of multiple new conditions and the occurrence of depression over a 9-year follow-up.…
Education and Apoe-e4 in Longitudinal Cognitive Decline
Longitudinal data from the MacArthur Study of Successful Aging were used to test for interactions between education and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype with respect to time trends in cognitive performance. Interactions between education, APOE-e4 status, and time were found for overall cognitive function, and for subscales measuring memory and naming: The presence of the e4 allele was associated with steeper declines in cognition for those with a…
Childhood social class and adult adiposity and blood-pressure trajectories 36–53 years
BACKGROUND: In this study, the authors investigate gender-specific effects of childhood socio-economic position (SEP) on adiposity and blood pressure at three time points in adulthood. METHODS: Mixed models were used to assess the association of childhood SEP with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at ages 36, 43 and 53 years in a British birth cohort. RESULTS: The adverse …
The Israeli kibbutz as a venue for reduced disability in old age
Short-Term Change in Physical Function and Disability
Basic physical functions account for a substantial proportion of the heterogeneity in ADL and mobility disability among older disabled women, but have a relatively small impact on short-term changes in either type of disability. Effective prevention of disability may require attention to a wider array of risk factors than just limitations in basic physical functions
Characteristics of older pedestrians who have difficulty crossing the street
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the sociodemographic and health characteristics and problems of older pedestrians. METHODS: Interviews and assessments were conducted with 1249 enrollees aged 72 or older from the New Haven, Conn, community of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly who agreed to participate in a seventh follow-up. RESULTS: Approximately 11% of the New Haven residents reported difficulty crossing the st…
Medical and Long-Term Care Costs When Older Persons Become More Dependent
Loss of independence in older persons places considerable financial burden on them, their families, and the health care system. This study estimated the additional medical and long-term care costs that occur during the year when older persons make the transition to dependency at home or move to a nursing home
Childhood, adolescent and early adult body mass index in relation to adult mortality
BACKGROUND: Adult body mass index (BMI) has been consistently related to mortality, but little is known about the impact of earlier life BMI on adult mortality. The aim is to investigate the impact of childhood, adolescent and early adult BMI on premature adult all-cause mortality. METHODS: The British 1946 cohort study was used to assess the association of BMI in childhood, adolescence and adulthood with mortality 26-60 years (332 deaths). 4462 …
Economic Adversity Transitions From Childhood to Older Adulthood Are Differentially Associated With Later-Life Physical Performance Measures in Men and Women in Middle and High-Income Sites
Objective: This study examines the relationship between economic adversity transitions from childhood to older adulthood and older adulthood physical performance among 1,998 community-dwelling older adults from five demographically diverse sites from middle and high-income countries. Method: The principal exposure variable was economic adversity transition. No adversity encompassed not experiencing poverty in both childhood and older adulthood, i…
Mortality among the elderly in the Alameda County Study
We studied the association between behavioral and demographic risk factors and 17-year mortality in members of the Alameda County (California) Study who were 60-94 years of age at baseline. In this age group, increased risk of death is associated with being male, smoking, having little leisure-time physical activity, deviating from moderate weight relative to height, and not regularly eating breakfast. These increased risks were independent of ag…
Changing mortality patterns that led life expectancy in Japan to surpass Sweden’s
Between 1972 and 1982, Japan caught up to and then surpassed Sweden as the country with the longest life expectancy. The contributions of different causes of death and age groups to life expectancy changes in males during this time period are examined in detail for these two countries. Even though cerebrovascular disease mortality rates remained lower in Sweden over the entire interval, the rapid gain made by Japan relative to Sweden for this cau…
The Health Consequences of Multiple Morbidity in the Elderly
Longitudinal data from the Alameda County Study are used to examine three health consequences of multiple or co-morbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions and/or symptoms. Age-adjusted analyses of the consequences of baseline co-morbidity show significant associations in both age groups with 17-year mortality, and with the development of multiple new conditions and the occurrence of depression over a 9-year follow-up.…
Prospects for the Compression of Morbidity
Although an upper limit to life expectancy has been proposed, most projections are for a continued decline in mortality rates and an increase in life expectancy for the next 50 years. Compression of morbidity can still occur during a period of increasing life expectancy if disability-free life expectancy increases more rapidly than life expectancy. This article considers the prospects for future increases in disability-free life expectancy as the…
Morbidity and disability in older persons in the years prior to death
BACKGROUND: A large proportion of the disease and disability which affects older persons occurs in the years just prior to death. Little prospective evidence is available which quantifies the burden of morbidity and disability during these years. METHODS: In three community-based cohorts of persons age 65 and older, chronic conditions and disability were evaluated for the three years prior to death in 531 persons who had three annual assessments …
Maintaining Mobility in Late Life. I. Demographic Characteristics and Chronic Conditions
To assess the role of demographic factors and chronic conditions in maintaining mobility in older persons, this study utilized longitudinal data collected as part of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly between 1981 and 1987 on 6,981 men and women aged 65 years and older in East Boston, Massachusetts; Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa; and New Haven, Connecticut. Results are presented for those who at baseline rep…
Educational Status and Active Life Expectancy among Older Blacks and Whites
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Persons of low socioeconomic status are known to have reduced life expectancy. In a study of the relation of socioeconomic status to disability-free or active life expectancy among older persons, we analyzed prospectively gathered data on 2219 blacks and 1838 whites who were 65 years of age or older in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. We defined disability as the inability to perform independently one or more basic f…
Maintaining Mobility in Late Life. II. Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Physical Activity, and Body Mass Index
While positive health behaviors have been shown to extend life, their association with extending active life has not been well investigated. In this report, several health behaviors were investigated in relation to maintaining mobility during 4 years of follow-up among 6,981 men and women aged 65 years and older with intact mobility at baseline between 1981 and 1983 who lived in one of three communities: East Boston, Massachusetts; Iowa and Washi…
Left-handedness and mortality
We examined mortality associated with handedness in two ways. A simulation using national data suggests that lower mean age at death among left-handed persons, previously offered as evidence of higher mortality, can be explained exclusively by the age distribution of laterality. Second, empiric evidence from a 6-year cohort study of 3774 older adults from East Boston, Massachusetts, demonstrates that left-handedness is not associated with mortali…
Predicting Changes in Physical Performance in a High-Functioning Elderly Cohort
BACKGROUND: Performance-based measures of physical performance were examined for an older cohort of relatively high-functioning men and women. Relationships between baseline physical performance and sociodemographic and health status characteristics were also examined. Three-year pattern changes in performance are described, and sociodemographic and health status predictors of change are investigated. METHODS: A cohort of relatively high-function…
A Short Physical Performance Battery Assessing Lower Extremity Function
BACKGROUND: A short battery of physical performance tests was used to assess lower extremity function in more than 5,000 persons age 71 years and older in three communities. METHODS: Balance, gait, strength, and endurance were evaluated by examining ability to stand with the feet together in the side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem positions, time to walk 8 feet, and time to rise from a chair and return to the seated position 5 times. RESULTS: A…
Estimating Increment-Decrement Life Tables with Multiple Covariates from Panel Data
A fundamental limitation of current multistate life table methodology-evident in recent estimates of active life expectancy for the elderly-is the inability to estimate tables from data on small longitudinal panels in the presence of multiple covariates (such as sex, race, and socioeconomic status). This paper presents an approach to such an estimation based on an isomorphism between the structure of the stochastic model underlying a conventional…
Lower-Extremity Function in Persons over the Age of 70 Years as a Predictor of Subsequent Disability
BACKGROUND: Functional assessment is an important part of the evaluation of elderly persons. We conducted this study to determine whether objective measures of physical function can predict subsequent disability in older persons. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included men and women 71 years of age or older who were living in the community, who reported no disability in the activities of daily living, and who reported that they were able …
Disability as a Public Health Outcome in the Aging Population
Improvements in life expectancy in the twentieth century have resulted from major declines in mortality at younger ages, but it is less well recognized that mortality declines at older ages have also played a substantial role in prolonging expectation of life. A person reaching age 65 in 1900 could expect to live an additional 11.9 years. Life expectancy at age 65 rose to 14.4 years by 1960 and then increased by about three years in the next thre…
Disability in Older Adults
OBJECTIVES: This article synthesizes and assesses current evidence about the importance of physical disability to older adults. It then considers the applications of research findings to clinical geriatrics practice. RESULTS: Physical disability is a major adverse health outcome associated with aging. Certain subgroups of older adults, including individuals with mobility difficulty, with preclinical functional changes, and persons who are hospita…
Characteristics of older pedestrians who have difficulty crossing the street
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the sociodemographic and health characteristics and problems of older pedestrians. METHODS: Interviews and assessments were conducted with 1249 enrollees aged 72 or older from the New Haven, Conn, community of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly who agreed to participate in a seventh follow-up. RESULTS: Approximately 11% of the New Haven residents reported difficulty crossing the st…
Is Self-Rated Health Comparable across Cultures and Genders
Self-rated health is a frequently used health indicator, but there is little data on its comparability across cultures. We employed samples from Tampere, Finland, and Florence, Italy, of the European Longitudinal Study on Aging to examine the cultural and gender differences in self-rated health. Personal interview data was used and vital status ascertained after 7 years. After adjusting for several health-related variables, we found no substantia…
Black/White Differences in the Relationship between MMSE Scores and Disability
The purpose of this article is to examine Black/White differences among older women in the relationship between physical functional difficulties and variations in cognitive status, measured within the low to high normal range of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We studied 3,585 women with MMSE scores of 18 and above from a population-based random sample of 3,841 community-dwelling women aged 65 and older living in East Baltimore, Marylan…
Evidence for a black-white crossover in all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality in an older population
OBJECTIVES: This cohort study evaluated racial differences in mortality among Blacks and Whites 65 years and older. METHODS: A total of 4136 men and women (1875 Whites and 2261 Blacks) living in North Carolina were interviewed in 1986 and followed up for mortality until 1994. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were calculated, with adjustment for sociodemographic and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. RESULTS: …
Exploring the effect of depression on physical disability
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of depression on the incidence of physical disability and the role of confounding and explanatory variables in this relationship. METHODS: A cohort of 6247 subjects 65 years and older who were initially free of disability was followed up for 6 years. Baseline depression was assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Disability in mobility and disability in activities of daily li…
Lower body osteoarticular pain and dose of analgesic medications in older disabled women
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed use and dosage of analgesic medications in relation to severity of osteoarticular pain. METHODS: The type and dose of analgesic medication and the severity of pain in the lower back, hips, knees, or feet of 1002 older disabled women were assessed. RESULTS: Severe pain and the use of analgesic medications were reported by 48.5% and 78.8% of women, respectively. Among those who had severe pain, 41.2% were using less …
Lower Extremity Function and Subsequent Disability
BACKGROUND: Although it has been demonstrated that physical performance measures predict incident disability in previously nondisabled older persons, the available data have not been fully developed to create usable methods for determining risk profiles in community-dwelling populations. Using several populations and different follow-up periods, this study replicates previous findings by using the Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Stu…
Sex differences in the prevalence of mobility disability in old age
Disability incidence, recovery from disability, and mortality dynamically influence the sex differences in the prevalence of mobility disability. However, incidence has the greatest impact overall on the higher prevalence of disability in women compared with men
Educational Differences in the Prevalence of Mobility Disability in Old Age
Higher incidence of disability is the main contributor to the substantially higher prevalence of disability in older people of lower socioeconomic status. Efforts to reduce the disparity in disability rates by socioeconomic status in old age should focus mainly on preventing disability, because differences in the course of mobility disability after onset appear to play a limited role in the observed prevalence disparities
Severity of Upper and Lower Extremity Functional Limitation
These scales, constructed from commonly used self-report measures of function, provide discrete measures of upper and lower functional limitation. Because these scales are distinct from measures of disability and impairment, their use should facilitate increased understanding of the disablement process
Medicine (58 obras) · Gerontology (41 obras) · Gerontology (35 obras) · Health disparities and outcomes (33 obras) · Demography (31 obras) · Psychology (28 obras) · Population (21 obras) · Physical therapy (16 obras) · Demography (15 obras) · Internal Medicine (15 obras)